(magazine)

National Geographic, formerly The National Geo- graphic Magazine, is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published con- tinuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains ar- ticles about geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy for- mat with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions. It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued. As of 2015, the magazine is circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circu- lation of 6.8 million per month.[4] Its U.S. circulation is around 3.5 million per month.[5]

1 Administration

The current Editor-in-Chief of the National Geographic Magazine is .[1] January 1915 cover of The National Geographic Magazine Chris Johns is chief content officer. He oversees the print and digital expression of National Geographic’s editorial content across its media platforms. He is responsible for National Geographic magazine, News, Books, Traveler magazine, Maps and all digital content with the exception of . He reports to Gary Evan Knell, president and CEO of the National Geographic So- Among its more recent issues, the June 1985 cover por- ciety. trait of 13-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula became one Terry B. Adamson, Executive Vice President of the So- of the magazine’s most recognizable images. ciety and the Society’s chief legal officer, has overall re- In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The sponsibility for the Society’s international publications, Complete National Geographic, a digital compilation of including the magazine. He also reports to Knell. all the past issues of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases, and 2 History temporarily withdrew the availability of the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in The first issue of National Geographic Magazine was pub- July 2009 it resumed publishing a compilation contain- lished in October 1888, nine months after the Society ing all issues through December 2008. The compilation was founded. Starting with its January 1905 publica- was later updated to make more recent issues available, tion of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, and the archive and digital edition of the magazine are the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publi- available online to the magazine’s subscribers. cation closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive The magazine celebrated its 125th anniversary in October pictorial content, and became well known for this style. 2013.

1 2 5 PHOTOGRAPHY

3 Editors-in-chief of the National also many articles in the 1930s, 40s and 50s about the in- Geographic Magazine dividual states and their resources, along with supplement maps of each state. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich.[8] There were 3.1 Editor (1888-1920) also articles about biology and science topics. In later years articles became outspoken on issues such as • John Hyde (October 1888-14 September 1900; environmental issues, deforestation, chemical pollution, Editor-in-Chief: 14 September 1900-February global warming, and endangered species. Series of ar- 1903) ticles were included focusing on the history and varied • Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875-1966) (Editor-in- uses of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food Chief: February 1903-20 January 1920; Managing crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological dis- Editor: 14 September 1900-February 1903; Assis- covery. Occasionally an entire month’s issue would be tant Editor: May 1899-14 September 1900) devoted to a single country, past civilization, a natural re- source whose future is endangered, or other theme. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has un- 3.2 Editor and president of the National veiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas Geographic Society (1920-1967) in the past, the magazine featured lengthy expositions, re- cent issues have shorter articles. • Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (21 January 1920 – 5 May 1954)

• John Oliver LaGorce (1880-1959) (5 May 1954 – 8 5 Photography January 1957)

• (1901-1982) (8 January 1957 – 1 August 1967)

3.3 Editor-in-chief (1967-present)

• Frederick Vosburgh (1905-2005) (1 August 1967- October 1970)

• Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (1931- ) (October 1970- July 1980)

• Wilbur E. Garrett (July 1980-April 1990)

• William Graves (April 1990-December 1994) Color photograph of the Taj Mahal. Source: The National Geo- graphic Magazine, March 1921 • William L. Allen (January 1995-January 2005) In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, • Chris Johns (1951-) (January 2005–April 2014) history, and the most distant corners of the world, the • Susan Goldberg (April 2014–present)[1] magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. This standard makes it [6] [7] the home to some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. The magazine began to feature color pho- tography in the early 20th century, when this technol- ogy was still rare. During the 1930s, Luis Marden 4 Articles (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its pho- During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to tographers to use small 35 mm cameras loaded with presenting a balanced view of the physical and human Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with tripods and geography of nations beyond the Iron Curtain. The mag- glass plates. In 1959, the magazine started publish- azine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the ing small photographs on its covers, later becoming Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately larger photographs. National Geographic photography downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage has quickly shifted to digital photography for both its of the Space Race, National Geographic focused on the magazine on paper and its website. In subsequent years, scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the magazine cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed the race’s connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, for a large 3

photograph taken from one of the month’s articles in- 7 Language editions side. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by sub- scribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectible back-issues. In 2006, National Geographic began an in- ternational photography competition with over eighteen countries participating. In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buy- ers and subscribers often complain that this practice de- creases the artistic value of the photographs for which Na- tional Geographic is world-renowned.

5.1 Gallery First Ukrainian National Geographic magazine presentation • Srirangam Temple, India (National Geographic Magazine November 1909) In 1995, National Geographic began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition. The maga- • Pyramid of the Niches, El Tajin,(National Geo- zine is currently published in many language editions graphic Magazine February 1913) around the world, including English on a worldwide basis, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, traditional and simpli- • Traditional butter making in Palestine,(National fied character Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Geographic Magazine March 1914) Estonian, Finnish, French, Georgian, German, Greek, • Spanish Gypsy (National Geographic Magazine Hebrew and an Orthodox Hebrew edition, Hungarian, March 1917) Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithua- nian, Norwegian, Polish, two Portuguese language edi- • Kathmandu Market (National Geographic Magazine tions, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, two Spanish October 1920) language editions, Swedish, Thai, and Turkish.

• Bulgarian Muslims from Rhodopes (National Geo- Recently launched local-language editions: Lithua- graphic Magazine October 1932) nian (October 2009), Arabic (October 2010, published in 15 countries across the Middle East and North Africa),[12] Estonian (October 2011), Georgian, Lat- vian and Mongolian (October 2012), Persian (November 6 Map supplements 2012), Ukrainian (March 2013, discontinued in January 2015),[13] and Azerbaijani (September 2014).[14] Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes pro- In April 2005, an Indonesian edition launched, published vides maps of the regions visited. by Gramedia Majalah. A Bulgarian edition of the mag- (originally the Cartographic azine published by a Sanoma Publishing joint venture Division) became a division of the National Geographic launched in November, 2005 and a Slovenian edition Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which ap- published by Rokus launched in May, 2006. In associ- peared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled ation with Trends Publications in Beijing and IDG Asia, The Western Theatre of War, served as a reference for National Geographic has been authorized for “copyright overseas military personnel and soldiers’ families alike.[9] cooperation” in China to publish the yellow border mag- On some occasions, the Society’s map archives have azine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the been used by the United States government in instances magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007 and where its own cartographic resources were limited.[10] another event on December 6, 2007 in Beijing also cel- President Franklin D. Roosevelt's White House map ebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.– room was filled with National Geographic maps. A Na- China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter. tional Geographic map of Europe is featured in the dis- A Serbian edition of National Geographic was launched plays of the Winston Churchill museum in London show- with the November 2006 issue in partnership with a joint ing Churchill’s markings at the Yalta Conference where venture of Sanoma and Gruner + Jahr. the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe. In contrast to the United States, where membership in the In 2001, National Geographic released an eight-CD- National Geographic Society was until recently the only ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December way to receive the magazine, the worldwide editions are 2000. Printed versions are also available from the Na- sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. tional Geographic website.[11] In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, 4 11 FURTHER READING

Turkey and Ukraine National Geographic paved the way [5] “National Geographic Magazines”. nationalgeo- for a subscription model in addition to traditional news- graphic.com. Retrieved November 14, 2011. stand sales. [6] Bryan, C.D.B, “The National Geographic Society, 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery,” Abrams Inc., New York, 1997 8 Awards [7] “Evolution of National Geographic Magazine” (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-13. On May 1, 2008, National Geographic won three National Magazine Awards—an award solely for its writ- [8] The Complete National Geographic. ISBN 978-1-4262- ten content—in the reporting category for an article by 9635-2. Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy; an award in the [9] “Maps of the News – December 2009 Edition”, photojournalism category for work by John Stanmeyer on Contours, The Official National Geographic malaria in the Third World; and a prestigious award for Maps Blog, posted December 17, 2009, ac- general excellence.[15] cessed at http://natgeomaps.blogspot.com/2009/12/ Between 1980 and 2011 the magazine has won a total of maps-of-news-december-2009-edition.html [16] 24 National Magazine Awards. [10] Grosvenor, Gilbert (1950). Map Services of the National In May 2006, 2007, and 2011 National Geographic mag- Geographic Society. Washington, D.C.: National Geo- azine won the American Society of Magazine Editors' graphic Society. A Map Cabinet containing over eighteen National Geographic maps has been presented to every General Excellence Award in the over two million circu- U.S. president since President Franklin D. Roosevelt. lation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and [11] http://maps.nationalgeographic.com/maps/ essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received print-collection-index.html the top-award from ASME—the Magazine of the Year [12] “Mahmoud, Abdullah (Sep 25, 2010)". Beirut- Award. nightlife.com. 2010-09-25. Retrieved 2014-07-13.

[13] National Geographic Press Room. “National Geographic 9 See also Launches Local-Language Edition in Iran – National Geographic Society Press Room (Nov. 20, 2012)". Press.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 2014-07-13. • Asian Geographic [14] National Geographic Press Room. “National Geographic • Australian Geographic and Garant Media Holding Introduce Local-Language Edition of National Geographic Magazine in Azerbaijan • Canadian Geographic and Géographica in Canada (Sep. 01, 2014)". Press.nationalgeographic.com. Re- trieved 2014-01-09. • Chinese National Geography (founded in 1949) [15] Pérez-Peña, Richard. “National Geographic Wins 3 • GEO, Germany Awards, Honored Beyond Photography”. The New York Times, May 2, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2010. • Vokrug sveta (Russian: Around the World) [16] “American Society of Magazine Editors database”. Mag- • John Patric, Noted writer for National Geographic azine.org. Retrieved 2014-07-13. during the 1930s and 1940s 11 Further reading 10 Notes • Roger M. Poole, Explorers House: National Geo- [1] “Masthead: National Geographic Magazine”. graphic and the World it Made, 2004; reprint, Pen- ngm.nationalgeographic.com. July 1, 2014. Archived guin Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-14-303593-0 from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014. • Stephanie L. Hawkins, American Iconographic: [2] “AAM: Total Circ for Consumer Magazines”. ab- “National Geographic,” Global Culture, and the cas3.auditedmedia.com. Alliance for Audited Media. De- Visual Imagination, University of Virginia Press, cember 31, 2013. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8139-2966-8, 264 pages. A 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014. scholarly study of the magazine’s rise as a cultural institution that uses the letters of its founders and [3] Celebrating 125 years its readers; argues that National Geographic encour- [4] “National Geographic Boilerplates”. National Geo- aged readers to question Western values and identify graphic. Retrieved 18 May 2012. with others. 5

• Moseley, W.G. 2005. “Reflecting on National Ge- ographic Magazine and Academic Geography: The September 2005 Special Issue on Africa” African Geographical Review. 24: 93–100.

12 External links

• Official website

• All the Magazine’s covers published since 1888 until the year 2000 6 13 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

13 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

13.1 Text

• National Geographic (magazine) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)?oldid=675252858 Contrib- utors: Roadrunner, Chuq, Nealmcb, Gdarin, Dcljr, Stan Shebs, Robbot, Postdlf, Ghormax, Timrollpickering, Davodd, DocWatson42, JamesHoadley, CaribDigita, Nutmegger, Discospinster, Pradiptaray, MCBastos, Bender235, JoeSmack, Smalljim, Arthena, Philip Cross, Snowolf, Kitch, Woohookitty, Dzordzm, Surfscuba, Graham87, Jmcc150, Ligulem, Keimzelle, Matt Deres, McPherson, Epitome83, Wave- length, RussBot, Chris Capoccia, Eleassar, Rjensen, Caiyu, American2, Reyk, AlexD, Teryx, SmackBot, Xkoalax, Reedy, InverseHyper- cube, Eskimbot, HeartofaDog, Steam5, Gilliam, Wlmg, Ppntori, Chris the speller, Neo-Jay, TheLeopard, Scwlong, Zone46, Cameron Ned- land, Gragox, Bigturtle, Dream out loud, Bdushaw, Ohconfucius, John, Gobonobo, Mgiganteus1, Makyen, Boomshadow, Peterbr~enwiki, Storm2005, Dr.K., P199, Andrwsc, Dean1970, Iridescent, J Di, Sam Li, Wafulz, Zeus1234, Nandyssy, Metnever, M.K, Skittleys, Ame- liorate!, Thijs!bot, Tyx, Edwardx, X201, Kaaveh Ahangar~enwiki, NERIUM, Luna Santin, Cjs2111, Spencer, JAnDbot, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Gabriel Kielland, Loonymonkey, Atorero, Talon Artaine, T55648L, STBot, NAHID, Rettetast, Ravichandar84, Wylve, 7free, CommonsDelinker, Nigholith, BobEnyart, Krbg3, Naniwako, Balthazarduju, Ghislainfun, Belovedfreak, Cometstyles, Blood Oath Bot, Idioma-bot, Funandtrvl, Hammersoft, Shortride, TheMindsEye, Jameslwoodward, AlnoktaBOT, Polarbear97, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Pahari Sahib, Slysplace, Jackfork, Jamelan, Amaraa mgl, VanBuren, Reginald Perrin, Hopelessshade, Calliopejen1, Hamster X, This, that and the other, Radon210, IdreamofJeanie, Aumnamahashiva, Florentino floro, Chris fardon, Squash Racket, Twinsday, ClueBot, Binkster- net, Zeerak88, Drmies, Piledhigheranddeeper, Diaa abdelmoneim, Morel, Ark25, Thehelpfulone, Mlaffs, Carlos28, XLinkBot, Good Ol- factory, Tar-ba-gan, Addbot, G0T0, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, A.k.a., Johnnyswords, KamikazeBot, Tadamson, , AnomieBOT, Billy Kid, IsleofPlan, Teamjenn, GrouchoBot, Nagkamali ,24أحمد.غامدي. ,Jo3sampl, Floresnonato, Hunnjazal, Citation bot, Half past sa trigo, Grósznyó, FrescoBot, Tobby72, JaimeABM, InspectorSands, HamburgerRadio, Robburnsefc, Genadysoson, I dream of horses, Bcnh8791, Emika22, Millertheinc, Aaresl, Lotje, Polly Ticker, Raellerby, MAXXX-309, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Brycemilton, Some- body500, Rayukk, Evanh2008, Harsh jindal, Cloverleaf19, Bollyjeff, VWBot, Wingman4l7, Accotink2, Korruski, GermanJoe, Мурад 97, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, BarrelProof, El7r, Braincricket, Rezabot, Helpful Pixie Bot, Little1brother, BG19bot, Starship.paint, Wotloni1987, Xelaimpc, Nicat49, Chuyalex, Royalfalcon12, Amin Abak, ChrisGualtieri, Armaghanje, Dieraka, ALH, Mogism, Mehrdad Rafiei, Epicgenius, SucreRouge, Stefania Martorelli, Genom by, OccultZone, Smoothandshifty, Filedelinkerbot, Wikibirds11, Anderswarr, Lyndonbaines, ProprioMe OW and Anonymous: 202

13.2 Images

• File:1915NatGeog.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/1915NatGeog.jpg License: Public domain Con- tributors: Scanned by Infrogmation from a magazine in his own collection and uploaded to en:Wikipedia on 13:03, 14 January 2004. Original artist: National Geographic Magazine • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/FirstUkrNatGeo_ IMGP9989-1.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ilya • File:Natgeologo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: en:User:Alex43223 self made Original artist: en:User:Alex43223 • File:National_Geographic_Magazine_Logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/National_ Geographic_Magazine_Logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rayukk • File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist: Tkgd2007 • File:Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG License: Public do- main Contributors: From London to Australia by Aeroplane by Sir Ross Smith, The National Geographic Magazine, March 1921 Original artist: Autochrome by Helen Messinger Murdoch

13.3 Content license

• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0