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Jéssica Karine Menon Dinâmica Temporal Da Antracnose

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Jéssica Karine Menon Dinâmica Temporal Da Antracnose JÉSSICA KARINE MENON DINÂMICA TEMPORAL DA ANTRACNOSE EM ACESSOS DO BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DE VIDEIRAS Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós- graduação em Produção Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Produção Vegetal. Orientador: Dr. Amauri Bogo Coorientador: Dr. Ricardo Trezzi Casa LAGES, SANTA CATARINA 2016 M547d Menon, Jéssica Karine Dinâmica temporal da antracnose em acessos do banco de germoplasma de videiras / Jéssica Karine Menon. – Lages, 2016. 52 p.: il. Orientador: Amauri Bogo Coorientador: Ricardo Trezzi Casa Bibliografia: p. 45-52 Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, 2016. 1. Vitis spp. 2. Antracnose. 3. Germoplasma. 4. Melhoramento genético. I. Menon, Jéssica Karine. II. Bogo, Amauri. III. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal. IV. Título CDD: 634.8 – 20.ed. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Setorial do CAV/ UDESC JÉSSICA KARINE MENON DINÂMICA TEMPORAL DA ANTRACNOSE EM ACESSOS DO BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DE VIDEIRAS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Banca Examinadora Lages, 22 de setembro de 2016. RESUMO MENON, Jéssica Karine. Dinâmica temporal da antracnose em acessos do banco de germoplasma de videiras. 2016. 52 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal). Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, CAV. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC. Lages, SC. A videira (Vitis spp. L.) é considerada uma das culturas mais importantes em todo o mundo, porém é uma atividade econômica recente no Brasil quando comparada aos tradicionais países produtores da Europa. As maiores perdas na produção estão associadas a problemas fitossanitários, e entre as principais doenças que ocorrem na Região Sul do Brasil está a antracnose, causada pelo fungo Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear. Esta doença é altamente destrutiva nas regiões úmidas tropicais e subtropicais, podendo gerar danos de até 100% da produção. Deste modo, é fundamental a caracterização de acessos de bancos de germoplasma para identificar fontes de resistência à doença e utilizá-las em programas de melhoramento genético da videira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica temporal da antracnose em acessos de um banco de germoplasma de videira implantado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/Campus de Curitibanos, durante os ciclos 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Os seguintes acessos foram avaliados: Baco 1, Gropel, Jacquez, V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. betulifolia, V. candicans, V. doaniana, V. girdiana, V. monticola, V. shuttleworthii, V. simpsonii, V. thunbergii e V. vulpina. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. A incidência e a severidade da doença foram avaliadas a cada 14 dias, a partir do surgimento dos primeiros sintomas, com o auxílio de chave descritiva específica. Com os dados obtidos foram plotadas curvas de progresso da doença e as epidemias comparadas em relação ao início do aparecimento dos sintomas (IAS); tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença (TAMID e TAMSD); valor máximo de incidência e severidade (Imax e Smax) e área abaixo da curva do progresso da incidência e da severidade da doença (AACPID e AACPSD). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância usando o programa SAS. Diferenças significativas foram observadas nos dois ciclos avaliados. As variáveis epidemiológicas temporais ‘IAS e TAMSD’ apresentaram diferenças significativas apenas no ciclo 2014-2015. As variáveis Imax, Smax e AACPSD apresentaram diferenças significativas nos dois ciclos avaliados e a variável AACPID apenas no primeiro ciclo. Os acessos Jacquez e V. thunbergii apresentaram suscetibilidade à antracnose. Os acessos V. arizonica, V. betulifolia, V. simpsonii e V. vulpina apresentaram uma resistência moderada à antracnose. Os acessos Baco 1, Gropel, V. berlandieri, V. candicans, V. doaniana, V. girdiana, V. monticola e V. shuttleworthii foram os que apresentaram os melhores níveis de resistência à antracnose e podem servir como fontes de resistência à antracnose e ser utilizados em programas de melhoramento da videira. Palavras-chave: Vitis spp., antracnose, germoplasma, melhoramento genético. ABSTRACT MENON, Jéssica Karine. Temporal dynamics of anthracnose in accesses of a grapevine germoplasm bank. 2016. 52 f. Dissertation (Master`s Degree in Plant Production). Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, CAV. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC. Lages, SC. The vine is considered one of the most important crops in the world, but it is a recent economic activity in Brazil when compared to traditional European producer countries. The greatest losses in production are associated with phytosanitary problems. The main diseases that occur in southern Brazil is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear. The anthracnose is highly destructive in tropical and subtropical humid regions, which may cause losses of up to 100% of production. Thus, it is fundamental to identify germplasm banks access to identify disease resistance sources and use them in breeding programs of the vine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthracnose temporal dynamic in vine accesses of grapevine germplasm bank deployed in the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Curitibanos-SC, during the cycles 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The following accesses were evaluated: Baco 1, Gropel, Jacquez, V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. betulifolia , V. candicans, V. doaniana, V. girdiana, V. monticola, V. shuttleworthii, V. simpsonii, V . thunbergii and V. vulpina. The randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted. The incidence and severity of the disease were evaluated every 14 days, from the appearance of the first symptoms, with specific descriptive key help. With the obtained data were plotted disease progress curves and epidemics compared in relation to the beginning of symptoms appearance (BSA); time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity (TRMDI and TRMDS); maximum value of disease intensity and severity (Imax and Smax) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the SAS program. Significant differences were observed in the two evaluation cycles. Temporal epidemiological variables 'BSA and TRMDS' showed significant differences only in the cycle 2014-2015. The Imax variables, Smax and AUDPC showed significant differences in the two cycles evaluated. The accesses Jacquez and V. thunbergii showed susceptibility to anthracnose. The accesses V. arizonica, V. betulifolia, V. simpsonii and V. vulpina showed moderate resistance to anthracnose. Accesses Baco 1, Gropel, V. berlandieri, V. candicans, V. doaniana, V. girdiana, V. monticola and V. shuttleworthii presented the best anthracnose resistance levels and can serve as sources of resistance to anthracnose and used for vine breeding programs. Key-words: Vitis spp., anthracnose, germoplasm, breeding. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Sintomas característicos da antracnose em folhas de videira. ..................................... 17 Figura 2. Sintoma de cancros produzidos pela antracnose em ramos de videira. ....................... 17 Figura 3. Sintoma “olho-de-passarinho” produzidos pela antracnose em bagas de videira. ....... 18 Figura 4. Ciclo da antracnose da videira. .................................................................................... 19 Figura 5. Banco de germoplasma de videira, implantado na UFSC/Campus Curitibanos. ......... 26 Figura 6. Precipitação acumulada (mm), umidade relativa (%) e temperatura média mensal (°C) de Curitibanos/SC, nos ciclos 2014/2015 e 2015/2016 obtidas da Estação Meteorológica da UFSC – Campus Curitibanos. ..................................................................................................... 29 Figura 7. Áreas Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Severidade (AACPSD) da antracnose nos acessos do banco de germoplasma de videira no ciclo 2014/2015. ........................................... 35 Figura 8. Áreas Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Severidade (AACPSD) da antracnose nos acessos do banco de germoplasma de videira no ciclo 2015/2016. ........................................... 38 Figura 9. Áreas Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Incidência (AACPID) da antracnose nos acessos do banco de germoplasma de videira no ciclo 2014/2015. ........................................... 41 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1. Descrição dos acessos do Banco de Germoplasma de Uva avaliados quanto a resistência à antracnose nos ciclos 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, em Curitibanos, SC. ..................... 24 Tabela 2. Escala de notas utilizada para a avaliação da severidade da antracnose da videira (PEDRO JUNIOR et al., 1998). .................................................................................................. 27 Tabela 3. Tempo pra atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença (dias), Incidência e severidade máxima (%), Área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência e severidade da antracnose em acessos do banco de germoplasma de videira em Curitibanos/SC no ciclo 2014/2015. ..................................................................................................................................
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