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PARKS 25.2 Low Resolution Download PARKS The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation Developing capacity for a protected planet Issue 25.2 November 2019 IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES IUCN defines a protected area as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effecve means, to achieve the long‐term conservaon of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The definion is expanded by six management categories natural resource management and where low-level non- (one with a sub‐division), summarized below. industrial natural resource use compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims. Ia Strict nature reserve: Strictly protected for biodiversity and also possibly geological/ geomorphological features, where The category should be based around the primary human visitation, use and impacts are controlled and management objecve(s), which should apply to at least limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. three‐quarters of the protected area – the 75 per cent rule. Ib Wilderness area: Usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant human The management categories are applied with a typology of habitation, protected and managed to preserve their natural governance types – a descripon of who holds authority and condition. responsibility for the protected area. II National park: Large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species IUCN defines four governance types. and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and Governance by government: Federal or national ministry/ culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, agency in charge; sub-national ministry/agency in charge; recreational and visitor opportunities. government-delegated management (e.g. to NGO) III Natural monument or feature: Areas set aside to protect a Shared governance: Collaborative management (various specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea degrees of influence); joint management (pluralist mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, management board; transboundary management (various or a living feature such as an ancient grove. levels across international borders) IV Habitat/species management area: Areas to protect Private governance: By individual owner; by non-profit particular species or habitats, where management reflects organisations (NGOs, universities, cooperatives); by for- this priority. Many will need regular, active interventions to profit organsations (individuals or corporate) meet the needs of particular species or habitats, but this is Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities: not a requirement of the category. Indigenous peoples’ conserved areas and territories; V Protected landscape or seascape: Where the interaction of community conserved areas – declared and run by local people and nature over time has produced a distinct communities character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values. VI Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources: Areas which conserve ecosystems, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. Generally large, mainly in a natural condition, with a proportion under sustainable For more informaon on the IUCN definion, categories and governance type see the 2008 Guidelines for applying protected area management categories which can be downloaded at: www.iucn.org/pa_categories IUCN WCPA’S BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, nongovernmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ PARKS is published electronically twice a year by IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas. For more informaon see: parksjournal.com PARKS is published to strengthen internaonal collaboraon in protected area development and management by: exchanging informaon on praccal management issues, especially learning from case studies of applied ideas; serving as a global forum for discussing new and emerging issues that relate to protected areas; promong understanding of the values and benefits derived from protected areas to communies, visitors, business etc; ensuring that protected areas fulfill their primary role in nature conservaon while addressing crical issues such as ecologically sustainable development, social jusce and climate change adaptaon and migaon; changing and improving protected area support and behaviour through use of informaon provided in the journal; and promong IUCN’s work on protected areas. Managing Editor: Marc Hockings, Australia: Emeritus Professor, University of Queensland; IUCN WCPA Vice‐Chair for Science and Management of Protected Areas; Honorary Fellow, UNEP‐World Conservaon Monitoring Centre Co‐Editors: Helen Newing, Sarah Casson, Bas Verschuuren, Olivier Chassot, John Waithaka; Stascal co‐editor Allan Lisle Editorial Board Members (Endangered Species Management Specialist), IUCN Wildlife Instute of India; Coordinator of IUCN's Trevor Sandwith, Switzerland: Director, IUCN Global Naonal Commiee in India Protected Areas Programme Dr Helen Newing, UK: Formerly of the Durrell Instute Dr Tom Brooks, Switzerland: Head, IUCN Science & of Conservaon and Ecology (DICE), University of Knowledge Unit Kent Dr Kent Redford, USA: Former Director of the Wildlife IUCN‐WCPA Steering Commiee Members Conservaon Society (WCS) Instute and Vice Cyril Komos, USA: Vice President for Policy, WILD President, Conservaon Strategies at the WCS in Foundaon; IUCN WCPA Vice‐Chair for World New York; principal at Archipelago Consulng Heritage Sue Stolton, UK: Partner Equilibrium Research, IUCN Dr Kathy MacKinnon, UK: Chair IUCN WCPA; Former WCPA Lead Biodiversity Specialist at the World Bank Dr Bas Verschuuren, The Netherlands: Associate Dr John Waithaka, Kenya: Regional Vice‐Chair for Researcher: Department of Sociology of Eastern and Southern Africa Development and Change, Wageningen University ; Co‐Chair, IUCN WCPA Specialist Group on Cultural External Experts and Spiritual Values of Protected Areas Dr Ernesto Enkerlin Hoeflich, Mexico: Dean for Dr Eduard Müller, Costa Rica: Rector, Universidad para Sustainable Development at Monterrey Tech; former la Cooperación Internacional President of the Naonal Commission on Natural Sarah Casson, USA: WILD Foundaon; IUCN WCPA Protected Areas of Mexico, former Chair of IUCN Wilderness Specialist Group Manager WCPA Olivier Chassot, Costa Rica: Execuve Director, Nikita (Nik) Lopoukhine, Canada: Former Director MigraMar General of Naonal Parks, Parks Canada; former Chair of IUCN WCPA Thanks to: Mariart for layout advice and front cover Dr Thora Amend, Peru: Advisor for protected areas and picture production. Patricia Odio Yglesias and Sarah people in development contexts; member of IUCN's LaBrasca for abstract translations. Caroline Snow for WCPA, TILCEPA and Protected Landscape Task Force proofreading. And to all the reviewers who so Professor B.C. Choudhury, India: Rered Scienst diligently helped in the production of this issue. The designation of geographical entities in this journal, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. IUCN does not take any responsibility for errors or omissions occurring in the translations in this document whose original version is in English. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2019 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN WCPA (2019). PARKS. The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation, Volume 25.2, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISSN: ISSN 2411-2119 (Online), ISSN 0960-233X (Print) DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2019.PARKS-25-2en Cover photo: Global Partnership on Aichi Target 11 Photo by
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