Honorary Degrees Awarded by Washington University in Chronological Order
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Why Joseph Erlanger Rejected the Local Circuit Theory of Nerve Impulse Propagation
Why Joseph Erlanger Rejected the Local Circuit Theory of Nerve Impulse Propagation Greg Gandenberger University of Pittsburgh, Department of History and Philosophy of Science 1017 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. [email protected] Abstract In the 1920s and 1930s, Joseph Erlanger and his colleagues expressed doubts about the local circuit theory of nerve impulse propagation in some of their publications. In 1934, their scepticism inspired Alan Hodgkin to begin a series of experiments that are generally regarded as providing strong support for the local circuit theory. Hodgkin’s experiments are well known, but the nature and sources of Erlanger’s scepticism are not. In the mid-1920s, Erlanger believed that oscillograph recordings indicated that the eddy currents generated by action currents are too small to propagate the nerve impulse as the local circuit theory proposes. In the 1930s, his fundamental objection to the local circuit theory was his belief that eddy currents large enough to propagate nerve impulses would dissipate a large amount of energy and produce uncontrolled stray effects. However, a 1936 discovery led him to admit that eddy currents do at least increase the excitability of an active fiber ahead of the action current wave. His opposition to the local circuit theory diminished further as a result of several developments between late 1938 and early 1939, including most notably Hodgkin demonstration that the resistance of the medium outside the active nerve affects propagation velocity. Word Count: 7467 Keywords Joseph Erlanger; Alan Hodgkin; local circuit theory; membrane theory; St. Louis School; electrophysiology 1. Introduction Early in his 1934-1935 year as a Cambridge undergraduate, Alan Hodgkin discovered that a blocked nerve impulse increases the excitability of the nerve beyond the block. -
By Wbro Major Charles William Shand, OBE, BEM Past Provincial Senior
The Greenall family and its service to Freemasonry By WBro Major Charles William Shand, OBE, BEM Past Provincial Senior Grand Warden and WBro Derek Hunt Past Assistant Grand Director of Ceremonies Some of us here tonight had the honour of knowing WBro Major Charles William Shand, OBE, BEM, a perfect gentleman and an outstanding Freemason. When Charles died I assisted in sorting out some of his Masonic memorabilia and one of the items I found concerned the involvement of the Greenall family with Freemasonry in Warrington. I have worked on Charles’s original script, added to it and updated it for tonight’s presentation. If any one local family can claim to have had the biggest influence on Freemasonry in Warrington, the Province of West Lancashire, the United Grand Lodge of England and even stretching its involvement to Ireland, there can be no argument that it is the Greenall family. Two members of the family became Senior Grand Wardens of England and one became a Provincial Grand Master in Ireland. However, before going into the history of the Greenall family and Warrington Freemasonry, it is necessary to give a wider picture on Freemasonry in the town in general. It was in Warrington on 16 October 1646 that Elias Ashmole and Colonel Henry Mainwaring were made Masons, as recorded in Ashmole’s diary. No other meeting of that lodge are recorded. We have to move forward more than 100 years and to the Cock Inn, Bridge Street, when on 21 August 1755 a lodge was constituted as Number 40 on the register of the Antient, or Athol Grand Lodge, but it ceased to function and lapsed in December of 1756. -
Honorary Degree Recipients and Degrees Conferred Honoris Causa
HONORARY DEGREE RECIPIENTS AND DEGREES CONFERRED HONORIS CAUSA 1888 Rev. Francis T. Ingalls D.D. Judge David J. Brewer LL.D. 1891 Solon O. Thacher LL.D. 1892 Rev. James G. Dougherty D.D. Rev. Linus Blakesley D.D. 1902 Francis L. Hayes D.D. John C. McClintock LL.D. John W. Scroggs D.D. Harrison Hannahs Hon. M.A. 1904 William O. Johnston LL.D. William H. Rossington LL.D. 1905 Archibald McCullough LL.D. Henry E. Thayer D.D. Luther Denny Wittemore D.Litt. 1908 L.C. Schnacke D.D. C.H. Small D.D. 1910 Calvin Blodgett Moody D.D. John B. Silcox D.D. 1911 Henry Frederick Cope D.D. 1912 James E. Adams D.D. Hiram Blake Harrison D.D. 1913 William Francis Bowen M. of Chirurgery 1914 Jacob C. Mohler LL.D. 1915 Milton Smith Littlefield D.D. Harry Olson LL.D. Frank Knight Sanders LL.D. 1916 Duncan Lendrum McEachron LL.D. 1917 Noble S. Elderkin D.D. Morris H. Turk D.D. Harry B. Wilson LL.D. 1918 James Wise D. Litt. 1919 William Asbury Harshbarger D. Sci. Margaret Hill McCarter D. Litt. Henry F. Mason D. Litt. 1921 Henry J. Allen LL.D. Edward G. Buckland LL.D. Rev. 5/12/12 1922 Ozora S. Davis LL.D. Frank M. Sheldon D.D. 1923 Harwod O. Benton Hon. A.M. Angelus T. Burch Hon. A.M. Arthur S. Champeny Hon. A.M. Arthur E. Hertzler LL.D. 1925 Charles Curtis LL.D. Oscar A. Kropf LL.D. Richard E. Kropf LL.D. -
Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997)
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997) Edward Purcell grew up in a small town in the state of Illinois, USA. The telephone equipment which his father worked with professionally was an early inspiration. His first degree was thus in electrical engineering, from Purdue University in 1933. But it was in this period that he realized his true calling – physics. After a year in Germany – almost mandatory then for a young American interested in physics! – he enrolled in Harvard for a physics degree. His thesis quickly led to working on the Harvard cyclotron, building a feedback system to keep the radio frequency tuned to the right value for maximum acceleration. The story of how the Manhattan project brought together many of the best physicists to build the atom bomb has been told many times. Not so well-known but equally fascinating is the story of radar, first in Britain and then in the US. The MIT radiation laboratory was charged with developing better and better radar for use against enemy aircraft, which meant going to shorter and shorter wavelengths and detecting progressively weaker signals. This seems to have been a crucial formative period in Purcell’s life. His coauthors on the magnetic resonance paper, Torrey and Pound, were both from this lab. I I Rabi, the physicist who won the 1944 Nobel Prize for measuring nuclear magnetic moments by resonance methods in molecular beams, was the head of the lab and a major influence on Purcell. Interestingly, Felix Bloch (see article on p.956 in this issue) was at the nearby Radio Research lab but it appears that the two did not interact much. -
Goessmann, Lindsey, Chamberlain, Peters, and Mcewen, Research Symposium
GOE SSMANNgazette A Publication of the Chemistry Department University of Massachusetts Amherst www.chem.umass.edu VOLUME 44 – SPRING 2015 INSIDE Alumni News ............................2 by David Adams Points of Pride ...........................4 Chemistry Loses a Dear Friend Lab Notes .................................5 Dissertation Seminars .............21 On April 14th one of the towering figures of the Chemistry Seminar Program ....................20 Department, Professor George R. Richason, Jr. passed away Senior Awards Dinner .............22 at Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton. Alongside Degrees Awarded ...................22 Goessmann, Lindsey, Chamberlain, Peters, and McEwen, Research Symposium ..............23 George takes his place among the chemists who shaped Friends of Chemistry ...............26 and propelled the department to national and international Letter from Head ....................28 quality and recognition. In George’s case, he was part of EVENTS for 2015 the Chemistry Department for 82 of its 146 year history! His contributions to the department and the university Five College Seminar were profound, widespread, and legendary. In many Prof. Phil Baran Scripps Institute respects he truly was “Mr. UMass.” March 10, 2015 In the early 1930s, George, born in the Riverside Marvin Rausch Lectureship Prof. Karl Wieghardt section of Turner’s Falls on April 3, 1916, participated in Max-Planck-Institut-Mülheim basketball tournaments on the Amherst campus of the then April 9, 2015 Massachusetts Agricultural College (MAC). MAC became Senior Awards Dinner Massachusetts State College in 1931, and George April 29, 2015 matriculated at MSC in the fall of 1933. Early in his undergraduate career the basketball coach Getting to Know Our Newest Alumni Reunion 2015 June 6, 2015 encouraged him to join the State basketball team Faculty Members after watching him play in Curry Hicks Cage. -
ABSTRACT NIX, ANISHA MAHESH. Investigating
ABSTRACT NIX, ANISHA MAHESH. Investigating the Links Among Stereotypes, Self-Image, and Career Commitment to the Sciences. (Under the direction of Mary B. Wyer). Women have historically been underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. One reason for this continued underrepresentation might be existing stereotypes of STEM fields, as well as the lack of historical role models within these fields. A longitudinal analysis conducted over a one- semester period in an introductory Chemistry course was conducted to explore the effects of a curriculum intervention that introduced the contributions of women to chemistry on students’ stereotypes about STEM fields, self perceptions, and their commitment to STEM fields. Results indicate that stereotypes about scientists in this sample include masculine, feminine, and neutral characteristics and that there was some change in stereotypes after the intervention. Furthermore, women in the sample had higher career commitment to the sciences than men and women who were STEM majors had a better fit between stereotypes and self perceptions than did women who were not STEM majors. Investigating the Links Among Stereotypes, Self-Image, and Career Commitment to the Sciences by Anisha Mahesh Nix A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Psychology Raleigh, North Carolina 2009 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ ______________________________ Dennis O. Gray Shevaun Neupert ________________________________ Mary B. Wyer Chair of Advisory Committee DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family. To my mother, whose support and guidance have been invaluable in my education and my life. -
Fantasy & Science Fiction V030n04
THE MA GAZINE Of Fantasy and JACK VANCE Science Fiction ISAAC ASIMOV J.T. MCINTOS NOVELETS We Can Remember It For You Wholesale Philip k. dick 4 The Sorcerer Pharesm JACK VANCE 79 SHORT STORIES Appoggiatura A. M, MARPLE 25 But Soft, What Light . CAROL EMSHWILLER 41 The Sudden Silence J. T. MCINTOSH 45 The Face Is Familiar GILBERT THOMAS 64 The Space Twins JAMES PULLEY 75 Bordered In Black LARRY NIVEN 112 FEATURES Cartoon GAHAN WILSON 24 Books JUDITH MERRIL 31 Injected Memory THEODORE L. THOMAS 62 Verse: The Octopus DORIS PITKIN BUCK 63 Science: The Nobelmen of Science ISAAC ASIMOV 101 F&SF Marketplace 129 Cover by Jack Gaughan (illustrating "The Sorcerer Pharesm”) Joseph W. Ferman, publishek Edward L. Ferman, editor Ted White, assistant editor Isaac Asimov, science editor Judith Merril, book editor Robert P. Mills, consulting editor Dale Beardale, aRCULATiON manager The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Volume 30, No. 4, Whole No. 179, Apr. 1966. Published monthly by Mercury Press, Inc., at 504 o copy. Annual subscription $5.00; $5.50 in Canada and the Pan American Union, $6.00 in all other countries. Publication office, 10 Ferry Street, Concord, N. H. 03302. Editorial and general mail should be sent to 347 East 53rd St., New York, N. Y. 10022. Second Class postage paid at Concord, N. H. Printed in U.S.A. © 1966 by Mercury Press, Inc. All rights including translations into other languages, reserved. Submissions must be accompanied by stamped, self-addressed envelopes: the Publisher assumes no responsibility for return of unsolicited manuscripts. -
JUAN MANUEL 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Culture Friendship Justice
Friendship Volume 135, № 1 Character Culture JUAN MANUEL SANTOS 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Justice LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Brothers, It is an honor and a privilege as your president to have the challenges us and, perhaps, makes us question our own opportunity to share my message with you in each edition strongly held beliefs. But it also serves to open our minds of the Quarterly. I generally try to align my comments and our hearts to our fellow neighbor. It has to start with specific items highlighted in each publication. This with a desire to listen, to understand, and to be tolerant time, however, I want to return to the theme “living our of different points of view and a desire to be reasonable, Principles,” which I touched upon in a previous article. As patient and respectful.” you may recall, I attempted to outline and describe how Kelly concludes that it is the diversity of Southwest’s utilization of the Four Founding Principles could help people and “treating others like you would want to be undergraduates make good decisions and build better treated” that has made the organization successful. In a men. It occurred to me that the application of our values similar way, Stephen Covey’s widely read “Seven Habits of to undergraduates only is too limiting. These Principles are Highly Effective People” takes a “values-based” approach to indeed critical for each of us at this particularly turbulent organizational success. time in our society. For DU to be a successful organization, we too, must As I was flying back recently from the Delta Upsilon be able to work effectively with our varied constituents: International Fraternity Board of Directors meeting in undergraduates, parents, alumni, higher education Arizona, I glanced through the February 2017 edition professionals, etc. -
With Determination and Fortitude We Come to Vote: Black Organization and Resistance to Voter Suppression in Mississippi
WITH DETERMINATION AND FORTITUDE 195 With Determination and Fortitude We Come to Vote: Black Organization and Resistance to Voter Suppression in Mississippi by Michael Vinson Williams On July 2, 1946, brothers Medgar and Charles Evers, along with four friends, decided they would vote in their hometown of Decatur, Missis- sippi. Both brothers had registered without incident but when the men returned to cast their ballots they were met by a mob of armed whites. The confrontation grew in intensity with each step toward the polling place. After a few nerve-racking moments of yelling and shoving, the Evers group retreated, but the harassment did not end. Medgar Evers recalled that while they were walking away some of the whites followed them and that one man in a 1941 Ford “leaned out with a shotgun, keep- ing a bead on us all the time and we just had to walk slowly and wait for him to kill us …. They didn’t kill us but they didn’t end it, either.” The African American men went home, retrieved guns of their own, and returned to the polling station but decided to leave the weapons in the car. The white mob again prevented them from entering the voting precinct, and the would-be voters gave up.1 1 This article makes use of the many newspaper clippings catalogued in the Allen Eugene Cox Papers housed at the Mitchell Memorial Library Special Collections Department at Mississippi State University (Starkville) and the Trumpauer (Joan Harris) Civil Rights Scrapbooks Collection at the Mississippi Department of Archives and History in Jackson, Mississippi. -
Alexis Holliday Learning, Growing, Leading …
Undergraduate State Senators Leadership and Pro-golfer Summit inducted The year of the – PLUS – undergraduate: Props Transitioning to graduate chapter Alumnae on the Move & Sigma Spotlight Alexis Holliday Learning, growing, leading … Volume 83, No. 1 The official organ of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded at Butler University, Indianapolis, Table of Contents Indiana, November 12, 1922. A Message from the International Grand Basileus ..2 International Headquarters 1000 Southhill Drive, Suite 200 Directory of Officers .........................3 Cary, North Carolina 27513-8628 Telephone: 888/747-1922 From the Editor’s Desk........................4 Fax: 919/678-9721 www.sgrho1922.org Greetings from the Executive Director ...........5 Office Hours: 8:30 a.m.-5 p.m., EST Bonita M. Herring Transitioning to Graduate Chapter ...............6 International Grand Basileus Glyndell B. Presley Props......................................8 Editor-in-Chief Rachel Morris Leadership Summit ..........................9 Executive Director Senior Reporter Learning, Growing, Leading .................. 10 Crystl Starkes Inductions.................................12 Contributing Writers Angela Spears Golden Alert............................... 13 Cover Photo Courtesy of Rel A Golden Affair ............................ 15 Design Powell Graphics & Communication, Inc. Region News............................... 17 Printer Progressive Business Solutions Spotlight ..................................19 The AURORA is published three times a year. All materials for -
Washington University School of Medicine Bulletin, 1947
Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Washington University School of Medicine Washington University Publications Bulletins 1947 Washington University School of Medicine bulletin, 1947 Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/med_bulletins Recommended Citation Washington University School of Medicine bulletin, 1947. Central Administration, Publications. Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/med_bulletins/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington University Publications at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University School of Medicine Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BULLETIN OF WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE JANUARY, 1947 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Arthur H. Compton, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Bridge Chancellor Charles Belknap, B.S., Vice Chancellor Joyce C. Steams, Ph.D., LL.D., Dean of Faculties Thomas Edward Blackwell, Ph.B., M.S., J.D., Director of Business Administration The College of Liberal Arts Stuart A. Queen, Ph.D., Dean The School of Engineering Alexander S. Langsdorf, M.M.E., Dean The School of Architecture Alexander S. Langsdorf, M.M.E., Dean The School of Business and Public Administration Isaac Lippincott, Ph.D., Acting Dean The George Warren Brown School of Social Work Benjamin E. Youngdahl, A.M., Dean The Henry Shaw School of Botany George T. Moore, Ph.D., Dean The School of Graduate Studies Carl Tolman, Ph.D., Dean The School of Law Wayne L. Townsend, A.B., LL.B., J.S.D., Dean The School of Medicine Robert A. -
Research Organizations and Major Discoveries in Twentieth-Century Science: a Case Study of Excellence in Biomedical Research
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Hollingsworth, Joseph Rogers Working Paper Research organizations and major discoveries in twentieth-century science: A case study of excellence in biomedical research WZB Discussion Paper, No. P 02-003 Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Hollingsworth, Joseph Rogers (2002) : Research organizations and major discoveries in twentieth-century science: A case study of excellence in biomedical research, WZB Discussion Paper, No. P 02-003, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50229 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu P 02 – 003 RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS AND MAJOR DISCOVERIES IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY SCIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF EXCELLENCE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH J.