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The Lectotypification of Prunus Jamasakura and Allied Native

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Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 45(4), pp. 147–164, November 22, 2019 The Lectotypification of Prunus jamasakura and Allied Native Species of Cerasus sect. Sargentiella in Japan (Rosaceae—Prunoideae) Hideaki Ohba1 and Shinobu Akiyama2,* 1 Department of Botany, the University Museum, the University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] (Received 20 August 2019; accepted 25 September 2019) Abstract The names of Prunus fimbriisepala Nakai, P. fimbriisepala Nakai var. grandiflora Nakai, P. idzuensis Nakai, P. jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz., P. jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. [unranked] α. elegans Koidz. [unranked] c. compta Koidz., P. jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. [unranked] β. speciosa Koidz., P. occultans Nakai, P. pseudocersus Lindl. var. β. borealis Makino, P. pseudocerasus Lindl. [var.] α. spontanea Maxim., P. pseudocerasus Lindl. var. α. jamasakura (Siebold) Makino subvar. b. pubescens Makino, P. pseudocerasus Lind. [var.] α. spontanea Maxim. subvar. humilis Makino, P. rotundipetala Nakai, P. verecunda (Koidz.) Koehne var. inter- media Nakai are lectotypified. Two new combinations, Cerasus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. f. pendula (Sugim.) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama and C. jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. f. purpureorubra (T. Kawasaki) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama, are proposed. Nomenclatorial notes to explain the lectotypi- fication are presented. Key words: Cerasus, Jamasakura, Japanese cherry, lectotypification, Prunus, Yama-zakura. The Japanese native species of cherry, genus the species concerned here and recognized two Cerasus sect. Sargentiella (sensu Kawasaki, varieties, α. floribus simplicibus ... and β. floribus 1991) were studied by many workers since pre- plenis maximis albis ... Maximowicz (1883) rec- Linnean times (Kæmpfer, 1712). Siebold (1830) ognized P. pseudocerasus Lindl. with three vari- listed three species of Cerasus under the genus eties, α. spontanea (syn.: P. jamasakura Siebold), Prunus: P. donarium with the Japanese name β. hortensis (syn.: P. donarium Siebold), and γ. ‘Sakura,’ P. jamasakura, and P. itosakura with the sieboldii. Japanese name ‘Itosakura’. The first two now Makino (1908) published varieties α. Jama- belong to Cerasus sect. Sargentiella and the last sakura (Siebold) Makino, β. borealis Makino, γ. one to sect. Microcalymma (Kawasaki, 1991). serrulata (Lindl.) Makino, and four subvarieties Prunus itosakura was accompanied by a short under P. pseudocerasus Lindl. For var. α. jama- description, but P. donarium and P. jamasakura sakura subvar. a. glabra, Makino prepared a had no botanical descriptions, diagnoses, illustra- detailed description over three pages long and a tions, or references. note on miscellaneous matters. Lindley (1825) described P. pseudocerasus Koidzumi (1911) regarded P. jamasakura based on an imported cherry from China. Siebold Siebold [nom. nud.] as a species consisting of and Zuccarini (1845, p. 123) adopted the name to four infraspecific taxa, i.e. [unranked] α. elegans Koidz. (with [unranked] a. glabra Koidz. includ- © 2019 National Museum of Nature and Science ing f. hortensis Koidz., [unranked] b. pubescens 148 Hideaki Ohba and Shinobu Akiyama Koidz., [unranked] c. compta Koidz., and accepted in both national and regional floras of [unranked] d. parvifolia Koidz.), [unranked] β. Japan (e.g. Hara, 1950; Ohwi, 1953, 1965; Ohba speciosa Koidz. (with var. nobilis Koidz. includ- 1989, 2001). ing [unranked] 1. serrulata Koidz. and [unranked] 2. donarium Koidz.), [unranked] γ. Nomenclature and typification of Prunus borealis Koidz. (with f. hortensis Koidz.), and jamasakura Siebold [unranked] δ. verecunda Koidz. (Table 1). He When Siebold (1830) published Prunus jama- cited P. pseudocerasus in the synonymy of P. sakura and P. donarium, he gave no descriptions, jamasakura as ‘non Lindl.’ He also cited Maki- diagnoses, illustrations, or references, and cited no’s treatment in 1908, i.e. P. pseudocerasus var. no voucher specimens. They were nomenclatori- α. jamasakura [as ‘yamasakura’] subvar. a. gla- ally invalid names. bra, in the synonymy of α. elegans a. glabra. When Maximowicz (1883) proposed P. pseu- Koidzumi’s [unranked] α. elegans [unranked] a. docerasus Lindl. [var.] α. spontanea, he wrote: glabra is recognized as [unranked] jamasakura ‘glabra, flores 25 mm. diametro’ against ‘glabra, [unranked] jamasakura under the present Inter- flores diam. 30 mm vel ultra, folia solito grandius national Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, paucisque serrata’ for β. hortensis, and ‘juventute and plants (Shenzhen Code) (Turland et al., villosa tum glabrata, ceterum ut in β.’ for γ. 2018). sieboldi. These sentences are apparently diagno- Koidzumi (1913) revised all species including ses to distinguish these varieties and are regarded varieties and subvarieties then known from as valid and effective publication according to Japan. Though he adopted P. donarium Siebold the present code of nomenclature (see ICN Art. (nom. nud.) instead of P. jamasakura Siebold, his 38.1; infraspecific taxa). Although Maximowicz taxonomic scheme contributed much to the cited no specimens of α. spontanea, he cited P. delimitation of Japanese Cerasus (under Prunus) jamasakura Siebold (nom. nud.) in the syno- jamasakura and allied species, i.e. Cerasus nymy. Therefore, the original material of P. jamasakura, C. leveilleana, C. speciosa, and C. jamasakura Siebold is considered to be the origi- sargentii. nal material of P. pseudocerasus Lindl. [var.] α. Wilson (1916) adopted P. serrulata Lindl. as spontanea. Four specimens were recognized as the specific name and included the present C. original material of P. jamasakura (Akiyama et jamasakura, C. leveilleana, and S. sargentii; al., 2014). Two of them are deposited in L, and those species were treated as varieties spontanea the other two, kept by Siebold himself, are now (Maxim.) E.H.Wilson, pubescens (Makino) in MAK. Although there is no evidence on the E.H.Wilson, and sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) two specimens at L that they were examined by E.H.Wilson, respectively. He considered Cerasus Maximowicz, Maximowicz’s annotations are on speciosa to be a form of P. lannesiana (Carrière) some specimens in L (see e.g. Rhododendron E.H.Wilson, i.e. f. albida (Makino) E.H.Wilson. macrosepalum Maxim., L0367358). It is there- Ingram (1925, 29) recognized Cerasus (as fore reasonable to consider that Maximowicz Prunus) sargentii and P. speciosa as species was able to examine these four specimens. One independent from C. jamasakura (as P. mutabilis of them, L0834829 in L, is suitable for the lecto- Miyoshi), but for C. leveilleana he refrained type because it was collected by Siebold and from deciding its taxonomic status, owing to the named by him ‘Jama Sakura [meaning ‘wild uncertainty of the identity and variation. For C. cherry’ in Japanese].’ Here we designate this speciosa, Kuitert (1999) informally regarded it as specimen, L0834829 (L), as the lectotype of P. the variety of P. serrulata. pseudocerasus var. spontanea Maxim. The treatment recognizing four species in the Makino (1908) published the new combination Japanese sect. Sargentiella have been widely P. pseudocerasus Lindl. var. jamasakura Lectotypification of Prunus jamasakura and Allied Native Species in Japan Table 1. Infraspecific taxa of Prunus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. published by Koidzumi (1911) Present treatment Present Japanese Infraspecific taxon 11) Infraspecific taxon 22) Variety Forma infraspecific taxa 33) Japanese name under Cerasus name α. elegans Koidz. a. glabra (Makino) Yamasakura jamasakura (Siebold Yama-zakura Koidz. ex Koidz.) H.Ohba hortensis (Maxim.) Satosakura Koidz.4) b. pubescens (Makino) Okuyamasakura leveilleana (Koehne) Kasumi-zakura Koidz. H.Ohba c. compta Koidz. Akatsuki-sakura ×compta (Koidz.) Kasumi-ezo-zakura H.Ohba hortensis (Maxim.) Satosakura Koidz.4) d. parvifolia (Matsum.) Kohasakura Koidz.5) β. speciosa Koidz. Ohyamasakura speciosa (Koidz.) Oshima-zakura H.Ohba nobilis Koidz. Sato-sakura 1. serrulata Koidz. 2. donarium Koidz. γ. borealis (Makino) Akebonosakura sargentii (Rehder) Oyama-zakura Koidz. H.Ohba hortensis Koidz.4) δ. verecunda Koidz. Kasumisakura leveilleana (Koehne) Kasumi-zakura H.Ohba 1) Infraspecific taxon 1 is nomenclatorially unranked, but it is higher than infraspecific taxon 2 and variety. 2) Infraspecific taxon 2 is nomenclatorially unranked. It is uncertain whether it is higher than variety or not. 3) Infraspecific taxon 3 is nomenclatorially unranked. It is lower than variety. It is uncertain whether it is higher than form or not. 4) The identity of f. hortensis will be treated in the coming paper. 5) This is a horticultural taxon. 149 150 Hideaki Ohba and Shinobu Akiyama (Siebold) Makino with two subvarieties, a. gla- as P. jamasakura [unranked] jamasakura bra Makino and b. pubescens Makino. In the [unranked] jamasakura in the present code of treatment Makino gave the synonymy and ICN. Koidzumi’s three additional infraspecific description for var. jamasakura subvar. glabra taxa, [unranked] β, [unranked] γ, and [unranked] but not for var. jamasakura. As was the custom δ (Koidzumi, 1911), are also regarded as natu- in those days, subvar. glabra is regarded as sub- rally occurring, having distinguishing character- var. jamasakura according to the present ICN istics and distinct ranges of distribution (Ohba, (Turland et al., 2018; Art. 26.1). The name of any 2001). Lectotypes for these three names with infraspecific taxon that includes the
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    Fragile Japanese Cherry tree The controlled soothing A STORY Key points The Japanese cherry tree | prunus serrulata, Rosaceae An active plant cell A Japanese symbol for life and death DevelopedTonalité to deliver the highest Glorified by poets for the moving beauty of its flowering beauty and by Noteamount de oftête original ? active molecules. samourais as their mystic symbol since the 17th century, the Japanese Cherry NoteA high de tech cœur natural ? ingredient tree has become very popular among Japanase. Indeed the abundant flowering Created to preserve and improve the of those cherry trees coming from the East of Asia, called Hanami, is celebrated Noteidentity de and fond the ? benefits of a natural every year in spring time by the population who can enjoy the beautiful lands- product. capes of trees bending under the weight of white to pink flowers (according to cultivars). That symbolic tree can be found in all the Japanese litterature, from An elemental soothing action Brings a soothing sensation to skin novels written during Shoguns time to contemporary mangas. Because skin can be irritated PRODUCT BENEFITS at any time by several Soothing environmental factors or Soothing Anti oxidant be intolerant a short time, Calming, decreases irritations Slows down general cell oxidation, by increasing the level of skin reduces excessive production of it is necessary to limit the tolerance. free radicals. uncomfortable sensations that it creates while maintaining its part as a barrier. In order to never feel we have skin. To be used in skincare or make-up products such as cream, fluid, serum, balm, lotion, milk, foundation, concealer, etc.
  • THE BETTER ORIENTAL CHERRIES Is Always Much Interest in the Oriental Flowering Cherries at This Time Therethroughout the Eastern United States

    THE BETTER ORIENTAL CHERRIES Is Always Much Interest in the Oriental Flowering Cherries at This Time Therethroughout the Eastern United States

    ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR I~1FORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 10 AYRIL 28, I9aO NUMBER 3 THE BETTER ORIENTAL CHERRIES is always much interest in the oriental flowering cherries at this time THEREthroughout the eastern United States. In Washington, l’hiladelphia, New York and other eastern cities extensive plantings of them can be seen in late April when they first burst into bloom, for the flowers have the most desirable trait of appearing before the leaves (in the case of most single flowered forms) or with the leaves in the case of the double flowered forms. Certainly in no cases are the flowers hidden by the fohage! In New England there are some that are perfectly hardy, some that are hardy in all but the most severe winters, and others which should not be grown at all, either because they are tender, or be- cause they are similar in flower to some of the better species and varieties. The Arnold Arboretum has been responsible for the introduction of many of these oriental trees and has planted numerous varieties over the years. Charles Sprague Sargent, Ernest Henry Wilson and others have been outstanding in the study and introduction of many of these plants, so it may prove helpful to gar- deners in New England to review some information about these plants at this t~me, as they come into flower. The Sargent Cherry is the tallest of all, being a standard tree up to 75 feet in height, although m this country few trees have exceeded 50 feet.
  • 51. CERASUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., Ed. 4, [300]

    51. CERASUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., Ed. 4, [300]

    Flora of China 9: 404–420. 2003. 51. CERASUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [300]. 1754. 樱属 ying shu Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Bruce Bartholomew Padellus Vassilczenko. Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds 1 or 3, lateral buds flower buds, central bud a leaf bud; ter- minal winter buds present. Stipules soon caducous, margin serrulate, teeth often gland-tipped. Leaves simple, alternate or fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 apical nectaries or nectaries sometimes at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate, rarely serrulate. Inflorescences axillary, fasciculate-corymbose or 1- or 2-flow- ered, base often with an involucre formed by floral bud scales. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves, pedicellate, with persistent scales or conspicuous bracts. Hypanthium campanulate or tubular. Sepals 5, reflexed or erect. Petals 5, white or pink. Sta- mens 15–50, inserted on or near rim of hypanthium. Carpel 1. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, hairy or glabrous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated, hairy or glabrous; stigma emarginate. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove. Mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp globose to ovoid, smooth or ± rugose. About 150 species: temperate Asia, Europe, North America; 44 species (30 endemic, five introduced) in China. The Himalayan species Cerasus rufa (J. D. Hooker) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li (Prunus rufa J. D. Hooker) was reported from Xizang by both T. T. Yu et al. (Fl. Xizang. 2: 693. 1985) and T. T. Yu & C.