Dismantling Culture, Education, Science and the Media in Hungary 2010–2019
HUNGARY TURNS ITS BACK ON EUROPE DISMANTLING CULTURE, EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA IN HUNGARY 2010–2019 B U D A P E S T, 2020 The publicaon of this volume was supported by individuals Contributors: Iván Bajomi, András Bozóki, Judit Csáki, Zsolt Enyedi, István Fábián, György Gábor, Anna Gács, Péter Galicza, Gábor Gyáni, Andrea Haris, Mária Heller, Tamás Jászay, István Kenesei, Gábor Klaniczay, Dénes Krusovszky, Kata Kubínyi, Valéria Kulcsár, Pál Lővei, András Máté, József Mélyi, Gergely Nagy, Erzsébet Pásztor, Gábor Polyák, Péter Radó, Ágnes Rényi, András Rényi, Ildikó Sirató, Éva Tőkei, András Váradi, Mária Vásárhelyi Sleeve, cover design, technical eding: Klára Katona Cover photo: Béla Tarr: Sátántangó © Humán Plaorm © Contributors ISBN 978‐615‐00‐7373‐6 Editor: Humán Plaorm OKTATÓI HÁLÓZAT HUNGARIAN NETWORK OF ACADEMICS CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 INTRODUCTION 10 Hungary in the 20th Century 10 Characteriscs of the Orbán Regime 13 CULTURAL POLICY 16 SYMBOLIC POLITICS 20 Symbolic Polics and Propaganda 20 Public Space and Symbolic Polics 23 CULTURE AND THE HUNGARIAN CHURCHES 30 EDUCATION 32 Public Educaon 32 Higher Educaon 37 Central European University 43 RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 45 The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) 45 Historiography and the Polics of Remembrance 50 ARTS 54 Hungarian Academy of Arts 54 Naonal Cultural Fund 55 Theatre 56 Music 60 Literature 62 Fine Arts 64 Film Art and Film Industry 66 CULTURAL HERITAGE 69 Museums and Public Collecons 69 Protecon of Historic Monuments 72 MEDIA POLICY 75 CONCLUSION 79 AFTERWORD 81 CONTRIBUTORS 83 GLOSSARY 84 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report has been prepared by independent Hungarian intellectuals who wish to inform the Hungarian and international public as well as European institutions about the severe harm that the Orbán regime governing Hungary since 2010 has caused in the fields of education, science, culture, and the media.
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