Flora of the San José Hills

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FLORA OF THE SAN JOSÉ HILLS

A Thesis

Presented to the

Faculty of

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Master of Science

Biological Sciences

Asseneth Eileen Berbeo

2017

SIGNATURE PAGE

THESIS: FLORA OF THE SAN JOSÉ HILLS

AUTHOR: Asseneth Eileen Berbeo

DATE SUBMITTED: Summer 2017

Biological Sciences Department

Dr. Edward G. Bobich Thesis Committee Chair Biological Sciences

Dr. Curtis Clark Biological Sciences

Dr. Erin Questad Biological Sciences

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The conception of this flora of the San José Hills started as curiosity about the plants that could be found in the Voorhis Ecological Reserve and the hillsides surrounding the school while I was an undergraduate student at Cal Poly Pomona. That curiosity was fostered by my advisor and Committee Chair, Dr. Edward Bobich of the Biological Sciences Department at California Polytechnic University, Pomona. Dr. Bobich has been a source of encouragement throughout my educational career as an undergraduate and graduate student, and I would like to thank him for his unwavering belief in me and his outstanding support in the creation of this flora. I would also like to include special thanks to Dr. Curtis Clark of the Biological Sciences Department at California Polytechnic University, Pomona and Dr. Erin Questad of the Biological Sciences Department at California Polytechnic University, Pomona for their valuable input in the creation of this thesis. Dr. Clark’s guidance in taxonomy and nomenclature was essential in proper completion of this thesis, and I am very grateful to him for his tireless help. Dr. Questad’s direction in the use of GIS and description of ecological phenomena has been most appreciated. I would also like to thank sources of support and inspiration during the creation of this flora, including rare plant botanist Dr. Fred Roberts for information on the oaks of Southern California and encouragement for the compilation of the checklist, Dr. Naomi Fraga of Claremont Graduate University who went out on the field with me to locate a population of Dudleya multicaulis in the Hills and helped identify Petunia parviflora from my study site, and Dr. Travis Columbus of Claremont Graduate University who encouraged and supported me in the presentation of my research at the 2016 Botanical Society of America meeting. I would also like to thank the myriad of people that assisted me in the field, including Myana Anderson, Jessica Chu, Cristina Ciranda, Naomi Fraga, Erika Gardner, Jason Hebert, Carina Jimenez, Christine Lythgowe, Jeff Martinez, Mark Mazhnyy, Zobeida Merlos, Neil Negrete, Joshua Paolini, Kaia Partlow, Jena Portanova, Jessica Robles, Margaux Rutherford, Greg Straton, and Christina Varnava. Finally, I am thankful for the support of my friends and family for believing in me and encouraging me in my endeavors. Special thanks to my best friends Midori O’Hara and Julián Páez, who carried me throughout my undergraduate and graduate studies with love and support.

This study would not have been possible without funding from the National Science Foundation’s BioTiER Fellowship, the Southern California Botanists’ Susan Hobbs Grant for Field Research, the Orange County Chapter of the California Native Plant Society’s Charlie O’Neill Grant, the U.S. Department of Education CCRAA grant and the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona for the Ernest Prete Jr. Environmental Science Student Research Fellowship and Student Conference Travel Award, and The Dr. Harold Lint Biological Sciences Memorial Scholarship. I am grateful to all of these fine institutions for backing my study and making possible the creation of the Flora of the San José Hills.

iii ABSTRACT

The San José Hills are part of an important wildlife corridor between the Peninsular and

Transverse Ranges of Southern California. Over the last few centuries, the natural areas of the San José Hills have been greatly reduced because of agriculture and, more recently, urbanization. However, the stands of native coastal sage scrub, which include California

Gnatcatcher breeding grounds, woodlands, much of which are dominated by the threatened Southern California black walnut, and riparian habitats have led to the recognition of much of the Hills as a Significant Ecological Area. Voucher samples were collected in all areas of the San José Hills and identified using dichotomous keys; the location and habitat of each specimen was also recorded. Vouchers were mounted and preserved to be used as representative specimens. In addition to 78 newly vouchered taxa,

1189 records of collections in the San José Hills were found through research of the historical collections in the Consortium of California Herbaria. Historical records were concentrated mainly in the Voorhis Ecological Reserve (Cal Poly Pomona) and

Puddingstone Reservoir and Dam in Bonelli Regional Park. A total of 571 minimum rank taxa have been catalogued from field research and record searches. Although the Hills have a relatively large number of native species, non-native species make up a third of the flora. Perennials are in higher abundance in the hills than annuals. Approximately 3% of the flora is included in the California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and

Endangered Plants. Thirteen percent of the species in the Hills were not recorded before this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Signature Page……………………………………………………………………………ii

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………iii

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………...iv

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………...………...vi

List of Figures………………………………………………………………...……….…vii

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….…………..1

METHODS………………………………………………………………………………13

RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………..14

DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………30

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………..25

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Institutions that house vouchers from the San José Hills used in this study …23

Table 2. Five largest families and six largest genera in the San José Hills flora ……….24

Table 3. Numerical summary of the San José Hills flora ….….….….….….….….…...25

Table 4. CNPS listed plants in the San José Hills ….….….….….….….….…...………26

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Map of the San José Hills and its location in Southern California ….……..…11

Figure 2 Surveyed areas within the study site of the San José Hills ……………………12

Figure 3 Map showing the San José Fault ……………………………………………....13

Figure 4 USGS map of Glendora Volcanic Formation within the San José Hills...... 14

Figure 5 Klimadiagramm of average monthly total precipitation and average monthly temperature within the San José Hills ……………………………………...... 15

vii INTRODUCTION

The San José Hills are a unique geologic formation that provides habitat for a large number of organisms within the megalopolis that is Southern California. The hills are at the intersection of the Transverse Ranges, the Peninsular Ranges and the Los

Angeles Basin (McCulloh et al. 2001; Yeats 2004) and, along with the Puente and Chino

Hills, are an important component of the wildlife corridor connecting the San Gabriel

Mountains to the Santa Ana Mountains by forming a string of natural habitat islands in the urbanized landscapes of the San Gabriel Watershed and Pomona Valley (PCR

Services Corporation 2006; Moore and Iacofano, Inc. 2006; CSUPUP [sic] 2011; Fig. 1).

Portions of the San José Hills, including Bonelli Regional Park, Walnut Creek, the

Buzzard Peak Open Space, the Voorhis Ecological Reserve on the campus of California

State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona), and unincorporated open spaces, have been designated as part of the planned East San Gabriel Valley Significant

Ecological Area (SEA), which is proposed to include the existing Buzzard Peak-San José

Hills SEA. These areas were given such a designation by Los Angeles County because they are irreplaceable, unique, of relatively limited distribution, and of particular value to wildlife (AHBE 2011; LACDORP 2017). Thus, cataloging the flora of the San José Hills is important for understanding the overall diversity of the region and as evidence for the continued protection of open spaces within the hills.

The California Floristic Province is designated a Biodiversity Hotspot because it has a relatively high abundance of endemic and rare species in sensitive habitats (Dugger

& Ambrose 2012). It is one of only 34 regions around the world that support  1500 endemic plant species and/or have lost > 70% of their original habitat (Dugger &

1 Ambrose 2012). As the region has historically only recently been disturbed by humans, the relatively short interval of habitat loss and fragmentation has allowed for a higher retention of plant diversity (Foley et al. 2005). An unusually high diversity of annuals as compared to worldwide numbers and low extinction rates in California lineages also contribute to high diversity in native species (Baldwin 2014). The steep ecological gradient created by geology, topography, and geography allows for migration of species provides edaphic heterogeneity, and forms a wide variety of habitats related to elevation, promoting evolutionary divergence (Lozano and Schwartz 2005; Baldwin 2014).

With a growing biodiversity crisis around the world, attention is focused on vegetation types rich in species, including threatened communities (Hernandez and

Knudsen 2012). The coastal sage scrub and the Southern California black walnut woodlands, both of which occur in the San José Hills, are listed as threatened communities because they are fast being degraded by development and other human uses

(Swenson and Franklin 2000; Pavlik 2003). Although it is unknown how much walnut woodland habitat has been lost, coastal sage scrub habitat of Southern California has been reduced by 90% because of its suitability for agriculture and development (Westman

1981; Cione et al. 2002). Coastal sage scrub vegetation is also continually lost because many of the species are displaced by invasive non-native species after disturbances

(Swenson and Franklin 2000). The reduced size of such plant communities could lead to decreases in genetic diversity (Keeley and Fotheringham 2003).

Because native plant species are highly impacted in the coastal sage scrub, the conversion from shrubland to annual grasses and forbs likely affects species that depend on native plants (Alonso et al. 2001). An animal species that is likely affected by

2 degradation of coastal sage scrub in the San José Hills is the Coastal California

Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), a bird with federally threatened status and a California Species of Special Concern. The Coastal California Gnatcatcher uses the coastal sage scrub throughout the northeastern portion of the Hills, including Bonelli

Regional Park in San Dimas, Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Covina, and a portion of the

Voorhis Ecological Reserve, as its breeding grounds (USDOTFHA et al. 2002; Bonterra

Consulting 2011; CSUPUP [sic] 2011; Moriarty 2013). Another affected local species is the Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), which occurs in the Voorhis

Ecological Reserve and Bonelli Regional Park and is listed as a California State Species of Special Concern and Cleveland National Forest Federal Sensitive Species (Szijj and

Solek 2004; Moriarty 2013).

Records of plant species in the hills prior to this study were from approximately

5% of the total land area of the San José Hills, with the majority concentrated in the northeastern region around Puddingstone Dam and Reservoir in Bonelli Regional Park, as well as the Voorhis Ecological Reserve and Buzzard Peak Open Space (Index

Herbariorum, 2017; Fig. 2). The San José Hills house some rare plant species, including two threatened plants: intermediate mariposa lily (Calochortus weedii var. intermedius), vouchered in the Voorhis Ecological Reserve, and many-stemmed dudleya (Dudleya multicaulis), vouchered near Puddingstone Dam. The purpose of this study is to develop a flora of the San José Hills through documented and newly vouchered plants. New collections will be housed in the CSPU Herbarium.

3 Location

The study area of the San José Hills intersects the San Gabriel Valley to the north and the Pomona Valley to the south. The San José Hills proper are approximately 84 km2

(32.5 mi2 ) or 8,417 ha, roughly bounded to the northeast by Walnut Creek and the Walnut

Creek fault, and to the southwest by San José Creek (Fig. 3). Portions of the municipalities of West Covina, Walnut, Covina, La Verne, San Dimas and Pomona (west to east), as well as the census designated place Charter Oak, are in the San José Hills.

Several freeways intersect the eastern end of the Hills including Interstate 10, California

State Route 57, Interstate 210 and State Route 210 (the Foothill Freeway), and State

Route 71 (Fig. 1). Currently, Bonelli Regional Park and Walnut Creek Park make up the largest continuous open space in the Hills with limited public access, the second largest being the Buzzard Peak-San José Hills SEA land, which is occupied by the Voorhis

Ecological Reserve and nearby Buzzard Peak Open Space in the city of Walnut (Fig. 2).

Geology

The San José Hills are geologically distinct; the San José Fault, an active reverse- separation fault, marks the southern range front of the Hills (Yeats 2004; Fig.3). Uplift of the San José Hills most likely occurred as a result of anticlinal folding in the San José

Fault as the axis of a west-southwest–plunging, south-vergent anticline follows the topography of the Hills; active folding is still slowly occurring (Yeats 2004). Elevation in the San José Hills is 130-420 m with the highest point being Buzzard Peak. Topography contains rugged, narrow steep-sided canyons that lie along the Walnut Creek and San

José Faults as well as moderate, broad canyons with gently sloping hills in the areas of

4 the anticlines and synclines in the southwestern portion of the Hills (Harshman 1933;

Yeats 2004).

Substrates in the San José Hills include sandstone-conglomerate, siltstone-shale, and granitic bedrock, as well as volcanic outcroppings and biotite dacite, allowing different plant communities to occur (Harshman 1933; Yeats 2004). The San José Hills include portions of both the Puente Formation and the middle Miocene Topanga

Formation in the northeast, Oligocene Mountain Meadows Dacite throughout, and

Glendora volcanics and conglomerate to the northeast (Yeats 2004; Fig. 4). The Puente formation includes siltstone with subordinate sandstone and is overlain with upper

Miocene diatomite; overlying the Puente formation is the Topanga formation, most prominent at Buzzard Peak, which is composed of cobble-pebble conglomerate with subordinate sandstone (Harshman 1933; Woodford et al. 1946; Yeats 2004; J. Nourse,

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Topographic map of a portion of Cal

Poly Pomona Campus, personal communication). Basement rocks of the hills include biocite dacite throughout, quartz diorite and ultramylonite in the southeastern area, granitic gneiss midway through the range, and tonalite, granitic gneiss and granodiorite in the northeast (McCulloh et al. 2001; Yeats 2004).

Some of the above geologic assemblages in the San José Hills are of special note due to their unique occurrences in Southern California, one of which is the Glendora volcanics, which forms a northwest-to-southeast arc from Azusa to Pomona (Shelton

1955; Fig. 4). The Glendora volcanics includes massive and autobrecciated lavas, tuffs, and tuff breccia that are interlaid with, or covered by, middle and upper Miocene rocks and marine sediments and are thickest in the northwestern San José Hills (Shelton 1955;

McCulloh et al. 2001; Yeats 2004; Fig. 4). Another distinct intrusive complex unique to the study site and adjacent areas and present throughout the subsurface of the San José

Hills is the Oligocene Mountain Meadows Dacite, a blend of biotic dacite, latite and felsite intrusives which is the oldest basement rock unit in the Los Angeles Basin, San

Gabriel Mountains and the northwestern Peninsular Ranges. The Oligocene Mountain

Meadows Dacite is overlain with the Glendora volcanics and the Topanga formation in the northwestern San José Hills (McCulloh et al. 2001).

Climate

The California Floristic Province has a Mediterranean-type climate, which is characterized by hot dry summers and cool wet winters; such a climate occurs on only

2% of the surface of the earth (Peel et al. 2007). In the California Floristic Province, rainfall occurs mainly between the months of November and April (AHBE 2011; Fig. 5).

In the San José Hills, precipitation averages 395 mm (±35.2 mm) annually and the mean temperature is 17.1° C (±4.6°) (Pomona Fairplex station, 1893–2017; Western Regional

Climate Center 2017).

The majority of this study was conducted during some of the driest and warmest years on record (California Department of Water Resources 2015). The period from June

2012 to May 2017 holds the record warmest average temperature ranking for California with an average temperature of 15.7° C, a departure of 1.6° C compared to the 20th century average of 14.1° C. Further the average temperature for 2014 was 16.4° C, which was the warmest temperature on record (NOAA National Centers for Environmental

Information 2017). Pomona Fairplex Station recorded an average temperature of 20.3° C

6 for 2014, 19.6° C for 2015 and 20.7° C for 2016, which was the warmest average temperature for the station since 1947 when the average temperature was 21.8° C

(Western Regional Climate Center 2017). Precipitation was the driest for California during January 2013-December 2015 when the recorded average for California was 1089 mm, which was over 600 mm less than the average 36 month period during the 20th

Century (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 2017). In Pomona the total precipitation between January 2013 and December 2015 was 501.4 mm, with 137.9 mm, 167.1 mm, and 196.3 in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively (Western Regional

Climate Center 2017).

Natural disturbance

Wildfires are a common natural and human-induced disturbance in the San José

Hills. Three of the most recent fires have all occurred in the northeastern region of the

Hills. On 21 August, 1981, 9 ha in what is known as Box Canyon in the Voorhis

Ecological Reserve burned during a wildfire (Moriarty et. al. 1985). On 28 July, 1989 the eastern portion of the San José Hills burned, including the majority of the Cal Poly

Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve (Clark 1990, Moriarty 2013). There was also a fire on the west side of Bonelli Park near Raging Waters in disturbed walnut woodland, on 6

July, 2006, leading to resprouting adult Juglans californica (Utsumi et al. 2010).

Anthropogenic influences

The San José Hills range is a patchwork of both natural and urbanized areas, some of which was historically used for grazing. Historical use of the San José Hills for

7 agriculture is recorded from the 1700s to the present day. The majority of the San José

Hills were part of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel lands; later, portions of the Hills were held by Rancho La Puente and Rancho San José (Macias 2006). Records of the

Mission San Gabriel Arcángel note the presence of the Native American people they called the Gabrieleño (also referred to as Gabrielino-Tongva) in the San José Hills and surrounding areas during early exploration of the area in 1769 (Macias 2006). Historical accounts from early United States Exploring Expeditions of the 1800s also note the presence of the native peoples in San Gabriel Valley (Hale 1846). Use of the hills for growing crops and grazing for cattle and sheep was common practice for the mission, as well as for the ranchers of the La Puente and San José Ranchos (Eckmann and Zinn 1917,

Macias 2006). In the late 1800s, the ranchos were sold off in parcels to various buyers, and agricultural and grazing practices continued (Macias 2004). The completion of a spur of the Southern Pacific Railroad, which ended at the town of Spadra near the San José

Hills in 1874, brought growth and increased agricultural activity in the surrounding area

(Guinn 1911). During the early 20th century, major portions of the San José Hills were used to grow grains and for cattle and sheep grazing. In fact, to this day a small portion of the Hills continues to be used for grazing and agriculture even though the easternmost portions of the Hills were designated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as “rough stony land” mostly unsuitable for agriculture (Eckmann and Zinn 1917, Miller 1935).

Prior to the 1920s, flooding in the Los Angeles Basin was highly destructive to property and dangerous to the inhabitants (Van Wormer 1991). Repeated flooding in the

San Gabriel Valley, recorded as early as 1771, caused the relocation of the original

Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in 1775 (Van Wormer 1991, Macias 2006). As part of the

8 flood control works started during the 1920s, a diversion dam was completed at the mouth of San Dimas Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains. The flood waters were channeled to the Puddingstone Dam forming a 14.2 ha (35 acre) reservoir in what was once known as Puddingstone Valley in the San José Hills (Covina Argus 1951; Van

Wormer 1991). Puddingstone Reservoir was initially used only for flood control; however, in the 1950s its designated use was changed to include recreational activities and the reservoir was filled to increase the area covered by water to 40.5 ha (100 acres;

Covina Argus 1951). Mining of diatomaceous earth also occurred in the range at the

Featherstone Quarry near Covina during the 1920s. Infrastructure associated with the mine included roads as early as the 1910s; the quarry was dynamited and leveled in the

1930s for a housing development (Harshman 1933; Covina Argus 1939; Hall 2007). All of the mentioned uses, as well as more recent urbanization, have greatly reduced the natural habitat in the San José Hills.

Most of the natural land of the San José Hills is now used for various recreational activities and as parkland. Within the Hills, there are some major privately and publicly owned areas with wildlands including: the Voorhis Ecological Reserve, the Wildlife

Sanctuary on the lands of Mount San Antonio College, Mountain Meadows Golf Course and Country Club, South Hills Country Club, Dwight D. Eisenhower Golf Course owned by Industry Hills Golf Club, Industry Hills Expo Center, owned by the Industry Hills

Regional Park and Recreation Area, and Big League Dreams baseball fields and landfill.

Designated parks include: Bonelli Regional Park operated by the County of Los Angeles

Department of Parks & Recreation, Creekside Park operated by the City of Walnut, Three

Oaks Preservation Area in the City of Walnut, Galster Wilderness Park operated by the

San Gabriel Mountains Regional Conservancy in conjunction with the City of West

Covina, Ganesha Park operated by the City of Pomona, Gingrich Park operated by the

City of West Covina, Heritage Park operated by the City of West Covina, Lemon Creek

Park operated by the City of Walnut, Via Verde Park operated by the City of San Dimas,

Walnut Creek Park operated by the County of Los Angeles Department of Parks &

Recreation, Wilderness Park operated by the County of Los Angeles Department of Parks

& Recreation, and Woodgrove Park operated by the City of West Covina.

Other uses of the land in the San José Hills include Forest Lawn-Covina Hills cemetery, which is owned by Forest Lawn Memorial Park Association and located in the northeastern portion of the Hills; their holdings include natural areas designated as gnatcatcher breeding grounds. Spadra Landfill and Gas-to-Energy Facility operated by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County and Big League Dreams landfill are also located within the Hills and include some intact natural vegetation.

Natural vegetation makes up approximately 1502 ha, or ~18%, of the San José

Hills. Parkland areas include Bonelli Regional Park with approximately 636 ha, Walnut

Creek Park with approximately 224 ha, Buzzard Peak Open Space with approximately

29.6 ha, the Voorhis Ecological Reserve with 31 ha and Galster Wilderness Park with approximately 17 ha. As of summer, 2017, unprotected natural vegetation in the Hills total approximately 565 ha (Fig. 2).

Hills and its location in Southern California. The Hills are outlined in green. Mapoutlinedare Hills in green. locationand California. The in its Southern Hills th.

Map of the San José Mapof San the

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( e r atur ep Tem C) ° 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Regional (Western monthly temperature 2017

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15 METHODS Research on the historical flora of the San José Hills was conducted through a physical review of the herbaria of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona and

Mount San Antonio College in Walnut. Searches for records of collections from the study area housed in other herbaria were conducted through the online database of the

Consortium of California Herbaria (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/) to include vouchers of historical collections as part of the study. Historical voucher identification/determination information was not checked for accuracy; listed identifications were relied upon for completion of the checklist.

For field collection, permission was obtained from all cities and parklands converging on the San José Hills study area. In addition, a Voucher Collection Permit for the collection of rare threatened and endangered plant species was obtained from the

California Department of Fish & Wildlife Habitat Conservation Planning Branch. All parklands and accessible wildlands were included in the survey, covering approximately

2000 ha.

Collections occurred in natural areas throughout the San José Hills during every month of each year in 2-6 hour trips totaling over 250 days from spring 2014 through spring 2017. Vouchers were immediately placed into a waterproof Herbarium Supply

Company field press until they could be placed in a wooden plant press to dry. All vouchers are now housed in the CSPU Herbarium (Index Herbariorum, 2017). For each collection, geographic information was recorded, including locality, elevation, and

Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates using a Garmin Dakota 20 (3–10 m accuracy). Habitat information collected included soil type, which was determined through field soil texture measurements by moistening a sample of soil, kneading to a

16 bolus, and extruding a ribbon to establish soil texture grade. Other collected information included substrate (using USGS maps), vegetation community (using Holland and Keil

1995), aspect (using Garmin Dakota 20), slope (using compass clinometer), and associated species. Information was entered into an Excel spreadsheet to create specimen labels in Microsoft Word. Identification of all taxa collected in this study were conducted using The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California (Baldwin and Goldman 2012) and the Jepson eFlora 2017 (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ May 10, 2017) for corrections and changes in nomenclature.

RESULTS

Historical Collections

The historical record search of the Consortium of California Herbaria yielded 1189 records, 932 of which are unique collection records from 157 collectors housed in 19 institutions: A, CAS, CDA, CHSC, CSUSB, GH, JEPS, LA, OBI, PASA, POM, RSA,

SBBG, SD, SEINET, UC, UCD, UCSB, UCR, and VVC (Index Herbariorum, 2017), see

Table 1). The first historical collection vouchered for the San José Hills was Emmenanthe penduliflora in 1897, made by Harley Pierce Chandler, a botany professor at University of California, Berkeley. The most prolific historical collectors for the area were Louis

Cutter Wheeler with 189 unique collections and Philip Alexander Munz with 83 unique collections. Other significant contributors included Monica Acosta with 37 collections,

Lyman Benson with 32, Robert Lloyd with 26, Benjamin Rangel with 26, E.S. Spaulding with 26, Naomi Fraga with 25, Scott D. White with 23, Justin M. Wood with 21, Ian

Thompson with 20, and Jim Reutzel with 20 vouchers. Other notable collectors in the

Hills include Samuel Bonsall Parish who collected Chorizanthe staticoides in the Hills in

1901, Charles Fuller Baker who made several collections in Ganesha Park from 1904-

1909, Frederick Morris Reed who collected Stipa lepida and Stipa pulchra in 1920, and

Ira Waddell Clokey who made several collections near Puddingstone Dam in the late

1930s.

The CSPU herbarium, separate from the Consortium of California Herbaria, currently houses 852 collections made in the San José Hills from 109 collectors. Naomi

Fraga was the most prolific collector with 45 unique collection records; other significant contributors included Karen Jensen with 41, C. L. Layton with 40, Stuart Watanabe with

39, Katharine Aebi with 33, Mary Laughlin and A. H. Ross with 28 each, Esther Myung with 27, Chris Brady, Jill Munsell, and Kristina Crabtree with 26 each, Cindy Shannon with 25, Robert Hogenauer with 23, Natasha Neumann with 22, and Ian Thompson and

Jorge Ochoa with 20 vouchers each. The Mount San Antonio College Herbarium also houses 14 specimens that occur in the San José Hills in the “Ganisha [sic] Hills” area.

Collections in this study

I made 710 collections in the study area, 78 of which represent taxa which are either new to the San José Hills study area or are previously documented in the Hills but lacked extant vouchers. Newly collected taxa increased the flora by 13%.

Flora

Numerical summary

There are 94 families of vascular plants represented in the San José Hills, 322 genera, 534 species, and 571 minimum rank taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids). The largest family is the Asteraceae, which includes 16% of the total number of genera and 13% of the minimum rank taxa (Table 2). The second largest family is the Poaceae, which includes 7% of the total number of genera and 10% of the minimum rank taxa. The Fabaceae contains 4% of the total number of genera, and the

Boraginaceae and Brassicaceae each contain 3% of the total number of genera (Table 2).

Native species are in higher representation in the Hills than non-native species; however, non-native species make up a third of the flora (Table 3). There are more perennial forb species in the Hills than annual forb species (Table 3).

Eleven aquatic plants occur in the San José Hills, eight of which are native, consisting of two annual herbs and six perennial herbs (Table 3). There are also three exotic aquatic perennial herbs also found within the Hills (Table 3).

Although there are no federal or state listed taxa in the San José Hills, there are 16 rare plant taxa, which comprise 3% of the flora (CNPS Inventory of Rare and

Endangered Plants, 2017). There are six 1B listed plants under the category of rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere; three of these are 1B.1, seriously threatened in California (over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat), two of which are endemic to California. Four of the 1B listed plants are 1B.2, rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat). There is one 2B.2 listed taxon under the category of rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere, moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat). Seven taxa are listed as 4.2 plants of limited distribution - a watch list, moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat) with limited distribution, four of which are endemic to

California. Two taxa are listed as 4.3 plants of limited distribution - a watch list, not very threatened in California (less than 20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known) (Table 4).

Plant communities

Vegetation classification is based on Holland and Keil (1995); other classifications are more inclusive but are not used here because the focus of this study is the reporting of taxa rather than plant community assemblages. A majority of the San

José Hills is made up of southern coastal scrub community, which is dominated by

Artemisia californica, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Mimulus aurantiacus, several Salvia species, and Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Holland and Kiel, 1995). Southern coastal scrub/mixed chaparral (upper sage scrub) includes species such as Heteromeles arbutifolia, Malosma laurina, Rhamnus crocea, Rhus integrifolia, Ribes spp., and

Toxicodendron diversilobum. Two taxa that were uncharacteristically abundant in Bonelli

Regional Park were Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii, which occurred in two small populations, and Malosma laurina, which occurred in several monospecific stands in the northeastern portion of the park.

Within openings in certain areas of the scrub communities there is an abundance of microphytic bryophyte crusts composed of many species of mosses and liverworts.

These microphytes catch run-off and create a moisture-retaining understory in the semi- arid environment, providing stabilization of the soil and increasing soil organic carbon concentrations through both fixation and erosion control (Hernandez and Knudsen 2012;

Cantón et al. 2014). Taxa of liverworts present in the biological soil crusts of the San José

Hills include Asterella californica, Fossombronia sp., Riccia spp. and Sphaerocarpos spp. Mosses include Bryum argentium, Didymodon sp., Fissidens sublimata, Funaria hygrometrica, Funaria sp., Homalothecium sp., Ptychostomum sp., Rosulabryum sp.,

Syntrichia princeps, and Timiella sp.

Southern oak woodland is the second most abundant plant community within the

Hills, dominated by the keystone species Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia. Southern oak woodland/California black walnut woodland occurs on north-facing slopes throughout much of the Hills (Brown 1982). Plantanus racemosa (sycamore) and several willows occur in the many valley and foothill riparian communities along the intermittent streams that cut across the Hills from North to South. Southern California black walnut woodland dominated by Juglans californica is found intermittently on the slopes of the San José

Hills, mainly on north-facing hillsides and in siltstone-shale substrate (Quinn 1990).

Riparian areas include perennial streams such as Walnut Creek and ephemeral streams such as Kellogg Creek. Trees such as Fraxinus spp., Juglans californica and Quercus agrifolia dominate with an understory of non-native grasses, Rubus spp. and

Toxicodendron diversilobum. There is one small seep area in the Bonelli Regional Park area that has an interior dominated by Baccharis spp., Juncus spp. and Elymus triticoides while the exterior is dominated by non-native Brassica nigra, B. rapa, and Hirschfeldia incana.

Although there are scattered patches of native bunchgrasses such as Stipa pulchra,

Stipa lepida, and Melica imperfecta throughout the Hills, non-native grasses are more prevalent. In fact, non-native grasslands dominate large areas of the Hills, covering approximately one third of the land surveyed.

Table 1. Institutions that house vouchers from the San José Hills used in this study. Herbarium Code Institution Name Location CAS California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA CDA California Department of Food and Sacramento, CA Agriculture: Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium CHSC Chico State Herbarium Chico, CA CSUSB Herbarium, California State University, San Bernardino, CA San Bernardino A Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA Harvard University Herbaria GH Gray Herbarium, Harvard University Cambridge, MA Herbaria JEPS Jepson Herbarium, University of Berkley, CA California, Berkley LA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA Herbarium OBI California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo CA PASA Pasadena City College (permanent loan at San Marino, CA Huntington Botanical Gardens Herbarium) POM Pomona Herbarium (in Rancho Santa Ana Claremont, CA Botanic Garden) RSA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, CA SBBG Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Santa Barbara, CA SD San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego, CA SEINET University of Arizona Herbarium Tucson, AZ (misc. institutions) Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium, Brigham Provo, UT Young University UC University Herbarium, University of Berkley, CA California, Berkley UCD Center for Plant Diversity, University of Davis, CA California, Davis UCR University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA UCSB Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Santa Barbara, CA Ecological Restoration, University of California Santa Barbara VVC A. Louise Baartz Memorial Herbarium, Victorville, CA Victor Valley College

Table 2. Five largest families and six largest genera (by number of species) in the San José Hills flora.

Taxonomic rank % of flora Minimum rank Number % native % non- taxa of species native Family Asteraceae 13 76 74 74 26 Poaceae 10 59 55 29 71 Fabaceae 7 43 41 58 42 Boraginaceae 5 29 26 100 0 Brassicaceae 4 22 21 39 61 Genus Phacelia 1.3 8 8 100 0 Euphorbia 1.3 8 8 50 50 Lupinus 1.3 8 8 100 0 Trifolium 1.3 8 7 75 25 Quercus 1.3 7 7 100 0 Juncus 1.3 8 7 100 0

Table 3. Numerical summary of the San José Hills flora. Taxa Flora Total Species % of the flora Taxonomic diversity Families 94 Genera 322 Species 534 Minimum rank taxa 571 (spp., subspp., vars., hybrids) Origin Native - 358 67 Non-native - 176 33 Lifeforms - Annual forbs - 197 37 Biennial forbs - 5 <1 Perennial forbs - 101 19 Graminoids - 73 13 Small shrubs - 52 9 Trees - 40 7 Vines - 12 2 Geophytes - 9 1 Pteridophytes - 11 2 Aquatic - 11 2 Succulents - 7 1 Large shrubs - 5 <1 Parasites - 4 <1 Suffruticose perennial - 2 <1 Lycophytes - 3 <1 Palms - 2 <1

Table 4. CNPS listed plants in the San José Hills. CNPS categories: 1B.1 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, seriously threatened in California (over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat); 1B.2 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat); 2B.2 rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere, moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat); 4.2 limited distribution; 4.3 limited distribution, not very threatened in California (less than 20% of occurrences threatened/low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known).

Taxon CNPS listing CA endemism Juglans hindsii 1B.1 endemic Malva assurgentiflora 1B.1 endemic Quercus dumosa 1B.1 California macrophylla 1B.2 Dudleya multicaulis 1B.2 endemic Calochortus weedii var. intermedius 1B.2 endemic Senecio aphanactis 2B.2 Azolla microphylla 4.2 Phacelia hubbyi 4.2 Quercus ×ewanii 4.2 endemic Quercus durata var. gabrielensis 4.2 endemic Quercus engelmannii 4.2 endemic Calochortus catalinae 4.2 endemic Asplenium vespertinum 4.2 Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum 4.3 endemic

Table 5 Families with no non-native species in the San José Hills. The representative genera in the San José Hills are included for each family

Family Genus Adoxaceae Sambucus Agavaceae Chlorogalum Alismataceae Echinodorus Alliaceae Allium Araceae Lemna Araliaceae Hydrocotyle Aspleniaceae Asplenium Azollaceae Azolla Betulaceae Alnus Boraginaceae Amsinckia, Cryptantha, Emmenanthe, Eucrypta, Heliotropium, Nemophila, Pectocarya, Phacelia, Pholistoma, Plagiobothrys Crassulaceae Crassula, Dudleya Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita, Marah Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris Equisetaceae Equisetum Fagaceae Quercus Grossulariaceae Ribes Hydrocharitaceae Najas Iridaceae Sisyrinchium Isoetaceae Isoetes

Juncaceae Juncus Lauraceae Umbellularia Liliaceae Calochortus Melanthaceae Toxicoscordion Montiaceae Claytonia, Montia Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis Orobanchaceae Castilleja Paeoniaceae Paeonia Papaveraceae Eschscholzia, Meconella, Papaver, Romneya Phrymaceae Mimulus Polemoniaceae Eriastrum, Gilia, Leptosiphon Polypodiaceae Polypodium Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton Primulaceae Androsace, Primula Pteridaceae Adiantum, Aspidotis, Myriopteris, Pellaea, Pentagramma Ranunculaceae Clematis, Ranunculus Rhamnaceae Frangula, Rhamnus Salicaceae Populus, Salix Sapindaceae Acer Saxifragaceae Lithophragma, Micranthes Selaginellaceae Selaginella

Themidaceae Bloomeria, Dichelostemma, Muilla Typhaceae Typha Verbenaceae Phyla, Verbena Violaceae Viola Viscaceae Phoradendron

DISCUSSION

The flora of the San José Hills includes 7.5% of the 7634 total minimum rank taxa found in the California Floristic Province (Baldwin et al. 2012). Native minimum rank taxa of the San José Hills are relatively underrepresented (69.6%) compared to the native minimum rank taxa in California which make up 85% of the total flora (Baldwin et al.

2012). Thus, naturalized minimum rank taxa make up approximately 16% more of the flora of the San José Hills than they do for the entire state (Baldwin et al. 2012).

Interestingly, of the 185 plant families in the California flora, the San José Hills contain over 50% (Baldwin et al. 2012). The largest vascular plant family in California and the

San José Hills is the Asteraceae, which contains 18% of the total genera in California

(Baldwin et al. 2012) and 17% of the total genera in the San José Hills. The second largest family for both California and the San José Hills is the Poaceae, which makes up

7.8% and 9.3% of the genera in their respective floras (Baldwin et al. 2012). Though a larger proportion of grasses are represented in the San José Hills, the vast majority of them are non-native, with only 28.8% of the 59 minimum rank taxa present being native.

The third largest family in California is the Brassicaceae, which is the fifth most prominent in the San José Hills (Baldwin et al. 2012). The Fabaceae is the fourth largest family of California and the third most prominent in the San José Hills (Baldwin et al.

2012). Of the five most prominent families in each flora, the only families that are not shared between the two floras are the Rosaceae, which is the fifth most common in

California and the Boraginaceae, which is the fourth most common family in the San José

Hills.

A local flora with relatively high diversity is that of Glendora’s South Hills,

30 which contains 235 minimum rank taxa over the 89 ha South Hills Wilderness Area

(Swinney 1994). The number of minimum rank taxa per area in the San José Hills is only

23% of the South Hills Wilderness Area, with 2.4 times the minimum rank taxa over an area 10.5 times greater. The elevation in Glendora South Hills is 225-369m, similar to the range in the San José Hills, and the substrate of the South Hills of Glendora is underlain with the same Glendora Volcanics and Topanga Puente formation that form the substrate of most of the San José Hills (Shelton 1955), so it is not surprising that the diversity in the South Hills is high. As for the San José Hills, the Asteraceae of Glendora’s South

Hills contains the most minimum rank taxa (19.6%; Swinney 1994). Similarly, the second largest family for the Glendora South Hills is the Poaceae, representing over 7% of the minimum rank taxa (Swinney 1994). The Poaceae also contains the majority of the non-native taxa found within the Glendora South Hills (Swinney 1994).

A local floristic analysis that covered an area larger than that of the San José Hills

(1416 ha compared with 937.6 ha) with a larger elevational range (91-423 m) resulted in a checklist for the Whittier Hills (Schneider-Ljubenkov and Ross 2001). However, the

Whittier Hills checklist has 52% fewer minimum rank taxa than the San José Hills

(Schneider-Ljubenkov and Ross 2001). Of the 281 taxa within the Whittier Hills 100

(35.5%) are non-native, a comparable but slightly larger proportion compared to that

(30%) of the San José Hills (Schneider-Ljubenkov and Ross 2001).

During this study, 78 taxa were newly vouchered for the San José Hills, contributing to 13% of the flora. Non-native taxa comprised 38% of the newly vouchered species; 41% of these are grown ornamentally and are likely escapees from nearby developed areas, whereas the other 59% are common to the surrounding areas. The 62%

31 of the newly vouchered taxa that were native included some interesting and unexpected species, including Acer negundo, Fraxinus latifolia, Fraxinus velutina, Populus trichocarpa, Salix gooddingii, and Umbellularia californica; it was surprising that highly visible plant taxa such as these were not vouchered until this study. Most of these species are restricted to canyons and riparian habitats with cooler temperatures and an abundance of water.

Only a few individuals were found of certain newly vouchered taxa such as Rhus aromatica and Pellaea andromedifolia, both of which are at higher elevations in the hills.

Petunia parviflora was found in only one site in the hills near Puddingstone Dam and

Reservoir. Azolla microphylla is another taxon that was found on only one occasion in

Walnut Creek, which is not surprising because it is an ephemeral species. Other newly vouchered taxa were found in greater numbers, but occurred only in one seep meadow in

Bonelli Park were Elymus triticoides, Spergularia bocconi and Spergularia macrotheca var. macrotheca.

Native horticultural species that are likely escapees in the San José Hills from early in the 20th century include Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii, Malva assurgentiflora, and

Umbellularia californica. Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii is found within the study area in two small populations, one of which is on north facing slopes in Bonelli Regional Park near Mountain Meadows Golf Course, where Malosma laurina was also found in great abundance. One possible cause of the dense stands of M. laurina and the occurrence of P. ilicifolia ssp. lyonii is the presence of a high water table within the northernmost area of the Bonelli Regional Park. Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii was also adjacent to Puddingstone

Reservoir, where an abundance of water can support a good sized stand of these shrubs.

There are 15 CNPS listed plants in the San José Hills from 11 families (Table 4).

Four taxa are from the Fagaceae in the genus Quercus, including the recognized hybrid

Quercus ×ewanii (= Quercus ×grandidentata), a hybrid of Quercus engelmannii and

Quercus durata var. gabrielensis. One occurrence of the island mallow Malva assurgentiflora was historically recorded as one plant in dry clay soil near Puddingstone

Dam in 1932 by Louis Cutter Wheeler and annotated in 2009 by David J Keil. It is the second most inland occurrence of M. assurgentiflora in California by 3 km, the most inland occurrence being in Northern California near Soledad. One occurrence of

California macrophyllum (=Erodium macrophyllum) was collected by Louis Cutter

Wheeler in 1955 in the San José Hills ~804 meters northeast of Puddingstone Dam, and the voucher was annotated (as Erodium macrophyllum) by LeRoy Gross in 2001. One occurrence of Juglans hindsii was documented by R. E. Riefner, Jr. growing on the banks of Lemon Creek in the city of Walnut in 1998. Phacelia hubbyi is known from two occurrences within the San José Hills, one collected by J. C. Roos from Kellogg Hill in

1947 and one collected on the Cal Poly Pomona campus by Benjamen Rangel in 1992.

As stated previously, all taxa listed here are based on collector identification; no determination was made of the vouchers during this study.

One occurrence of Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum is documented in recent historical vouchers, however collector notes indicate that it was hydro-seeded onto the slopes, indicating it did not occur naturally. This taxon was relocated, determined and vouchered by during this study in 2017.

Two CNPS listed taxa in the Liliaceae that are in the San José Hills are

Calochortus catalinae, known from two occurrences, and Calochortus weedii var.

33 intermedius, which is widespread and abundant in the Hills, and was collected during this study. The ephemeral aquatic fern Azolla microphylla was collected during fieldwork within the study site, this newly vouchered specimen being the southernmost documented occurrence of this species bringing the distribution 39.5 km east-southeast from the last documented occurrence in Pasadena by Marcus E Jones. Dudleya multicaulis has been historically recorded in the Hills since E. S. Spalding 1926 (San Jose Canyon? [sic]) and

Louis Cutter Wheeler 1936 at Puddingstone Dam. Dudleya multicaulis was also collected during this study; there are two known populations on and adjacent to the Bonelli

Regional Park area.

The majority of non-native plants in North America are associated with the agricultural industry or are horticultural escapees (Reichard and White 2001). Plants that were introduced during the last few hundred years were usually cultivated and selected for extreme traits as sources of food, for medicinal purposes, for grazing animals or for soil stabilization (Robbins 1940; Mack 2005; Wilsey et al. 2014). The past use of the San

José Hills for mining and agriculture, coupled with the introduction of the railway and the highly urbanized landscape, has created opportunity for non-native plants to spread rapidly within the range.

Apart from some of the non-native trees, the majority of non-native invasive taxa in the San José Hills either reproduce vegetatively, or produce large quantities of seed at the end of a rapid life cycle. Further, many of these taxa are able to adapt to different environments (Dudley 2000). The four plant families that make up half of the non-native species within the San José Hills are the Poaceae (24%), the Asteraceae (11%), the

Fabaceae (10%), and the Brassicaceae (8%). The majority of non-native Poaceae species

34 within the San José Hills (70%) are annual species, graminoids that in general rely on wind-pollination and dispersal of fruit via wind, larger herbivores and smaller scatter- hoarding herbivores (Brooks 2000; Myers et al. 2004; Campos et al. 2017). Of the 43 taxa of non-native grasses, 30% are perennial species which spread not only through seed but also vegetatively; Arundo donax is an example of one species with this reproductive strategy (Dudley 2000).

Non-native Asteraceae within the San José Hills are mainly annual species that produce wind-dispersed fruit with plumose or comose parachute-like structures that allow them to spread a relatively great distance from the parent plant; one example of this local long-distance dispersal by wind is in the species Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. pycnocephalus which can disperse seeds 99 m from the parent plant in strong winds

(Andersen 1993; Bossard and Lichti 2000). Individual plants of some of the non-native annual species of the Asteraceae, including Cirsium vulgare, can produce tens of thousands of seeds before death (Randall 2000.) The non-native Fabaceae of the San José

Hills are predominantly annual forbs, and while the dehiscent fruits can spread seed away from the parent plant, the species also rely on scatter-hoarding herbivores to effectively disperse the seed, scarify the seed coat and make seed unavailable to other predators, increasing the possibility of seed survival and germination (Campos et al. 2017). The

Brassicaceae is made up mainly of annual species, with some that can persist as biennials or perennials (Baldwin and Goldman 2012); the pod-like fruits of this family are capable of ballistic dispersal of seeds some distance from the parent plant (Hofhuis et al. 2016).

Horticultural edible, medicinal and ornamental escapees have been observed to follow riparian corridors within the San José Hills, as well as spreading in disturbed

35 coastal sage scrub. Non-natives present in the San José Hills that are likely horticultural escapees include trees such as Acacia spp., Carya illinoinensis, Eucalyptus spp., Juglans regia, Morus alba, Olea europea, Schinus molle, Schinus terebinthifolius, Ulmus parvifolia, Washingtonia robusta, Ficus carica and Ailanthus altissima, the latter three being highly invasive along riparian corridors within the San José Hills. Shrubs that have likely spread from horticultural sources include Cistus incanus, Nerium oleander, Punica granatum, Spartium junceum and Tamarix parviflora; none of these were found in high abundance in the San José Hills. Non-native ornamental shrubs that were abundant include Rubus spp., and Ricinus communis. Herbs that are considered horticultural escapees within the San José Hills include Anthemis cotula, Asphodelus fistulosus,

Cortaderia jubata, Euphorbia lathyris, Glebionis coronaria, Mentha spicata, Passiflora caerulea, Foeniculum vulgare, Parthenocissus inserta, Pennisetum setaceum, and Vinca major, the latter four being highly abundant in the San José Hills. Parthenocissus inserta and V. major occurred mainly along riparian courses; F. vulgare and P. setacium occurred in drier disturbed sage scrub habitat (Lovich 2000).

Non-natives in the San José Hills that are associated with early settlements, mining activities, railroad colonization, stabilization or are from an agricultural source include grasses such as Arundo donax, used by early settlers as building material, Avena spp., Bromus spp., Festuca perennis and Hordeum spp., which arrived with livestock and crops, and Pennisetum clandestinum which was used to prevent soil erosion between citrus crops (Dudley 2000). Herbaceous non-natives from these sources include Brassica spp., Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. pycnocephalus, Centaurea melitensis, Erodium spp., Euphorbia spp., Lepidium spp., Marrubium vulgare, Medicago

36 spp., Melilotus spp., Plantago spp., Salsola tragus, Sisymbrium spp., Trifolium spp.,

Verbascum virgatum, and Vicia spp..

Aquatic non-natives are known to rapidly invade wetlands and riparian areas, disturbing biodiversity and ecosystem balance (Zedler and Kercher 2004). Presence of non-native aquatic taxa like Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ludwigia grandiflora in

Puddingstone Reservoir could be the result of recreational use of the reservoir with boats, which when left uncleansed are a known vector for transport of invasive aquatic species

(Zedler and Kercher 2004; Vander Zanden and Olden 2008).

There are 29 newly vouchered non-native taxa within the San José Hills, some of which are considered high impact for native ecosystems according to the California

Invasive Plant Council, including: Arundo donax, Asphodelus fistulosus, Cortaderia jubata, Ehrharta longiflora, Schinus terebinthifolius and Vinca major (Bossard et al.

2000). Other taxa include perennial trees and shrubs such as Nerium oleander, Olea europa, Punica granatum, Washingtonia robusta and Ulmus parvifolia, perennial vines

Parthenocissus inserta and Rubus ulmifolius var. anoplothyrsus, graminoids such as

Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum, Stipa miliacea var. miliacea, and annual herbs

Hedypnois rhagadioloides, Lythrum hyssopifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Polycarpon tetraphyllum. var. tetraphyllum, Portulaca oleracea, Spergularia bocconi, Vicia sativa,

Veronica persica and Veronica anagallis-aquatica.

There are a number of historically recorded taxa that were not found during the course of this study. Some of these are listed as threatened, rare or endangered, and while it is possible that they are extirpated, it is also possible that they are limited to only a few individuals not encountered during the study. Another issue is with the location

37 information of the historical vouchers dating back to the turn of the 20th century simply stating “San Jose Hills”. It is highly likely that these occurred in areas where development has since removed the habitat they once occupied, as only 24% of the natural lands of the San José Hills remain. One example of this is Puddingstone Dam and

Reservoir in Bonelli Regional Park. Before the 1950s, the reservoir was only filled as a result of the flow of natural waterways, to keep any overflow from causing damage to the towns below; at most the water level was sufficient to cover 35 acres, at other times it was not that large. The decision to fill the canyon in the 1950s (Covina Argus 1951) consequently made the rediscovery of those taxa vouchered in the area impossible.

Conclusion The San José Hills are part of the highly urbanized and suburbanized San Gabriel and Pomona valleys, with 6 different cities converging on the range. This recent isolation due to urbanization is known to create “habitat islands”, areas of high diversity that can be found near cities persisting despite the critically altered landscape around them

(Nielsen et al. 2014). The San José Hills are an example of a highly impacted area containing a great diversity of plants: 7.5% of the flora of California can be found in this small area. Although the fragmented but continuous structure of the planned East San

Gabriel SEA allows interaction between and through larger intact habitat areas, there is a potential for species found within the “habitat islands” to become isolated, as regular gene flow from the Transverse to Peninsular ranges is difficult to attain except in those plant species where wind and bird pollination are the major strategies (PCR Services

Corporation 2006). Increasing urbanization of the area could create remnant plant communities that persist in near isolation unless more habitat is protected.

CATALOG OF THE VASCULAR FLORA

All vascular plants found within the San José Hills study area that were documented from fieldwork and herbarium searches through June 2017 are listed below.

Order of taxa and nomenclature follow Flora of North America 2015, the Jepson eFlora

2017 (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/), and Baldwin and Goldwin 2012. Non-native taxa are denoted with an asterisk (*). Taxon frequency is categorized as: common, frequent, occasional, infrequent or rare (with CNPS listing).

Lycophytes

Isoetaceae Isoetes nuttallii A. Braun ex Engelm., Nuttall's quillwort. Aquatic lycophyte. Infrequent Along perennial riparian zones, known from historic collection near Puddingstone Dam. Wheeler 2437 (RSA)

Isoetes orcuttii A.A. Eaton, Orcutt's quillwort. Aquatic lycophyte. Infrequent Along perennial riparian zones, known from historic collection near Puddingstone Dam. Wheeler 2436 (POM)

Selaginellaceae Selaginella bigelovii Underw., Bigelow's moss fern, Bigelow's spike moss, bushy spikemoss. Lycophyte. Infrequent Rocky outcrops. Clokey and Anderson 6532 (JEPS)

Ferns

Aspleniaceae Asplenium vespertinum Maxon, western spleenwort. Fern. Rare, 4.2 limited, moderate in rocky outcrops. Munz, Street, Williams 2454 (DS)

Azollaceae Azolla microphylla Kaulf., Mexican mosquito fern. Fern. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution found along perennial riparian zone, Walnut Creek. Berbeo AEB568 (CSPU)

Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., bladder fern, brittle bladder fern, brittle fern, fragile fern. Fern. Infrequent, known from Walnut Creek on rock outcrop. Wood 4640 (RSA)

Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Maxon, California wood fern. Fern. Occasional along perennial riparian zone. Clokey and Anderson 6502 (UC)

Equisetaceae Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. subsp. braunii (J. Milde) Hauke, giant horsetail. Fern. Infrequent along perennial riparian zone, known from historic collection near Puddingstone Dam. Munz 7773 (POM)

Polypodiaceae Polypodium californicum Kaulf., California polypody. Fern. Infrequent along perennial riparian zone. Kendall 1 30 Jan 1921 (UCSB)

Polypodium hesperium Maxon, hybrid. Fern. Infrequent, known from northeastern Bonelli Park. Berbeo AEB356 (CSPU)

Pteridaceae Adiantum jordanii Müll. Hal., California maidenhair fern. Fern. Infrequent along perennial riparian zone. Munz, Harwood 3317 (POM)

Myriopteris newberryi (D. C. Eaton) Grusz & Windham, Newberry's lip fern. Fern. Infrequent in sage scrub. Baker 4733 (POM)

Pellaea andromedifolia (Kaulf.) Fée, coffee cliffbrake, coffee fern. Fern. Common on rocky outcrops. May s.n. 3 May 1949 (RSA)

Pentagramma triangularis (J.T. Howell) Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw (Kaulf.) Maxon, gold back fern. Fern. Infrequent in sage scrub, walnut woodland, oak woodland, rocky outcrops. Elkin s.n. 6 Feb 1948 (RSA)

Magnoliids

Lauraceae Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., bay laurel, California bay, California laurel, bay tree, Oregon myrtle. Tree. Occasional in oak woodland, disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB621 (CSPU)

Eudicots Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra L. subsp. caerulea (Raf.) Bolli, blue elderberry. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Wilson 3 (RSA)

Amaranthaceae *Alternanthera caracasana Kunth, washerwoman. Perennial herb. Infrequent, known from Puddinstone Reservoir in Bonelli Regional Park. Riefner 7-342 (GH)

*Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., alligator weed, alligatorweed. Aquatic perennial herb. Infrequent, known from Puddinstone Reservoir in Bonelli Regional Park. Pendleton s.n. 17 Aug 1990 (UCD)

*Amaranthus albus L., pigweed amaranth, tumbleweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Aebi/Olivas 48 (CSPU)

*Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (Salzm. ex Uline & W.L. Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol, purple amaranth. Annual herb, waif. Riefner 7-343 (RSA)

Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) S. Watson, California amaranth, California pigweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler 2120 (RSA)

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, Carelessweed, Palmer's amaranth. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB424 (CSPU)

*Amaranthus retroflexus L., green amaranth, red root pigweed, red rooted amaranth, redroot amaranth, rough pigweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 5677 (RSA)

Anacardiaceae Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Abrams, laurel sumac. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Acosta 41 (RSA)

Rhus aromatica Aiton, fragrant sumac, skunk bush. Shrub. Infrequent in chaparral/sage scrub. Berbeo AEB313 (CSPU)

Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Rothr., lemonade berry, lemonade sumac. Shrub. Common in chaparral/sage scrub. Young P-365 (RSA)

Rhus ovata S. Watson, sugar bush, sugar sumac. Shrub. Common in chaparral/sage scrub. Julian s.n. 7 Mar 1963 (RSA)

*Schinus molle L., pepper tree, Peruvian pepper tree, Peruvian peppertree. Tree. Common in disturbed areas. Wheeler 948 (POM)

*Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Brazilian pepper tree, Brazilian peppertree. Tree to shrub. Common in disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB506 (CSPU)

Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene, western poison oak, poison oak, poisonoak. Shrub or vine-like. Common in sage scrub. White s.n. 23 Apr 1948 (RSA)

Apiaceae *Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb., bur chervil, bur chevril. Annual herb. Common in disturbed sage scrub. Ortega AOJO-8 (CSPU)

*Apium graveolens L., garden celery, smallage. Annual or biennial herb. Common, known from Puddinstone Reservoir and in the "Ganesha Hills" area. Crow 242 (RSA)

Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, cut leaved water parsnip, cutleaf water parsnip, cutleaf waterparsnip, water parsnip. Perennial herb. Common, known from Puddinstone Reservoir in Bonelli Regional Park. Wheeler 12 (RSA)

Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav., hoary bowlesia. Annual herb. Occasional in oak woodlands, shaded areas. Wheeler s.n. 3 Mar 1931 (RSA)

*Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson, marsh parsley. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Ross 5742 (UC)

Daucus pusillus Michx., American wild carrot, rattlesnake weed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB673 (CSPU)

*Foeniculum vulgare Mill., fennel, sweet fennel, biscuit root. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, trailsides, and disturbed areas. Gilbert s.n. 14 May 1969 (RSA)

Lomatium vaginatum J.M. Coult. & Rose, broadsheath desertparsley, sheathed lomatium. Perennial herb. Common on grassy slopes in "Ganesha Hills" area. Munz 6583 (POM)

Sanicula arguta J.M. Coult. & Rose, sharp toothed sanicle, sharp toothed snakeroot, sharptooth blacksnakeroot. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 20 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Sanicula bipinnata Hook. & Arn., poison sanicle. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2415 (POM)

Sanicula crassicaulis DC., gamble weed, Pacific blacksnakeroot, Pacific sanicle. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler S-43 (RSA)

*Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn., short sock-destroyer, hedge parsley, knotted hedge parsley, knotted hedgeparsley, wild parsley. Annual herb. Common in disturbed sage scrub in the northeastern portion of the hills. Wheeler 710 (RSA)

Yabea microcarpa (Hook. & Arn.) Koso-Pol., California hedge parsley, false carrot. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub in the northeastern portion of the hills. Harwood 3306 (POM)

Apocynaceae Asclepias californica Greene, California milkweed. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler 9210 (RSA)

Asclepias eriocarpa Benth., kotolo, kotolo milkweed, indian milkweed, woolypod milkweed. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Ellis s.n. 22 Apr 1940 (PASA)

Asclepias fascicularis Decne., narrow-leaf milkweed, Mexican whorled milkweed. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Brady 26 (CSPU)

Funastrum cynanchoides (Decne.) Schltr. var. hartwegii (Vail) Krings, climbing milkweed. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 10 Apr 1931 (RSA)

*Nerium oleander L., oleander, common oleander. Tree, escaped cultivar. Infrequent, found along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB514 (CSPU)

*Vinca major L., greater periwinkle, bigleaf periwinkle, vinca. Perennial herb, escaped cultivar. Common in disturbed areas, along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB450 (CSPU)

Aquifoliaceae *Ilex cornuta , Chinese holly. Waif in disturbed areas. Sanders 29149 (RSA)

Araceae Lemna gibba L., duckweed, gibbous duckweed, swollen duckweed. Aquatic perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Wheeler 1301 (UC)

Lemna valdiviana Phil., Valdivia duckweed. Aquatic perennial herb. Infrequent, found along perennial riparian zones. Wheeler 1301 (RSA)

Araliaceae Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., floating marsh pennywort, floating marshpennywort, marsh pennywort. Aquatic perennial herb. Infrequent, found along perennial riparian zones, known from Snow Creek in Walnut. Bramlet 2826 (UCR)

Asteraceae Achillea millefolium L., common yarrow. Perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Rangel 777-10 (RSA)

Achyrachaena mollis Schauer, soft blow wives. Annual herb. Occasional, known from Puddingstone Dam area, in grassy adobe field. Wheeler 708 (RSA)

Acourtia microcephala DC., sacapellote. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Acosta 39 (RSA)

Ambrosia psilostachya DC., ragweed, western ragweed. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB523 (CSPU)

*Anthemis cotula L., mayweed, dog fennel, stinking chamomile. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub and wetland disturbed areas. Templeton, Clokey 5663 (UCR)

*Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns, Cape weed. Annual or perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas, known from Galster Park. del Pino 31 (RSA)

Artemisia californica Less., California sagebrush, coast sagebrush, coastal sage brush. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 1931 (RSA)

Artemisia douglasiana Besser, California mugwort, Douglas' sagewort. Perennial herb. Occasional, found along perennial riparian zones, known in Walnut Creek Park. Berbeo AEB539 (CSPU)

Baccharis glutinosa Pers., marsh baccharis, Douglas' baccharis, salt marsh baccharis. Perennial herb. Common, found along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Perez 44 (RSA)

Baccharis pilularis DC., coyote brush, dwarf chaparral broom. Shrub. Common, found in freshwater seep in Bonelli Regional Park. Berbeo AEB552 (CSPU)

Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. subsp. salicifolia, Mule fat, mulefat, mule's fat, seep willow. Shrub. Common, found along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Young P- 435 (POM)

Baccharis salicina Torr. & A. Gray, willow baccharis. Shrub. Common, known from old meander of San Jose Creek near Valley Blvd and Grand Ave. Bramlet 2827a (RSA)

*Bidens pilosa L., common beggarticks, hairy beggarticks. Annual herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, disturbed areas. Benson 11558 (POM)

Brickellia californica (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray, California brickellbush, brickell bush, California brickellia. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, known from Buzzard Peak area. Berbeo AEB222, AEB234 (CSPU)

*Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. pycnocephalus, Italian thistle. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. van Velzen 87-18 (RSA)

*Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Italian thistle, slender flowered thistle, winged plumeless thistle. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas, known from Cal Poly Pomona at edge of Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Rangel 777-34 (RSA)

*Centaurea melitensis L., Maltese star thistle, tocalote, Napa star thistle. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Rangel 777-46 (RSA)

Chaenactis glabriuscula DC., yellow pincushion, common yellow chaenactis. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Sparks s.n. 17 Apr 1948 (RSA)

Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps., cobweb thistle, western thistle. Biennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Bowers 929 (RSA)

*Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., bull thistle. Perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Young P-476 (RSA)

Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., common sandaster. Perennial herb, subshrub. Occasional in sage scrub. Harthill 599 (CSPU)

*Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. f., Australian brass buttons, Australian cotula, Australian waterbuttons. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Rangel 777-07 (RSA)

Deinandra fasciculata (DC.) Greene, clustered tarweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 6948 (UC)

Deinandra kelloggii (Greene) Greene, Kellogg's tarweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, Known from Puddingstone Dam. Ellis s.n. 21 Apr 1936 (PASA)

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., false daisy. Annual herb. Infrequent known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Wheeler 2122 (SBBG)

Encelia californica Nutt., bush sunflower, California brittlebush, California encelia. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Reinke s.n. 12 May 1971 (CSPU)

Ericameria palmeri var. pachylepis (H.M. Hall) G.L. Nesom, broad scaled Palmer's goldenbush, Palmer's rabbitbrush. Shrub. Infrequent known from Puddingstone Reservoir. Fleischman s.n. 20 Oct 1946 (A)

Ericameria parishii (Greene) H.M. Hall var. parishii, Parish's goldenbush, Parish's rabbitbrush, Parish goldenweed. Shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Three Oaks Preservation Area. Palenscar s.n. 2007 / 2008 (RSA)

Ericameria pinifolia (A. Gray) H.M. Hall, pine bush, pinebush. Shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Puddingstone Dam and Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Benson 11557 (POM)

*Erigeron bonariensis L., flax-leaved horseweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub in disturbed areas. Curran/Streight s.n. 30 Sep 1992 (CSPU)

Erigeron canadensis L., Canada horseweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub in disturbed areas. Curran/Streight s.n. 30 Sep 1992 (CSPU)

Erigeron foliosus Nutt., leafy fleabane, leafy daisy. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Layton 19-024 (CSPU). Record of var. foliosus, leafy fleabane, thread stemmed fleabane. Hill s.n. 1 May 1953 (CDA)

Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus, Philadelphia fleabane. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Puddingstone Dam. Munz, Street, Williams 2469 (POM)

*Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., tropical horseweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Sanders 29151 (UCR)

Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray, golden-yarrow, yellow-yarrow. Shrub, subshrub. Common in sage scrub. Baker 4746 (POM)

*Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, garland daisy, crown daisy. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, disturbed areas, known from Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Myung 10 (CSPU)

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt., lowland cudweed, western marsh cudweed. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, known from Puddingstone Dam. Shaw 598 (CAS)

Grindelia hirsutula Hook. & Arn., gumweed, hairy gumweed. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 6965 (UC)

Hazardia squarrosa var. grindelioides (DC.) W.D. Clark, gum plant goldenbush, saw toothed goldenbush, sawtooth bristleweed. Shrub. Occasional in sage scrub, known from Buzzard Peak area. Berbeo AEB215, AEB347 (CSPU)

*Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F. W. Schmidt, Crete weed. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, disturbed areas, known from Bonelli Regional Park. Berbeo AEB661 (CSPU)

Helenium puberulum DC., rosilla, sneezeweed. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent, found along perennial riparian zone in Walnut Creek Park, known from Puddinstone Reservoir. Wheeler 14 (POM)

Helianthus annuus L., common sunflower, hairy leaved sunflower, sunflower. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Layton 19-009 (CSPU)

*Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub, Bristly ox-tongue. Annual to perennial herb. Common in sage scrub and riparian zones, disturbed areas. Wheeler s.n. 6 May 1931 (RSA)

Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt., telegraph weed, telegraphweed. Annual to perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, roadways. McElroy s.n. 30 Sep 1982 (CSPU)

*Hypochaeris glabra L., smooth cat's-ear. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Brady 22 (CSPU)

Isocoma menziesii var. vernonioides (Nutt.) G.L. Nesom, coastal goldenbush, green leaved dune goldenbush, Menzies' goldenbush. Shrub. Occasional in sage scrub, known from a single voucher. Munz, Harwood 3307 (POM)

*Lactuca serriola L., prickly lettuce, prickly wild lettuce. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB455 (CSPU)

Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom, Coulter's horseweed. Annual herb. Occasional in perennial riparian zone, known from old meander of San Jose Creek. Bramlet 2827b (RSA)

Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt., branched lagophylla, common hareleaf. Annual herb. Infrequent in openings in sage scrub and grassland, known from Puddingstone Dam and Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Wheeler 1890 (RSA)

Lasthenia californica Lindl. subsp. californica, California goldfields. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grassland, known from one voucher from "Covina Hills". Culver s.n. March (RSA)

Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) A. Gray, tidy-tips, coastal tidytips. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grassland, known from Puddingstone Creek and Puddingstone Dam. Munz, Street, Williams 2446 (POM)

Lepidospartum squamatum (A. Gray) A. Gray, California broomsage, California broomshrub, scale broom, scalebroom. Shrub. Occasional in sage scrub, known in Walnut Creek Park. Berbeo AEB581 (CSPU)

Logfia filaginoides (Hook. & Arn.) Morefield, California cottonrose. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Berbeo s.n. 1 May 2015 (CSPU)

*Logfia gallica (L.) Coss. & Germ., daggerleaf cottonrose, narrowleaf cottonrose. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Ross 52 (CSPU)

Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray, cliff aster, cliff desertdandelion. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Rangel 777-45 (RSA) Record of var. tenuifolia (Nutt.) A. Gray, cliff desertdandelion, short leaved cliff aster. van Velzen 87-17 (RSA)

Osmadenia tenella Nutt., osmadenia, false rosinweed. Annual herb. Common in oak woodland. Wheeler 2582 (POM)

Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var. odorata, saltmarsh-fleabane, sweetscent. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in perennial riparian zone, known from Walnut Creek and "Puddingstone Canyon". Wheeler 1305 (RSA)

Pseudognaphalium biolettii Anderb., two-color rabbit-tobacco. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Bowers 552 (RSA)

Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) Anderb., ladies' tobacco. Annual to perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. van Velzen 87-16 (RSA)

Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.) Anderb., Wright's cudweed. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Thompson 21 (RSA)

Pseudognaphalium microcephalum (Nutt.) Anderb., felt-leaf everlasting, San Diego rabbit-tobacco. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Ross 19 (CSPU)

Rafinesquia californica Nutt., California chicory, California plumseed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 6968 (UC)

Senecio aphanactis Greene, chaparral ragwort, California groundsel, rayless ragwort. Annual herb. Rare, 2B.2 Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California, But More Common Elsewhere, moderate known from one voucher taken at Puddingstone Dam. Wheeler 472 (POM)

Senecio californicus DC., California ragwort, California butterweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from one voucher taken in San Jose Hills in Pomona area. Wheeler s.n. 20 Mar 1931 (RSA)

*Senecio vulgaris L., common groundsel, old man in the spring, old man of spring. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3361 (CAS)

*Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., blessed milkthistle, milk thistle. Annual to perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Whistler 640411-3 (UCR)

*Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper, spiny sowthistle. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Ellis s.n. 22 Apr 1940 (PASA)

*Sonchus oleraceus L., common sow thistle, common sowthistle, sow thistle. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, found in wetlands. Zuazo s.n. 9 Feb 1953 (RSA)

Stebbinsoseris heterocarpa (Nutt.) K.L. Chambers, grassland silverpuffs, grassland stebbinsoseris. Annual herb. Infrequent in perennial riparian zones, grassland, known from two vouchers taken at "Puddingstone Creek". Munz, Street, Williams 2430 (POM)

Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nelson, wire-lettuce, brownplume wirelettuce, desert straw. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, non native grassland, known from Bonelli Regional Park. White 4659 (SD)

Stephanomeria virgata Benth., rod wirelettuce, tall stephanomeria, twiggy wreath plant, virgate stephanomeria. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Streight s.n. 30 Sep 1982 (CSPU)

Stylocline gnaphaloides Nutt., everlasting nest straw, everlasting stylocline, mountain neststraw. Annual herb. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Williams, Street 2443 (POM)

Uropappus lindleyi (DC.) Nutt., silver puffs, uropappus. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub, known from "Puddingstone Canyon". Street, Williams 2427 (POM)

Xanthium strumarium L., cocklebur, rough cockleburr. Annual herb. Common, found along riparian waterways. Bartholomew s.n. 1 Jun 1961 (RSA)

Betulaceae Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., white alder. Tree. Infrequent, found along riparian courseways. Stickney 38 (CSPU)

Boraginaceae

Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & C.A. Mey., common fiddleneck. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3315 (POM)

Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr., small-flowered, fiddleneck, Menzies' fiddleneck. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 13148 (POM)

Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, bristly fiddleneck, checker fiddleneck, devil's lettuce, fiddleneck. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, oak woodland. Park 22 (SBBG)

Cryptantha clevelandii Greene, Cleveland's cryptantha. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3299 (POM)

Cryptantha intermedia (A. Gray) Greene, common cryptantha, Clearwater cryptantha. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2423 (POM)

Cryptantha microstachys (Greene ex A. Gray) Greene, popcorn flower, Tejon cryptantha. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3322 (POM)

Cryptantha muricata (Hook. & Arn.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr., pointed cryptantha, prickly cryptantha, prickly popcorn flower. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Crabtree 5 (CSPU)

Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth., whispering bells, whisperingbells. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Chandler s.n. 17 May 1897 (UC)

Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) Greene, common eucrypta, spotted eucrypta, spotted hideseed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Williams 2434 (POM)

Heliotropium curassavicum L. var. oculatum (A. Heller) I.M. Johnst. ex Tidestr., Chinese parsley, heliotrope, salt heliotrope, seaside heliotrope. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, wetland, alkaline soil. Wheeler s.n. 22 Apr 1931 (RSA)

Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn., baby blue eyes. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3343 (RSA) Record of var. integrifolia Parish, baby blue eyes. Munz, Street, Williams 2453 (POM) and var. menziesii, baby blue eyes. Wheeler s.n. 19 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Pectocarya linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. subsp. ferocula (I.M. Johnst.) Thorne, narrow- toothed pectocarya, sagebrush combseed, slender comb seed, slender pectocarya. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler 542 (POM)

Phacelia californica Cham., California phacelia, phacelia, rock phacelia. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Paik/Gardner s.n. 13 Mar 2009 (CSPU)

Phacelia cicutaria var hispida (A. Gray) J.T. Howell, caterpillar phacelia. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2432 (POM)

Phacelia distans Benth., common phacelia, distant phacelia, wild heliotrope. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3292 (POM)

Phacelia hubbyi (J.F. Macbr.) L.M. Garrison, Hubby's phacelia. Annual herb. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution in sage scrub. Roos 3603 (POM)

Phacelia minor (Harv.) Thell. ex F. Zimm., wild canterbury bells, California bluebell. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Price s.n. 7 Jun 1963 (CSPU)

Phacelia parryi Torr., Parry's phacelia. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. MacKay s.n. 8 Apr 1975 (VVC)

Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehm., branching phacelia. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Hogenauer 14 (CSPU)

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., lacy phacelia, tansy leafed phacelia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Armstrong s.n. 5 May 1949 (CSPU)

Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja, blue fiestaflower. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, oak woodland. Crow 243 (RSA) Record of var. auritum, fiesta flower. Turmezei 20 (RSA)

Pholistoma membranaceum (Benth.) Constance, white fiesta flower, white fiestaflower. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, riparian oak woodland. Young P-456 (RSA)

Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus (Piper) I.M. Johnst., adobe allocarya, adobe popcornflower. Annual herb. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Gross, Conway 3613 (RSA)

Plagiobothrys canescens Benth., grey popcorn flower, valley popcorn flower, valley popcornflower. Annual herb. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Street, Williams 2501 (POM)

Plagiobothrys collinus var. californicus (A. Gray) Higgins, California popcorn flower, Cooper's popcornflower. Annual herb. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3357 (POM)

Plagiobothrys nothofulvus (A. Gray) A. Gray, foothill snowdrops, rusty popcorn flower, rusty haired popcorn flower. Annual herb. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2473 (POM)

Brassicaceae Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene, athysanus, common sandweed, dwarf athysanus. Annual herb. Infrequent in oak woodland, grassy slopes. Munz, Harwood 3303 (POM)

*Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch, black mustard. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Acosta 2 (RSA)

*Brassica rapa L., turnip, field mustard, common mustard, rape mustard. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Philbick 458 (UCSB)

*Brassica tournefortii Gouan, Saharan mustard. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Murphy 2 (RSA)

*Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., shepherd's purse. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Teramura C12 (OBI)

Cardamine californica (Nutt.) Greene, milk maids, tooth wort, bitter cress, California toothwort. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found along riparian courseways, wetlands. Clokey, Anderson 6649 (UC)

Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hook. & Arn.) Payson, California mustard. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2420 (CAS)

*Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Fossat, Mediterranean hoary mustard, short podded mustard, summer mustard, wild mustard. Annual to perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Mayor s.n. 17 May 1973 (CSPU)

*Lepidium didymum L., lesser swine cress. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Aebi/Olivas/Alexander 7 (CSPU)

*Lepidium draba L., Heart-podded hoary cress, whitetop. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Munz 6914 (UC)

Lepidium nitidum Nutt., peppergrass, shining pepper grass, shining pepperweed, tongue grassq. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Munz 13138 (UCR)

Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton, water cress. Aquatic perennial herb. Common, found along riparian courseways, wetlands. Wheeler s.n. 7 Apr 1939 (RSA)

*Raphanus raphanistrum L., jointed charlock, painted charlock, wild radish. Annual to perennial herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Bowers 156 (RSA)

*Raphanus sativus L., radish. Annual to biennial herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Philbick 459 (UCSB)

*Sisymbrium altissimum L., tall tumblemustard, tumble mustard, tumbling mustard. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Aebi 10 (CSPU)

*Sisymbrium irio L., London rocket. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Mosbarger s.n. 16 Jan 1948 (RSA)

*Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., hedge mustard, hedgemustard. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Ross and Ross 5551 (RSA)

Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook., fringe pod, fringed pod, hairy lacepod, sand fringepod. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Wheeler 2401 (RSA) Record of subsp. curvipes, fringe pod. Munz, Street, Williams 2472 (POM)

Thysanocarpus laciniatus Nutt., common lace pod, mountain fringepod, narrow leaved fringe pod, narrow leaved lacepod. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3300 (POM)

Tropidocarpum gracile Hook., dobie pod, slender keel fruit, slender tropidocarpum. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2382 (POM)

Cactaceae *Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., mission prickly-pear, mission cactus, tuna cactus. Succulent shrub. Common in sage scrub. Walkington 182 (POM)

Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.) Cockerell, coast prickly pear, coastal pricklypear, western prickly pear. Succulent shrub. Common in sage scrub. Walkington 181 (POM)

Opuntia x vaseyi (J. M. Coult.) Britton & Rose, Vasey's prickly pear. Succulent shrub, hybrid. Common in sage scrub. Walkington 196 (POM)

Opuntia x occidentalis (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii x Opuntia littoralis x Opuntia phaeacantha) Engelm. & J.M. Bigelow, western prickly pear. Succulent shrub, hybrid. Infrequent in sage scrub. Walkington 192 (POM)

Caryophyllaceae *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., large mouse ears, mouseear chickweed, sticky chickweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2468 (POM)

Minuartia douglasii (Torr. & A. Gray) Mattf., Douglas' sandwort, Douglas' stitchwort. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, alkaline soil. Munz 2425 (UC)

*Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. var. tetraphyllum, four-leaved allseed, four leaved polycarp, fourleaf manyseed. Annual herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB709 (CSPU)

Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray subsp. occidentalis, western pearlwort. Annual herb. Common, found in wetlands. Howell 2386 (RSA)

*Silene gallica L., small-flower catchfly, windmill pink, common catchfly. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Reynolds s.n. 1 Mar 1953 (RSA)

Silene laciniata Cav., Cardinal catchfly. Perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Bolton s.n. 10 May 1966 (CSUSB) Record of subsp. laciniata, Cardinal catchfly. Baker 4742 (POM)

*Spergularia bocconi (Scheele) Graebn., Boccone's sand-spurry. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, wetland, alkaline soil. Berbeo AEB695 (CSPU)

Spergularia macrotheca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Heynh. var. macrotheca, sand spurrey, sticky sand spurry, sticky sandspurry. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, wetland, alkaline soil. Berbeo AEB315 (CSPU)

*Stellaria media (L.) Vill., common chickweed, chickweed. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas, oak woodland. Springer 19 (RSA)

Stellaria nitens Nutt., shining chickweed, shiny chickweed, smooth chickweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in oak woodland. Wheeler 534 (RSA)

Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L., lamb's quarters, lambs quarters, white goosefoot. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Hufstader 34 (UCSB)

Chenopodium californicum (S. Watson) S. Watson, California goosefoot, pigweed, soaproot. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Neumann NNOJ-017 (CSPU)

*Chenopodium murale L., nettle leaf goosefoot, sowbane. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Gubler 18 (RSA)

*Dysphania ambrosioides (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Mexican tea. Annual to perennial herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Crow 236 (RSA)

*Dysphania pumilio (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Tasmanian goosefoot. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Aebi 16 (CSPU)

Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene, Nuttall's poverty weed, Nuttall's povertyweed. Annual herb. Infrequent, found along riparian courseways, wetlands. Bartholomew s.n. 29 May 1961 (CSPU)

*Salsola tragus L., Russianthistle, tumbleweed, prickly Russian thistle. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Bartholomew s.n. Spring 1961 (RSA)

Cistaceae *Cistus incanus L., rock-rose, hairy rockrose. Shrub. Infrequent, found along riparian courseways, wetlands. Munsell 129 (CSPU)

Cleomaceae Peritoma arborea (Nutt.) H.H. Iltis, bladderpod. Shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wyllie s.n. 6 Jun 1963 (CSPU)

Convolvulaceae Calystegia macrostegia (Greene) Brummitt, morning-glory. Vine, perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Bowers 738 (RSA). Two subspecies are recorded in the hills: subsp. cyclostegia (House) Brummitt, coast morning glory Kosak s.n. 17 May 1961 (RSA) and subsp. macrostegia, island false bindweed, island morning glory. Thompson 42 (RSA).

*Convolvulus arvensis L., field bindweed, orchard morning-glory. Vine, perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Koukol, Struve 4 (RSA)

Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn., California dodder, chaparral dodder. Parasitic vine, annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Thompson 65 (CSPU)

Cuscuta campestris Yunck., field dodder. Parasitic vine, annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Clarke s.n. 5 Jun 1973 (UCR)

Cuscuta subinclusa Durand & Hilg., canyon dodder. Parasitic vine, annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Wheeler 1297 (LA)

Crassulaceae Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. Berger, pigmy weed, sand pygmy weed, sand pygmyweed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Ross 41 (CSPU)

Dudleya lanceolata (Nutt.) Britton & Rose, lance-leaved dudleya, lanceleaf liveforever, Southern California dudleya. Succulent perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Bowers 740 (RSA)

Dudleya multicaulis (Rose) Moran, many stemmed dudleya, manystem liveforever. Succulent perennial herb. Rare, 1B.2 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, endemic known from Bonelli Regional Park on volcanic substrate. Street 2794 (RSA)

Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth, buffalo gourd, calabazilla, Missouri gourd. Vine, perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Fraga 54 (RSA)

Marah macrocarpa (Greene) Greene, chilicothe, man-root, wild cucumber. Vine, geophyte, perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, in oak woodland. Goris s.n. 23 Feb 1948 (RSA)

Euphorbiaceae Acalypha californica Benth., California acalypha, California copperleaf. Shrub. Occasional in sage scrub, San Dimas. Huot 2 (UCSB)

Croton californicus Müll. Arg., California croton, desert croton. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Howell s.n. 1 May 1961 (CSPU)

Croton setiger Hook., Turkey-mullein, dove weed. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Shipman s.n. 19 Aug 1974 (CSPU)

Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & A. Gray, rattlesnake sandmat. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Bowers 116 (RSA)

*Euphorbia lathyris L., caper spurge, compass plant, gopher plant, moleplant. Annual to perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Cook 2C (POM)

*Euphorbia maculata L., spotted spurge. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Rangel 777-48 (RSA)

Euphorbia melanadenia Torr., red-gland spurge. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 3288 (POM)

*Euphorbia peplus L., petty spurge. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wheeler s.n. 20 Feb 1931 (RSA)

Euphorbia polycarpa Benth., smallseed sandmat. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Munsell 107 (CSPU)

*Euphorbia serpens Kunth, matted sandmat. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Hogenauer 16 (CSPU)

Euphorbia spathulata Lam., reticulate seeded spurge, warty spurge. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler 7144 (RSA)

*Ricinus communis L., castor bean. Shrub, tree-like. Occasional in sage scrub, waterways, disturbed areas. Spence, Evenhuis s.n. 12 Aug 1974 (RSA)

Fabaceae *Acacia baileyana F. Muell., Bailey acacia, Cootamundra wattle. Shrub, small tree. Occasional in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Ring s.n. 17 Feb 1949 (RSA)

*Acacia cultriformis G. Don, Acacia. Shrub, small tree, waif in sage scrub. Disturbed areas. Anderson s.n. 9 Feb 1948 (RSA)

*Acacia dealbata Link, Silver wattle. Shrub, small tree, waif in sage scrub. Disturbed areas. Kawakami s.n. 15 Feb 1948 (RSA)

Acmispon americanus (Nutt.) Rydb. var. americanus, American bird's foot trefoil, Spanish lotus. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB323 (CSPU)

Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet, deerweed, California broom. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Turmezei 25 (RSA) Record of var. glaber, deerweed. Rowlands 92b (OBI)

Acmispon maritimus (Nutt.) D.D. Sokoloff var. maritimus, coastal lotus. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB362 (CSPU)

Acmispon strigosus (Nutt.) Brouillet, strigose lotus. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Wood 4648 (RSA)

Acmispon wrangelianus (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) D.D. Sokoloff , Chilean trefoil. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 13144 (UC)

Astragalus didymocarpus Hook. & Arn., two-seeded milkvetch, dwarf white milk vetch. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz 2435 (UC)

Astragalus gambelianus E. Sheld., Gambel milkvetch, little blue loco, dwarf loco weed, Gambel's dwarf milk vetch, Gambel's locoweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2435 (POM)

Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Santa Barbara milk vetch. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz 2095 (RSA)

*Ceratonia siliqua L., Carob, St. John's bread. Tree, waif in disturbed areas. Ross and Ross 5553 (RSA)

*Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson, French broom. Shrub. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Schmid s.n. 26 Apr 1962 (RSA)

Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb., California hemp, large leather root. Perennial herb. Infrequent found along riparian courseways, wetlands. Johnston s.n. 4 Aug 1915 (POM)

*Lotus corniculatus L., bird's foot trefoil, birdfoot deervetch, broadleaf birdsfoot trefoil. Perennial herb. Infrequent in perennial riparian zone, disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB567 (CSPU)

Lupinus bicolor Lindl., miniature lupine, annual lupine, bicolored lupine. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Lane 45 (SFV)

Lupinus hirsutissimus Benth., stinging annual lupine, stinging lupine. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Thompson 35 (CSPU)

Lupinus latifolius var. parishii C.P. Sm., Parish's lupine. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Street 2793 (RSA)

Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson) Abrams, long leaf bush lupine, longleaf bush lupine. Shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz 7780 (POM)

Lupinus luteolus Kellogg, butter lupine, pale yellow lupine. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Geisinger s.n. 19 May 1959 (CSPU)

Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth., Coulter's lupine, Mohave lupine, Mojave lupine. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2429 (POM)

Lupinus succulentus Douglas ex K. Koch, arroyo lupine, hollowleaf annual lupine, succulent lupine. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 3360 (RSA)

Lupinus truncatus Nutt., blunt leaved lupine, collared annual lupine, truncate leaf lupine. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Ross 47 (CSPU)

*Medicago lupulina L., black medick. Annual to perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. White 4052 (SD)

*Medicago polymorpha L., California burclover, bur clover, bur medic. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wheeler 2450 (POM)

*Medicago sativa L., alfalfa. Perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed mesic areas. Reutzel 42 (RSA)

*Melilotus albus Medik., white sweetclover. Annual to biennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Foster s.n. 3 May 1961 (CSPU)

*Melilotus indicus (L.) All., sourclover, annual yellow sweetclover. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Turmezei 8 (RSA)

*Melilotus officinalis Lam., yellow sweetclover. Annual to biennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Aebi 21 (CSPU)

*Spartium junceum L., gorse, Spanish broom. Shrub. Common in disturbed areas. Rollins s.n. 21 May 1948 (CSPU)

Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. & A. Gray, indian clover, rancheria clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Williams, Street 2466 (POM)

Trifolium depauperatum Desv., cowbag clover, dwarf sack clover, pale sack clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB645 (CSPU) Record of var. truncatum (Greene) J.S. Martin ex Isely, truncate sack clover. Street, Williams 2507 (POM)

*Trifolium fragiferum L., strawberry clover. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB534 (CSPU)

*Trifolium incarnatum L., crimson clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Hogenauer 22 (CSPU)

Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn., thimble clover, Valparaiso clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz 13146 (UC)

Trifolium variegatum Nutt., variegated clover, white tipped clover, whitetip clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz 3297 (POM)

Trifolium willdenovii Spreng., tomcat clover. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Hanson s.n. 17 Mar 1920 (POM)

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. subsp. americana , American vetch. Vine, perennial herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2470 (POM)

*Vicia benghalensis L., purple vetch, reddish tufted vetch, vetch. Vine, annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Acosta 1 (RSA)

*Vicia sativa L., spring vetch. Vine, annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB656 (CSPU)

*Vicia villosa Roth, hairy vetch. Vine, annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Koukol, Struve 1 (RSA)

Fagaceae

Quercus agrifolia Née var. agrifolia, California live oak, encina, coast live oak. Tree. Common in oak woodland. Lloyd 17 (UCSB)

Quercus berberidifolia Liebm., inland scrub oak. Tree. Common found in northeastern canyon near Bonelli Park and Buzzard Peak area in chaparral, sage scrub. Spalding s.n. 2/26/1921(POM)

Quercus dumosa Nutt., Nuttall's scrub oak, coastal sage scrub oak. Tree. Rare, 1B.1 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere known from "Ganesha Hills" area in Pomona. Reuter 260 (MtSAC)

Quercus durata var. gabrielensis Nixon & C.H. Mull., San Gabriel oak, San Gabriel Mtns. leather oak. Tree. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution, endemic known from "Ganesha Hills" area in Pomona. Benson 12280 (POM)

Quercus engelmannii Greene, Engelmann oak. Tree. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution, endemic known from "Ganesha Hills" area in Pomona. Lloyd 10 (UCSB)

Quercus xewanii (Quercus x grandidentata {Quercus durata var. gabrielensis x engelmannii}) I.M. Turner, hybrid with San Gabriel oak. Tree. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution, endemic known from "Ganesha Hills" area in Pomona. Spalding xix1a (POM)

Quercus wislizeni A. DC., interior live oak, chapparal oak. Tree. Common known from "Ganesha Hills" area in Pomona. van Velzen 8707 (RSA)

Geraniaceae California macrophylla (Hook. & Arn.) J.J. Aldasoro, C. Navarro, P. Vargas, L. Sáez & C. Aedo, round-leaved filaree. Annual to biennial herb. Rare, 1B.2 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere in sage scrub. Wheeler 7145 (RSA)

*Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol., big heron bill, broad leaf filaree, long beaked filaree, longbeak stork's bill. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 13145 (POM)

*Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton, redstem filaree, coastal heron's bill, redstem stork's bill. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Reutzel 33 (RSA)

*Erodium moschatum (L.) Aiton, greenstem filaree, Musky stork's bill, white stemmed filaree, whitestem filaree. Annual to biennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Rangel 777-3 (RSA)

Geranium carolinianum L., Carolina geranium. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, mesic areas. Munz, Street, Williams 2449 (POM)

*Geranium dissectum L., cranesbill, cut leaved geranium, cutleaf geranium. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, mesic areas, disturbed areas. Bernier s.n. 2 Apr 1966 (UCR)

Grossulariaceae Ribes aureum Pursh, golden currant. Shrub. Common in chaparral/ sage scrub. Dynowski 3 (UCSB) Record of var. gracillimum (Coville & Britton) Jeps., golden currant. Wood 4637 (RSA)

Ribes speciosum Pursh, fuchsia-flowered gooseberry. Shrub. Common in chaparral/sage scrub. Munz, Williams, Street 2414 (POM)

Juglandaceae *Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, pecan. Tree. Infrequent along perrenial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB519 (CSPU) [Carya sp. Prince, McDade, Ellstrand, Lubinsky, Kaus 512 and 513 (RSA)]

Juglans californica S. Watson, Southern California black walnut, southern black walnut, Southern California walnut. Tree. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution walnut woodland. Wheeler s.n. 13 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Juglans hindsii Jeps. ex R.E. Sm., Northern California black walnut. Tree. Rare, 1B.1 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, endemic found along riparian courseways. Riefner 98-445 (CAS)

*Juglans regia L., English walnut. Tree. Waif in walnut woodland. Prince, McDade, Ellstrand, Lubinsky, Kaus 511 (RSA)

Lamiaceae *Lamium amplexicaule L., henbit, giraffe head, henbit deadnettle. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Turner, Ball s.n. 3 Apr 1963 (SFV)

*Marrubium vulgare L., white horehound. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Crow 241 (RSA)

*Mentha spicata L., spearmint. Perennial herb. Infrequent found along riparian courseways. Wheeler 17 (RSA)

Salvia apiana Jeps., white sage. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 13 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Salvia apiana × mellifera, introgression of S. apiana with S. mellifera. Shrub. Rare in sage scrub, found in Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Martinez s.n. 2017 (CSPU)

Salvia columbariae Benth., chia, chia sage. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 20 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Salvia leucophylla Greene, purple sage, San Luis purple sage. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Benson 16245 (POM)

Salvia mellifera Greene, black sage. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Hotchkiss s.n. 18 Apr 1977 (RSA)

Scutellaria tuberosa Benth., Danny's skullcap, scullcap. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3323 (POM)

Stachys albens A. Gray, cobwebby hedge nettle, white hedge nettle, whitestem hedgenettle. Perennial herb. Common found in wetlands. Wheeler 1295 (UC)

Stachys bullata Benth., California hedge nettle, California hedgenettle, southern hedge nettle, wood mint. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 1931 (RSA)

Stachys rigida Benth., rough hedgenettle. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 12913 (SBBG) Record of subsp. quercetorum (A. Heller) G.A. Mulligan & D.B. Munro, rough hedgenettle. Munz, Harwood 3291 (POM)

Trichostema lanceolatum Benth., vinegar weed. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 16 (RSA)

Lythraceae Ammannia coccinea Rottb., purple ammannia, red ammannia. Annual herb. Infrequent, found along riparian courseways. Wheeler 2121 (UCR)

*Lythrum hyssopifolia L., hyssop loosestrife. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in meadow seep in Northeastern Bonelli Park. Berbeo AEB714 (CSPU)

*Punica granatum L., pomegranate. Shrub. Infrequent in disturbed areas, found trailside in Bonelli Regional Park. Berbeo AEB559 (CSPU)

Malvaceae Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Greene., chaparral mallow, chaparral bush mallow. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. Reutzel 55 (RSA)

Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) M.F. Ray, island mallow. Shrub. Rare, 1B.1 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, endemic known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Wheeler 1307 (LA)

*Malva nicaeensis All., bull mallow. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Bowers 105 (RSA)

*Malva parviflora L., cheeseweed, little mallow, cheeseweed mallow. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Rangel 777-23 (RSA)

*Malva sylvestris L., high mallow. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Ortega AOJO-1 (CSPU)

Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov., alkali-mallow, white-weed. Perennial herb. Infrequent in wetlands. Watanabe 35 (CSPU)

Melanthaceae Toxicoscordion fremontii (Torr.) Rydb., Fremont's death camas, Fremont's star lily. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub on grassy slope. Munz, Harwood 3340 (POM)

Molluginaceae *Glinus lotoides L., lotus sweetjuice. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Benson 11561 (POM)

Montiaceae Claytonia parviflora Hook., miner's lettuce, narrow leaved miner's lettuce, streambank springbeauty. Annual herb. Infrequent in oak woodland. Wheeler s.n. 19 Mar 1931 (RSA) Record of subsp. parviflora, narrow leaved miner's lettuce, streambank springbeauty, Utah miner s lettuce. Munz, Harwood 3359 (POM)

Claytonia perfoliata Willd., miner's lettuce. Annual herb. Common in oak woodland. Acosta 33 (RSA) Record of var. perfoliata, claytonia, miner's lettuce. Common in oak woodland. Wheeler s.n. 6 Mar 1931 (RSA)

Montia fontana L., water chickweed, blinks, annual water minerslettuce, water montia. Annual herb. Infrequent in oak woodland, riparian zones, wetlands, mesic areas. Wheeler 2380 (POM)

Moraceae *Ficus carica L., edible fig, common fig. Tree. Common, found along riparian zones. Riefner 98-447 (CAS)

*Morus alba L., white mulberry. Tree. Infrequent, along perennial riparian zones, known in Walnut Creek Park. Turmezei 35 (RSA)

Myrsinaceae *Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderb., scarlet pimpernel. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, oak woodland. Munz, Harwood 3338 (POM)

Myrtaceae *Eucalyptus globulus Labill., blue gum, Tasmanian bluegum. Tree. Common, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in disturbed areas. Ross and Ross 5556a (RSA)

*Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., lemon scented gum. Tree, waif in disturbed areas. NOT COLLECTED

Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran, desert wishbone bush. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Turner, Ball s.n. 3 Apr 1963 (SFV) Record of var. crassifolia (Choisy) Spellenb., California four o'clock. Munz, Street,Williams 2437 (POM)

Oleaceae Fraxinus latifolia (introgressed with Fraxinus velutina) Benth., Oregon ash. Tree. Infrequent along perennial riparian zone, known in Walnut Creek. Berbeo AEB 517 (CSPU)

Fraxinus velutina Torr., velvet ash, Arizona ash. Tree. Infrequent along perennial riparian zone, known in Walnut Creek. Berbeo AEB322 (CSPU)

*Olea europa L., olive. Tree. Infrequent in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB419 (CSPU)

Onagraceae Camissoniopsis bistorta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, California sun cup. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3309 (RSA)

Camissoniopsis intermedia (P.H. Raven) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, intermediate sun cups. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2444 (POM)

Camissoniopsis robusta (P.H. Raven) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, robust subcup. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB671 (CSPU)

Clarkia bottae (Spach) H. Lewis & M. Lewis, punchbowl godetia, Botta's clarkia. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Evans s.n. 5/5/1951(UCD)

Clarkia dudleyana (Abrams) J.F. Macbr., Dudley's clarkia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz 10814 (POM)

Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera (Lindl.) H. Lewis & M. Lewis, four-spot. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 10815 (POM)

Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl, annual fireweed, autumn willowweed, panicled willow herb, tall annual willowherb. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 1306 (RSA)

Epilobium canum (Greene) P.H. Raven, California fuchsia, zauschneria, hummingbird trumpet. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB505 (CSPU) Record of subsp. canum, California fuchsia, hummingbird trumpet. Street s.n. 3 Nov 1918 (POM)

Epilobium ciliatum Raf., fringed willowherb, northern willow herb, slender willow herb. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Berbeo AEB332 (CSPU) Record of subsp. ciliatum, willow herb. Acosta 37 (RSA)

Eulobus californicus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray, California primrose. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB271 (CSPU)

*Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet, large-flowered primrose-willow. Aquatic perennial subshrub to herb. Infrequent known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Berbeo AEB530 (CSPU)

Orobanchaceae Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn., indian paintbrush. Parasitic perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2448 (POM) Record of subsp. affinis, coast indian paintbrush, Wight's indian paint brush. Dynowski 17 (UCSB)

Castilleja applegatei subsp. martini (Abrams) T.I. Chuang & Heckard, Martin's paintbrush, Wavyleaf indian paintbrush. Parasitic perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 6899 (JEPS)

Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard, purple owl's-clover, owl's clover. Parasitic annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Belleuiia s.n. 2 May 1969 (CSPU)

Oxalidaceae Oxalis californica (Abrams) R. Knuth, California wood-sorrel. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, oak woodland. Wheeler 7146 (RSA)

*Oxalis corniculata L., creeping woodsorrel, yellow sorrel. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Hillbun s.n. 24 Jan 1953 (RSA)

*Oxalis pes-caprae L., Bermuda buttercup, sourgrass. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas, oak woodland. Berbeo AEB614 (CSPU)

Paeoniaceae Paeonia californica Nutt., California peony. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 452 (RSA)

Papaveraceae Eschscholzia californica Cham., California poppy. Annual to perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Cowen s.n. 27 Mar 1948 (CSPU)

Meconella denticulata Greene, small flowered meconella, smallflower fairypoppy. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2419 (POM)

Papaver heterophyllum (Benth.) Greene, wind poppy. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2436 (POM)

Romneya coulteri Harv., Coulter's matilija poppy. Perennial herb. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution, endemic in sage scrub, known from location in San Dimas. Bartholomew s.n. 29 May 1961 (CSPU)

Romneya trichocalyx Eastw., bristly matilija poppy, hairy matilija poppy. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Gail s.n. 5/24/1961(RSA)

Passifloraceae *Passiflora caerulea L., bluecrown passionflower. Vine. Common, known from Walnut Creek. Turmezei 24 (RSA)

Phrymaceae Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis, bush monkey flower, island monkeyflower. Shrub. Common in sage scrub. MacKay s.n. 30 Apr 1975 (VVC) Record of var. pubescens (Torr.) D.M. Thomps., sticky monkeyflower. Munz, Street, Williams 2447 (POM)

Mimulus cardinalis Benth., Cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkeyflower. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 11 (RSA)

Mimulus guttatus DC., seep monkey flower, yellow monkey flower. Annual to perennial herb. Occasional along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler s.n. 17 Apr 1931 (RSA)

Plantaginaceae Callitriche marginata Torr., California water starwort, winged water starwort. Aquatic annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Munz 3326 (POM)

Collinsia heterophylla Buist ex Graham, purple chinese houses. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2431 (POM)

Keckiella cordifolia (Benth.) Straw, climbing penstemon, heart leaved keckiella, heartleaf keckiella. Shrub. Occasional in sage scrub. Del Pino 32 (RSA)

Plantago erecta E. Morris, California plantain, dotseed plantain, foothill plantain. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub, oak woodland. Wheeler s.n. 20 Mar 1931 (RSA)

*Plantago lanceolata L., English plantain, narrow leaved plantain, ribgrass, ribwort. Perennial herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB579 (CSPU)

*Plantago major L., common plantain. Perennial herb. Occasional along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Aebi/Olivas 44 (CSPU)

Plantago ovata Forsskal, woolly plantain. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Thompson 30 (CSPU)

*Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., water speedwell. Perennial herb. Occasional in wetlands. Berbeo AEB309 (CSPU)

Veronica peregrina L. subsp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell, hairy purslane speedwell, neckweed, purslane speedwell. Annual herb. Occasional in wetlands. Berbeo AEB694 (CSPU)

*Veronica persica Poiret, bird's eye speedwell, birdeye speedwell. Annual herb. Occasional along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Berbeo AEB309 (CSPU)

Platanaceae Platanus racemosa Nutt., California sycamore, western sycamore. Tree. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Bowers 392 (RSA)

Polemoniaceae Eriastrum sapphirinum (Eastw.) H. Mason, sapphire eriastrum. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Chandler s.n. 17 May 1897 (UC) Record of subsp. dasyanthum (Brand) H. Mason, sapphire woollystar. Bramlet 53a (RSA)

Gilia achilleifolia Benth., California gilia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Schmid s.n. 12 Apr 1962 (UCD)

Gilia angelensis V.E. Grant, chaparral gilia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Kendall 14 (POM)

Gilia capitata Sims, blue field gilia, bluehead gilia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2418 (UCR) Record of subsp. abrotanifolia (Greene) V.E. Grant, ball gilia. Munz 3308 (POM)

Gilia tricolor Benth., bird's-eye gilia, bird's eyes, tricolor gilia. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Shlomogat 65 (CSPU)

Leptosiphon parviflorus Benth., variable linanthus. Annual herb. Common in oak woodland. Wheeler 7143 (RSA)

Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene, slender phlox. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Puddingstone Dam. Wheeler 473 (RSA)

Polygonaceae Chorizanthe staticoides Benth., Turkish rugging. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Parish 594 (DS)

Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth., California buckwheat. Perennial mat to shrub. Common in sage scrub. Spaulding s.n. 4 May 1948 (RSA) Record of var. foliolosum (Nutt.) Abrams, leafy California buckwheat, red topped buckwheat. Gat 2 (CSPU) and var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & A. Gray, Mojave desert California buckwheat. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from Puddingstone Dam area. Philbrick 455 (UCSB)

Eriogonum giganteum S. Watson var. giganteum , Santa Catalina island buckwheat, St. Catherine's lace. Shrub. Rare, 4.3 limited distribution, low, endemic known from one location on Cal Poly Pomona campus, origin likely from hydroseeding, persistant. Ross 5548 (RSA)

Eriogonum gracile Benth., slender buckwheat, slender woolly buckwheat. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB466 (CSPU)

*Persicaria capitata (D. Don) H. Gross, Himalayan smartweed. Perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Acosta 38 (RSA)

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small, false water pepper. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Berbeo AEB542 (CSPU)

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre, willow weed, common knotweed. Annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 1300 (SEINET)

*Polygonum aviculare subsp. depressum (Meisn.) Arcang., prostrate knotweed. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas, found in wetlands. Gail s.n. 6/7/1961(CSPU)

Pterostegia drymarioides Fisch. & C.A. Mey., fairy mist, woodland threadstem. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Crow 237 (RSA)

*Rumex crispus L., curly dock, curly leaved dock, rhubarb. Perennial herb. Common, found in wetlands. Rangel 777-5 (RSA)

Rumex salicifolius Weinm., willow dock, willow leaved dock. Perennial herb. Common, found in wetlands. Kosak 24 (CSPU)

Portulacaceae Calandrinia menziesii (Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray, red maids. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Fraga 14 (CSPU)

*Portulaca oleracea L., purslane, common purslane, little hogweed. Annual herb. Infrequent in disturbed mesic areas. Berbeo AEB566 (CSPU)

Primulaceae Androsace elongata L. subsp. acuta (Greene) G.T. Robbins, California androsace, California rockjasmine. Annual herb. Rare 4.2 limited distribution known from two vouchers, on grassy slope in Puddingstone Canyon. Munz, Street, Williams 2424 (POM)

Primula clevelandii (Greene) Mast & Reveal, Padre's shooting star. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Young P303 (RSA) Record of var. clevelandii, Cleveland's shooting star. Boyd, Elvin 62 (RSA)

Ranunculaceae Clematis pauciflora Nutt., Vine, perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB345 (CSPU)

Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus With., whitewater crowfoot. Aquatic perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Munz 5601 (UC)

Ranunculus californicus Benth., California buttercup. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Rice 411 (OBI) Record of var. californicus, common buttercup. Benson 15719 (POM)

Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn., delicate buttercup, pubescent fruited buttercup, slender annual buttercup. Annual herb. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Munz 13143 (POM)

Rhamnaceae Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch., blueblossom. Tree or shrub to mat-like. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from one voucher taken at Kellogg Hill in Pomona. Julian s.n. 6 Mar 1963 (RSA)

Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A. Gray, California coffee berry. Shrub. Infrequent, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 17 Apr 1931 (RSA)

Rhamnus crocea Nutt., spiny redberry, redberry buckthorn. Shrub. Common in chaparral/sage scrub. Wheeler 547 (DS)

Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg, evergreen buckthorn, hollyleaf redberry. Shrub. Common in chaparral/sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3310 (POM)

Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. var. fasciculatum, chamise. Tree, shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub, known from "Ganesha Heights" area. Wheeler s.n. 10 Apr 1931 (RSA)

Aphanes occidentalis (Nutt.) Rydb., Western lady's mantle. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Harwood 3321 (POM)

Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt., birch leaf mountain mahogany, mountain mahogany. Tree, shrub. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2450 (POM)

Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydb., sticky cinquefoil. Perennial herb. Infrequent found along perennial riparian zones. Shannon 22 (CSPU) Record of var. glandulosa, sticky cinquefoil. Bramlet 73 (RSA)

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roem., Christmas berry, toyon. Shrub to small tree. Common in sage scrub, walnut woodland. Ingwersen s.n. 15 May 1962 (CSPU)

Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr., holly leaf cherry, holly leaved cherry. Shrub to tree. Common in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB285 (CSPU) Record of subsp. lyonii (Eastw.) P.H. Raven, Catalina cherry, island cherry. Found in Bonelli Regional Park. Berbeo AEB328 (CSPU)

Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl., California wild rose. Shrub. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Raven, Thompson s.n. 10 Jun 1972 (RSA)

*Rubus armeniacus Focke, Himalayan blackberry. Shrub. Common found along perennial riparian zones. Strid s.n. 22 May 1972 (CSPU)

Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray, white bark raspberry, western raspberry, white stemmed raspberry. Shrub. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Bowers 1877 (RSA)

*Rubus pensilvanicus Poir., Pennsylvania blackberry. Vine or shrub. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Whistler 640411-11 (UCR)

*Rubus ulmifolius var. anoplothyrsus Sudre, elm leaf bramble. Vine or shrub. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB516 (CSPU)

Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl., California blackberry, Pacific blackberry. Vine or shrub. Common along perennial riparian zones. Bowers 346b (RSA)

Rubiaceae Galium angustifolium A. Gray, narrowly leaved bedstraw. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Shannon 26 (CSPU) Record of subsp. angustifolium, narrowly leaved bedstraw. Munz, Harwood 3302 (POM) Galium aparine L., cleavers, common bedstraw, goose grass, stickywilly. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub. Street, Munz, Williams 2440 (POM)

Salicaceae Populus trichocarpa Hook., black cottonwood. Tree. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB615 (CSPU)

Salix exigua var. hindsiana (Benth.) Dorn, Hinds' willow, sandbar willow. Tree or shrub. Common along perennial riparian zones. Wheeler 1723 (LA)

Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball, Goodding's black willow, Goodding's willow. Tree or shrub. Common along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB302 (CSPU)

Salix laevigata Bebb, polished willow, red willow. Tree. Common along perennial riparian zones. Thompson 28 (CSPU)

Salix lasiandra NULL var. lasiandra, Pacific willow. Tree. Common along perennial riparian zones. Wheeler 2372A (CAS)

Salix lasiolepis Benth., arroyo willow. Tree or shrub. Common along perennial riparian zones. Munz 7776 (POM)

Sapindaceae Acer macrophyllum Pursh, big leaf maple, bigleaf maple. Tree. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB482 (CSPU)

Acer negundo L., boxelder. Tree. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB433 (CSPU)

Saxifragaceae Lithophragma affine A. Gray, woodland star, Common woodland star. Perennial herb. Infrequent in oak woodland. Munz, Street, Williams 2426 (POM)

Micranthes californica (Greene) Small, Greene's saxifrage. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2439 5 Apr 1919 (POM)

Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia californica Cham. & Schltdl., California figwort, California bee plant. Perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Munz, Street, Williams 2442 (POM)

*Verbascum virgatum Stokes, wand mullein. Perennial herb. Occasional in disturbed areas, oak woodland. Rollins s.n. 20 May 1948 (RSA)

Simaroubaceae *Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, tree of heaven, ailanthus. Tree. Common, found along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB316 (CSPU)

Solanaceae Datura wrightii Regel, Jimsonweed, sacred thorn apple, toluaca. Annual to perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Baldwin s.n. 19 May 1959 (CSPU)

*Nicotiana glauca Graham, tree tobacco. Shrub to tree. Common in disturbed sage scrub. Kawakami s.n. 2/15/1948(RSA)

Petunia parviflora Juss., wild petunia. Annual herb. Infrequent, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Berbeo AEB547 (CSPU)

Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandwith, sharp leaf ground cherry, sharpleaf groundcherry. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wood and Wood 2940 (RSA)

Solanum americanum Mill., American black nightshade, common nightshade, small flowered nightshade, white nightshade. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Rangel 777-31 (RSA)

Solanum douglasii Dunal, Douglas' nightshade, greenspot nightshade. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Hill 23 (RSA)

*Solanum rostratum Dunal, buffalobur, buffalo berry. Annual herb. Infrequent in disturbed sage scrub. Watanabe 36 (CSPU)

Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch., blue witch nightshade. Perennial herb to subshrub. Common in sage scrub. Sparks s.n. (CSPU)

Solanum xanti A. Gray, chaparral nightshade, nightshade, purple nightshade. Perennial herb to subshrub. Common in sage scrub. Clokey 6879 (NY)

Tamaricaceae *Tamarix parviflora DC., fourstamen tamarisk, smallflower tamarisk. Tree or shrub. Common in disturbed areas. Schmid s.n. 15 May 1962 (CSPU)

Ulmaceae *Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., Chinese elm, Siberian elm. Tree. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB513 (CSPU)

Urticaceae Hesperocnide tenella Torr., western nettle, western stinging nettle. Annual herb. Common in oak woodland. Wheeler 693 (RSA)

Parietaria hespera var. californica Hinton, California pellitory. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Berbeo AEB658 (CSPU)

*Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy, baby's tears, mother of thousands. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wood 4636 (RSA)

Urtica dioica subsp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne, hoary nettle, giant creek nettle, mountain nettle. Perennial herb. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB526 (CSPU)

*Urtica urens L., dwarf nettle, annual stinging nettle. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas, oak woodland. Sweet s.n. 10 Jan 1953 (CSPU)

Valerianaceae *Centranthus ruber (L.) DC., red valerian, Jupiter's beard. Annual to perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Wheeler 1296 (CSPU)

Plectritis ciliosa (Greene) Jeps., long spurred plectritis, longspur seablush. Annual herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 537 (SBBG)

Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, common lippia, lippia, turkey tangle fogfruit. Perennial herb. Infrequent known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Perez 43 (RSA)

Verbena lasiostachys Link, common verbena, vervain, western verbena, western vervain. Perennial herb. Infrequent, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Wheeler s.n. 12 Jul 1931 (RSA)

Violaceae Viola pedunculata Torr. & A. Gray, johnny-jump-up, California golden violet. Perennial herb. Occasional, found in the northeastern portion of the hills, in sage scrub. Benson 12862 (UCR)

Viscaceae Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnst., American mistletoe. Record for subsp. tomentosum (DC.) J.R. Abbott & R.L. Thomps., Occasional, in oak woodland on Quercus agrifolia. Berbeo AEB648 (CSPU) and subsp. macrophyllum (Engelm.) J.R. Abbott & R.L. Thomps., big leaf mistletoe. Occasional, found along riparian zones on Platanus racemosa. Raven, Thompson 945 (RSA)

Vitaceae *Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch, woodbine. Vine or shrub. Common, found along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB491 (CSPU)

Vitis girdiana Munson, desert wild grape, Southern California grape. Vine or shrub. Infrequent, found along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB402 (CSPU)

Zygophyllaceae *Tribulus terrestris L., puncture vine. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Rangel 777-27 (RSA)

Monocots Agavaceae Chlorogalum parviflorum S. Watson, small flowered soaproot, smallflower soap plant. Geophyte, perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Wheeler 2583-A (RSA)

Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth, amole, soap plant, soaproot, wavyleaf soap plant. Geophyte, perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 2583-B (RSA) var. pomeridianum recorded in the hills Berbeo AEB495 (CSPU)

Alismataceae Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett, burhead, upright burrhead. Aquatic perennial herb. Common, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Schlum s.n. 6 Jul 1976 (RSA)

Alliaceae Allium haematochiton S. Watson, red skinned onion. Geophyte, perennial herb. Infrequent, found on rocky outcrops. L. Street, P. A. Munz, G. Williams, 2438 (CAS)

Arecaceae Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. ex de Bary., California fan palm. Palm. Infrequent, along perennial riparian zones. NOT COLLECTED

*Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl., Mexican fan palm. Palm. Occasional, along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB444 (CSPU)

Asphodelaceae *Asphodelus fistulosus L., asphodel, onionweed. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Berbeo s.n. 21 Apr 2016 (CSPU)

Cyperaceae Carex alma L.H. Bailey, sedge, sturdy sedge. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Clokey and Anderson 6530 (UC)

Carex praegracilis W. Boott, clustered field sedge, field sedge. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1272 (CAS)

Carex schottii Dewey, Schott's sedge. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Munz 7775 (UC)

Carex senta Boott, western rough sedge, swamp carex, swamp sedge. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Munz, Harwood 3325 (POM)

Cyperus eragrostis Lam., tall cyperus, tall flatsedge. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, mesic areas. Berbeo AEB340 (CSPU)

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl., red rooted cyperus, redroot flatsedge. Annual herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, mesic areas. Wheeler 147 (POM)

Cyperus esculentus L., chufa flatsedge, nut grass, yellow nutgrass. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, mesic areas. Berbeo AEB562 (CSPU)

*Cyperus involucratus Rottb., umbrella plant. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones, mesic areas. Schmitt s.n. 3 Jun 1963 (RSA)

Eleocharis macrostachya Britton, common spikerush, creeping spike rush, pale spikerush, wire grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Berbeo AEB688 (CSPU)

Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth, Montevideo spike rush, sand spikerush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 146 (POM)

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult., common spikerush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Bowers 74 (RSA)

Eleocharis parishii Britton, Parish's spike rush, Parish's spikerush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 1302 (POM)

Eleocharis radicans (Poir.) Kunth, creeping spikerush, rooted spikerush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 145 (POM)

Isolepis cernua (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., low bulrush. Annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Johnston 1344 (UC)

Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller, Olney's three-square bulruch, chairmaker's bulrush. Perennial herb. Infrequent in wetlands. Johnston 1349 (RSA)

Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl, mountain bog bulrush, panicled bulrush, small fruited bulrush. Perennial herb. Infrequent in wetlands. Johnston 1345 (RSA)

Iridaceae Sisyrinchium bellum S. Watson, western blue eyed grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, wetlands, grasslands, known from Puddingstone Dam area and Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve. Clokey and Anderson 6559 (UC)

Juncaceae *Juncus ambiguus Guss., frog rush, saline toad rush, seasice rush. Annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1347 (UC)

Juncus bufonius L., toad rush, common toad rush. Annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1347 (UC) Record of var. bufonius, toad rush, common toad rush. Berbeo AEB691 (CSPU)

Juncus macrophyllus Coville, long leaved rush, longleaf rush, rush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1342 (POM)

Juncus oxymeris Engelm., pointed rush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 1928 (RSA)

Juncus phaeocephalus var. paniculatus Engelm., brown headed rush, brownhead rush, spreading brown headed rush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1911 (POM)

Juncus rugulosus Engelm., wrinkled rush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Johnston 1341 (UC)

Juncus xiphioides E. Mey., iris leaved rush, irisleaf rush. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, wetlands. Wheeler 1929 (RSA)

Liliaceae Calochortus albus (Benth.) Benth., white globe lily, fairy lantern. Geophyte, perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Clokey and Anderson 6544 (JEPS)

Calochortus catalinae S. Watson, Catalina mariposa lily. Geophyte, perennial herb. Rare, 4.2 limited distribution, endemic in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 11423(RSA)

Calochortus splendens Benth., splendid mariposa lily. Geophyte, perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 1721 (RSA)

Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Ownbey, intermediate mariposa lily. Geophyte, perennial herb. Rare, 1B.2 rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere, endemic in sage scrub. Wood 5 (RSA)

Hydrocharitaceae Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus subsp. guadalupensis, southern waternymph. Aquatic annual herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB528 (CSPU)

Poaceae *Arundo donax L., giant reed. Perennial herb. Common along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB459 (CSPU)

*Avena barbata Pott ex Link, slender wild oat, slim oat. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wheeler s.n. 2 Apr 1934 (CAS)

*Avena fatua L., wild oat. Perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Philbrick 452 (UCSB)

*Bromus catharticus Vahl, rescue grass. Annual to perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Watanabe 38 (CSPU)

*Bromus diandrus Roth, ripgut grass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Strid s.n. 25 May 1971 (CSPU)

*Bromus hordeaceus L., soft chess, soft brome. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Laughlin/Laughlin 23 (CSPU)

*Bromus inermis Leyss., Smooth brome, Hungarian brome. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Gould 22 (RSA)

*Bromus madritensis L., foxtail chess, foxtail brome, Madrid brome, Spanish brome. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB628 (CSPU) Record of subsp. rubens (L.) Husn., red brome. Shannon/Gull 46 (CSPU)

*Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine) Stapf, purple pampas grass, jubata grass. Perennial herb. Occasional along perennial riparian zones. Berbeo AEB493 (CSPU)

*Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., swamp pricklegrass, swamp grass. Annual herb. Infrequent, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Fleischman s.n. 20 Oct 1946 (CAS)

*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Bermuda grass. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Springer 17 (RSA)

*Dactylis glomerata L., orchard grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Gould 24 (RSA)

*Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., hairy crabgrass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Streight/Curran s.n. 30 September 1982 (CSPU)

*Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., barnyard grass, Japanese millet, watergrass. Annual herb. Occasional, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Watanabe 37 (CSPU)

*Ehrharta erecta Lam., panic veldtgrass, upright veldt grass. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Riefner 98-448 (CAS)

*Ehrharta longiflora Sm., longflowered veldtgrass, annual veldtgrass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Berbeo AEB708 (CSPU)

*Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. africana (Kenn.-O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet, African finger millet. Annual herb. Infrequent, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Riefner 7-341 (RSA)

Elymus condensatus J. Presl, giant wild rye. Perennial herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Berbeo s.n. 1 Sep 2011 (CSPU)

Elymus triticoides Buckley, beardless wild rye. Perennial herb. Common in meadow seep in Northeastern Bonelli Park. Berbeo AEB330 (CSPU)

*Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo-Lutati ex Janch., stinkgrass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wood and Wood 2941 (RSA)

*Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. pilosa, indian lovegrass. Annual herb. Occasional in disturbed areas. Moffat s.n. 15 May 1963 (CSPU)

*Festuca arundinacea Schreb., alta fescue, reed fescue, tall fescue. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Gould 26 (RSA)

*Festuca bromoides L., brome fescue. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Harthill s.n. 7 Apr 1972 (CSPU)

Festuca microstachys Nutt., small fescue. Annual herb. Infrequent known from a collection in "Puddingstone Canyon" on grassy slopes. Munz, Street, Williams 2422 (POM)

*Festuca myuros L., rattail sixweeks grass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Wheeler 545 (RSA)

*Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus & J.P. Sm., rye grass, Italian rye grass. Annual to perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas. Watanabe 15 (CSPU)

Hordeum jubatum L. subsp. jubatum, foxtail barley, squirreltail barley. Perennial herb. Infrequent, found in Voorhis Ecological Reserve, mesic areas. Berbeo AEB677 (CSPU)

*Hordeum marinum Huds. subsp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell., Mediterranean barley, seaside barley. Annual herb. Infrequent in meadow seep in Northeastern Bonelli Park. Berbeo AEB683 (CSPU)

*Hordeum murinum L., wall barley. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Ochoa J22 (CSPU) Record of * subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev, blue foxtail, smooth barley. Watanabe 7 (CSPU) and * subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang., hare barley. Acosta 34 (RSA)

*Hordeum vulgare L., common barley. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Bowers 76 (RSA)

Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., June grass, prairie junegrass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub. Johnston 1303 (DS)

*Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, goldentop grass. Annual herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Ellis s.n. 7 Apr 1939 (PASA)

Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow, Mexican sprangletop. Annual herb. Infrequent in wetlands. Benson 11559 (POM)

Melica imperfecta Trin., little California melica. Perennial herb. Common in sage scrub. Munz 13139 (POM)

Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth, annual muhly, littleseed muhly. Annual herb. Occasional in sage scrub. Wheeler s.n. 20 Feb 1931 (RSA)

*Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. subsp. dichotomiflorum, fall panic grass. Annual herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Riefner 8-294 (CHSC)

*Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Dallis grass. Perennial herb. Occasional, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Gould 28 (RSA)

Paspalum distichum L., knot grass. Perennial herb. Occasional, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Wheeler 148 (RSA)

*Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov., Kikuyu grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent, known from the edge of Puddingstone Reservoir. Berbeo AEB549 (CSPU)

*Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., crimson fountaingrass. Perennial herb. Common in disturbed areas; one large population found on the Cal Poly Pomona Voorhis Ecological Reserve, another large population found along Fairplex Dr. near the 10 Fwy exit. Layton 19-006 (CSPU)

Phalaris arundinacea L., reed canarygrass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in wetlands. B. L. Bement s.n. 30 Apr 1977 (RSA)

*Phalaris minor Retz., little-seeded canary grass. Annual herb. Infrequent in d isturbed areas. Harthill s.n. 19 Apr 1974 (CSPU)

*Poa annua L., annual blue grass. Annual herb. Common in sage scrub, disturbed areas. van Velzen 87-01 (RSA)

*Poa pratensis L. subsp. pratensis, Kentucky blue grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, disturbed areas. Harthill s.n. 7 Apr 1972 (CSPU)

Poa secunda J. Presl, Nevasda blue grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent, known from Puddingstone Canyon. Munz 13140 (POM) Record of subsp. secunda, one-sided blue grass. Infrequent in sage scrub. Wheeler 538 (DS)

*Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., annual beard grass, rabbitfoot grass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas, wetlands. Harthill s.n. 7 Apr 1972 (CSPU)

*Schismus arabicus Nees, Mediterranean grass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Neumann NNOJ-014 (CSPU)

*Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Common mediterranean grass. Annual herb. Common in disturbed areas. Rangel 777-8 (RSA)

*Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, sorghum. Annual herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Wheeler 5678 (UCR)

*Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Johnson grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in disturbed areas. Bement s.n. 30 Apr 1977 (CSPU)

Stipa coronata Thurb., crested needle grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grasslands. Harthill s.n. 1 May 1971 (CSPU)

Stipa lepida Hitchc., foothill needle grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grasslands. Reed 4488 (UCR)

*Stipa miliacea (L.) Hoover var. miliacea, Smilo grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent along perennial riparian zones, found in Walnut Creek. Berbeo AEB461 (CSPU)

Stipa occidentalis Thurb. ex S. Watson, western needlegrass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grasslands. Harthill s.n. 7 Apr 1972 (CSPU)

Stipa pulchra Hitchc., purple needle grass. Perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grasslands. Reed 4303 (UCR)

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus Raf., leafy pondweed. Aquatic annual to perennial herb. Infrequent, found at Puddingtone Reservoir. Wheeler 1303 (POM)

Themidaceae Bloomeria crocea (Torr.) Coville, golden star. Geophyte, perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, grasslands. Wheeler s.n. 10 Apr 1931 (RSA) Record of var. crocea, common goldenstar. Street 2796 (CAS)

Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood subsp. capitatum, bluedicks, wild hyacinth. Geophyte, perennial herb. Common in sage scrub, grasslands. Wheeler s.n. 10 Apr 1931 (RSA)

Muilla maritima (Torr.) S. Watson, common muilla. Geophyte, perennial herb. Infrequent in sage scrub, grasslands. Hales 33 (POM)

Typhaceae Typha latifolia L., broadleaf cattail, common cattail, soft flag. Aquatic perennial herb. Occasional in wetlands. Wheeler s.n. 20 Mar 1931 (RSA)

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