Aeromonas Veronii Biovar Sobria Gastoenteritis: a Case Report
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Delineation of Aeromonas Hydrophila Pathotypes by Dectection of Putative Virulence Factors Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and N
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses Biology & Physics Summer 7-20-2015 Delineation of Aeromonas hydrophila Pathotypes by Dectection of Putative Virulence Factors using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Nematode Challenge Assay John Metz Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/integrbiol_etd Part of the Integrative Biology Commons Recommended Citation Metz, John, "Delineation of Aeromonas hydrophila Pathotypes by Dectection of Putative Virulence Factors using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Nematode Challenge Assay" (2015). Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses. Paper 7. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology & Physics at DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Delineation of Aeromonas hydrophila Pathotypes by Detection of Putative Virulence Factors using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Nematode Challenge Assay John Michael Metz Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Integrative Biology Thesis Advisor: Donald J. McGarey, Ph.D Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Kennesaw State University ABSTRACT Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative, bacterial pathogen of humans and other vertebrates. Human diseases caused by A. hydrophila range from mild gastroenteritis to soft tissue infections including cellulitis and acute necrotizing fasciitis. When seen in fish it causes dermal ulcers and fatal septicemia, which are detrimental to aquaculture stocks and has major economic impact to the industry. -
Experimental Infection of Aeromonas Hydrophila in Pangasius J Sarker1, MAR Faruk*
Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 392-399, 2016 ISSN: 1017 - 8139 Experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in pangasius J Sarker1, MAR Faruk* Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh, 1Department of Aquaculture, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh Abstract Experimental infections of Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were studied. Five different challenge routes included intraperitoneal (IP) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, oral administration, bath and agar implantation were used with different preparations of the bacteria to infect fish. The challenge experiments were continued for 15 days. A challenge dose of 4.6×106 colony forming unit (cfu) fish-1 was used for IP and IM injection and oral administration method. Generally, IP route was found more effective for infecting and reproducing clinical signs in fish that caused 100% mortality at the end of challenge. IM injection, oral and bath administration routes were also found effective for infecting and reproducing the clinical signs in fish to some extent. Agar implantation with fresh colonies of bacteria also caused 100% mortality of challenged fish very quickly with no visible clinical signs in fish. The major clinical signs of challenged fish included reddening around eyes and mouth, bilateral exophthalmia, hemorrhage and ulceration at fin bases and fin erosion. Key words: Experimental infection, Aeromonas hydrophila, pangasius Progressive Agriculturists. All rights reserve *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Introduction Bacterial diseases are the most common infectious fishes in different locations of Bangladesh (Rahman problem of commercial fish farms causing much and Chowdhury, 1996; Sarker et al., 2000; Alam, mortality. Among the bacterial genera, Aeromonas spp. -
A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches
microorganisms Review A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches Jie Ma 1,2 , Timothy J. Bruce 1,2 , Evan M. Jones 1,2 and Kenneth D. Cain 1,2,* 1 Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (T.J.B.); [email protected] (E.M.J.) 2 Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 14 November 2019; Published: 16 November 2019 Abstract: Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination efforts contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability in global aquaculture. Most licensed fish vaccines have traditionally been inactivated microorganisms that were formulated with adjuvants and delivered through immersion or injection routes. Live vaccines are more efficacious, as they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus having a greater potential to be administered via oral or immersion routes. Modern vaccine technology has targeted specific pathogen components, and vaccines developed using such approaches may include subunit, or recombinant, DNA/RNA particle vaccines. These advanced technologies have been developed globally and appear to induce greater levels of immunity than traditional fish vaccines. Advanced technologies have shown great promise for the future of aquaculture vaccines and will provide health benefits and enhanced economic potential for producers. This review describes the use of conventional aquaculture vaccines and provides an overview of current molecular approaches and strategies that are promising for new aquaculture vaccine development. -
An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity
microorganisms Review An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity Ana Fernández-Bravo and Maria José Figueras * Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: mariajose.fi[email protected]; Tel.: +34-97-775-9321; Fax: +34-97-775-9322 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 14 January 2020; Published: 17 January 2020 Abstract: The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). -
Aeromonas Hydrophila
P.O. Box 131375, Bryanston, 2074 Ground Floor, Block 5 Bryanston Gate, Main Road Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa www.thistle.co.za Tel: +27 (011) 463-3260 Fax: +27 (011) 463-3036 OR + 27 (0) 86-538-4484 e-mail : [email protected] Please read this section first The HPCSA and the Med Tech Society have confirmed that this clinical case study, plus your routine review of your EQA reports from Thistle QA, should be documented as a “Journal Club” activity. This means that you must record those attending for CEU purposes. Thistle will not issue a certificate to cover these activities, nor send out “correct” answers to the CEU questions at the end of this case study. The Thistle QA CEU No is: MT00025. Each attendee should claim THREE CEU points for completing this Quality Control Journal Club exercise, and retain a copy of the relevant Thistle QA Participation Certificate as proof of registration on a Thistle QA EQA. MICROBIOLOGY LEGEND CYCLE 28 – ORGANISM 3 Aeromonas hydrophila Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium, mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can also be found in fresh, salt, marine, estuarine, chlorinated, and un-chlorinated water. Aeromonas hydrophila can survive in aerobic and anaerobic environments. This bacterium can digest materials such as gelatin, and hemoglobin. This bacterium is the most well known of the six species of Aeromonas. It is also highly resistant to multiple medications. Aeromonas hydrophila is resistant to chlorine, refrigeration and cold temperatures. Structure Aeromonas hydrophila are Gram-negative straight rods with rounded ends (bacilli to coccibacilli shape) usually from 0.3 to 1 µm in width, and 1 to 3 µm in length. -
Comparative Pathogenomics of Aeromonas Veronii from Pigs in South Africa: Dominance of the Novel ST657 Clone
microorganisms Article Comparative Pathogenomics of Aeromonas veronii from Pigs in South Africa: Dominance of the Novel ST657 Clone Yogandree Ramsamy 1,2,3,* , Koleka P. Mlisana 2, Daniel G. Amoako 3 , Akebe Luther King Abia 3 , Mushal Allam 4 , Arshad Ismail 4 , Ravesh Singh 1,2 and Sabiha Y. Essack 3 1 Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; [email protected] 2 National Health Laboratory Service, Durban 4001, South Africa; [email protected] 3 Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; [email protected] (D.G.A.); [email protected] (A.L.K.A.); [email protected] (S.Y.E.) 4 Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (A.I.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 November 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 16 December 2020 Abstract: The pathogenomics of carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) isolates recovered from pigs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was explored by whole genome sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomic functional annotation revealed a vast array of similar central networks (metabolic, cellular, and biochemical). The pan-genome analysis showed that the isolates formed a total of 4349 orthologous gene clusters, 4296 of which were shared; no unique clusters were observed. All the isolates had similar resistance phenotypes, which corroborated their chromosomally mediated resistome (blaCPHA3 and blaOXA-12) and belonged to a novel sequence type, ST657 (a satellite clone). -
Aeromonas Salmonicida Ssp. Salmonicida Lacking Pigment Production, Isolated from Farmed Salmonids in Finland
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published April 29 Dis. aquat. Org. NOTE Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida lacking pigment production, isolated from farmed salmonids in Finland Tom Wiklund, Lars Lonnstrom, Hillevi Niiranen Institute of Parasitology. Abo Akademi University. BioCity. Artillerig. 6, SF-20520 Abo. Finland ABSTRACT: Strains of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmoni- salrnonicida ssp. masoucida, and several isolates not cida lacking pigment production were isolated from brown assigned to any of the valid subspecies, trout Salmo trutta m. lacustris and sea trout S. trutta m. trutta Recently a fourth subspecies, A. salmonicida ssp. cultivated in fresh water in south Finland. The bacteria iso- lated showed only minor deviations in biochen~icalcharacter- smithid, which readily produce the lstics compared to 2 strains of A. sillmonicjda ssp. salmoniclda pigment, was proposed by Austin et al. (1989). and the type strain of A. saln~onicjdassp. salmoniclda (NCMB According to 'Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bac- 1102). Several characters differed when compared to the type teriology' (Popoff 1984) the production of brown pig- strain of A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes (NCMB 1110). In challenge experiments, the strain tested was highly patho- ment is one of the 9 key characteristics in separating genic to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. ssp. salmonicida from 'atypical' strains (Table 1). The present paper, however, describes strains of Aero- Different forms of Aeromonas salmonicjda are fre- rnonas salrnonicida ssp. salmonicida lacking pigment quently isolated from diseased salmonids as well as production. from non-salmonids (Wichardt 1983, Bohm et al. 1986, During routine examination of diseased farmed fish Wiklund 1990).Traditionally A. salmonicida has been in our laboratory in 1991, non-pigmented variants of divided into typical strains, that is, ssp. -
Contagious Antibiotic Resistance: Plasmid Transfer Among Bacterial Residents Of
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.375964; this version posted November 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Contagious Antibiotic Resistance: Plasmid Transfer Among Bacterial Residents of 2 the Zebrafish Gut. 3 4 Wesley Loftie-Eaton1,2, Angela Crabtree1, David Perry1, Jack Millstein1,2, Barrie 5 Robinson1,2, Larry Forney1,2 and Eva Top1,2 # 6 7 1Department of Biological Sciences, 2Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies 8 (IBEST), University of Idaho, PO Box 443051, Moscow, Idaho, USA. Phone: +1-208-885- 9 8858; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 208-885-7905 10 # Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Bioinformatics 11 and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, PO Box 443051, Moscow, Idaho, 12 USA. Phone: +1-208-885-5015; Email: [email protected]; Fax: 208-885-7905 13 14 15 Running title: Plasmid transfer in the zebrafish gut microbiome 16 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.375964; this version posted November 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 17 Abstract 18 By characterizing the trajectories of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in bacterial 19 communities such as the gut microbiome, we will better understand the factors that 20 influence this spread of resistance. -
Salmonicida from Aeromonas Bestiarum
RESEARCH ARTICLE INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY (2005) 8:259-269 www.im.microbios.org Antonio J. Martínez-Murcia1* Phenotypic, genotypic, and Lara Soler2 Maria José Saavedra1,3 phylogenetic discrepancies Matilde R. Chacón Josep Guarro2 to differentiate Aeromonas Erko Stackebrandt4 2 salmonicida from María José Figueras Aeromonas bestiarum 1Molecular Diagnostics Center, and Univ. Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain 2Microbiology Unit, Summary. The taxonomy of the “Aeromonas hydrophila” complex (compris- Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences, ing the species A. hydrophila, A. bestiarum, A. salmonicida, and A. popoffii) has Univ. Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain been controversial, particularly the relationship between the two relevant fish 3Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, pathogens A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum. In fact, none of the biochemical tests CECAV-Univ. of Trás-os-Montes evaluated in the present study were able to separate these two species. One hun- e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal dred and sixteen strains belonging to the four species of this complex were iden- 4DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von tified by 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen Sequencing of the 16S rDNA and cluster analysis of the 16S–23S intergenic GmbH, Braunschwieg, Germany spacer region (ISR)-RFLP in selected strains of A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum indicated that the two species may share extremely conserved ribosomal operons and demonstrated that, due to an extremely high degree of sequence conserva- tion, 16S rDNA cannot be used to differentiate these two closely related species. Moreover, DNA–DNA hybridization similarity between the type strains of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and A. bestiarum was 75.6 %, suggesting that Received 8 September 2005 they may represent a single taxon. -
Multicenter Evaluation Supports Accuracy of the Beckman Coulter
Multicenter Evaluation Supports Accuracy of the Beckman Coulter Gram-Negative Identification Panel ECCMID 2016 with Improved Database for Clinically Significant Bacteria Hindler J1, Lewinksi, M, Schreckenberger P2, Beck C3, Nothaft D3, Bobolis J3, Carpenter D3, Mann L, Madriaga OM3, Wong T3, Smoot L3 1UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 2Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, and 3Beckman Coulter Microbiology, West Sacramento, CA INTRODUCTION METHODS (Continued) RESULTS (Continued) Incorrect Results (Table 3) A multicenter study was performed to evaluate the performance of the • MicroScan Dried Gram-negative Identification panels were assessed at Fermenter Results (Table 2) There were 8 incorrect results out of a total of 609 clinical and stock MicroScan Gram-negative Identification (NID) panels’ updated organism 16-18 hours. If any of the following criteria were met, reagents were Fermenters were identified correctly 99.2% (417/420) and only 3 isolates. database and revised performance matrix on the WalkAway system and the added to the VP, IND, NIT, and TDA tests and the results reported: isolates generated an incorrect identification. autoSCAN-4 instrument. • GLU, SUC, or SOR were positive Table 2. Fermenter Total Performance Table 3. Total Isolates Incorrectly Identified • ARG and OF/G were positive Reference Identification NID Panel Identification The Gram-negative organism database was revised and includes an • ARG and CET were positive B. cepacia complex 85.92% additional 39 new taxa – 22 fermentative and 17 non-fermentative • LYS or ORN were positive Achromobacter species R. pickettii 10.23% Correct ID (with organisms – along with updated nomenclature. A multicenter study was Correct ID Incorrect ID B. -
Isolation of Aeromonas Species from Clinical Sources
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.25.11.970 on 1 November 1972. Downloaded from J. clin. Path., 1972, 25, 970-975 Isolation of Aeromonas species from clinical sources A. W. McCRACKEN AND R. BARKLEY From the Division of Microbial Pathology, Department ofPathology, The University of Texas Medical School, San Antonio, Texas SYNOPSIS In a period of one year, in a general hospital, Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 13 patients and Aeromonas shigelloides from one patient. Eight of the patients had superficial infections, two had urinary tract infections, and four had bacteriaemia. The association of Aeromonas bac- teriaemia with cirrhosis of the liver and malignant disease, which has been previously reported, was observed in three of the four bacteriaemic patients. The key to laboratory diagnosis of this genus is the routine performance of the oxidase test in bacteriological procedures for the identification of Gram-negative bacilli. Organisms belonging to the genus Aeromonas are other exotic Gram-negative bacteria, Aeromonas is seldom associated with human infections. Never- being isolated with increasing frequency from clinical theless, there are indications from sources in the sources (von Graevenitz and Mensch, 1968; Cooper United States and Australia that, in common with and Brown, 1968). During the period January 1971 'Present address: Department of Pathology, University of Texas to January 1972 Aeromonas hydrophila was isolatedby copyright. Medical School at Houston, Texas Medical Center,Houston, Texas. from 13 patients in Bexar County Hospital, San Received for publication 21 August 1972. Antonio, Texas. Four of these patients had Aero- Case Patient Clinical Diagnosis Source of Associated Concurrent Antibiotics Treatment Clinical No. -
Life in the Cold Biosphere: the Ecology of Psychrophile
Life in the cold biosphere: The ecology of psychrophile communities, genomes, and genes Jeff Shovlowsky Bowman A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Jody W. Deming, Chair John A. Baross Virginia E. Armbrust Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Oceanography i © Copyright 2014 Jeff Shovlowsky Bowman ii Statement of Work This thesis includes previously published and submitted work (Chapters 2−4, Appendix 1). The concept for Chapter 3 and Appendix 1 came from a proposal by JWD to NSF PLR (0908724). The remaining chapters and appendices were conceived and designed by JSB. JSB performed the analysis and writing for all chapters with guidance and editing from JWD and co- authors as listed in the citation for each chapter (see individual chapters). iii Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank Jody Deming for her patience and guidance through the many ups and downs of this dissertation, and all the opportunities for fieldwork and collaboration. The members of my committee, Drs. John Baross, Ginger Armbrust, Bob Morris, Seelye Martin, Julian Sachs, and Dale Winebrenner provided valuable additional guidance. The fieldwork described in Chapters 2, 3, and 4, and Appendices 1 and 2 would not have been possible without the help of dedicated guides and support staff. In particular I would like to thank Nok Asker and Lewis Brower for giving me a sample of their vast knowledge of sea ice and the polar environment, and the crew of the icebreaker Oden for a safe and fascinating voyage to the North Pole.