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General Sir Henry Drury Harness, KCB, Colonel Commandant Royal

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General Sir Henry Drury Harness, KCB, Colonel Commandant Royal General Sir Henry Drury Farness, K. C B., colonel commandant I Jgarbarto College Ltbrarg GIFT OF Archibald Gary Coolidge, Ph.D. (Class of m7 ) PROFESSOR OF HISTORY BSTHAIN & Co. 1 1 Booksellers, Russell Street '"uscum, V , w . c ' ' Mil. ' ' J 1 ! / V j V - Digitized by Google • GENERAL SIR HENRY DRURY HARNESS, K.C.B., I Colonel Commandant Royal Engineers. THE MATERIAL FOR THIS MEMOIR WAS COLLECTED AND ARRANGED BY THE LATE GENERAL COLLINSON, R.E.. AND EDITED BY GENERAL WEBBER, C.B., R.E. 14 Rich in saving common sense, And, as the greatest only are, In his simplicity sublime." % LONDON. 1903. Digitized by Google Xv4 H ^ ^ ^ Gift of ~, • .Proi'.A-C-Cpplicige 7%/"j Memoir is published by, and with the approval o/9 the Royal Engineers Institute Committee, The following Officers of the Corps have assisted as members of committee, from time to time convened to consider the subject: Sir George Leach, Sir Wilbraham Lennox, Sir E. Thackeray, General Tennant, Sir John McKerlie, Sir Richard Sankey, Major-General J. H. White, and Colonel Vetch. Note error on page iji. Captain Fenwick was a First Captain R.E. on the staff of the Army. The Officer who commanded the 21st Company was Captain Glastonbury Neville, who had previously distinguished himself in the Crimea. He was killed on the 30th January, 1858, at the Action of Baroda, near Rhatgur, in Central India. The Officer who commanded the Company to the end of the War was Lieut. J. B. Edwards. Digitized by Google I — CONTENTS. PAGC RniTOR's PRRRAPR V I CHAPTER I. Mexico, 1825 Royal Military Academy, 1834-44 and 52 12 CHAPTER II. Report to the Irish Railway Commission ; Work as Arbitrator between the Post Office and Railway Companies ; and work as Secretary to the Railway Commission of 1846 22 CHAPTER III. The Reform of the Royal Mint, 1850-54 55 CHAPTER IV. Board of Public Works, Ireland, 1854-55 82 chapter v. The War Office, 1855-6, and Malta, 1856-7 100 CHAPTER VI. The Suppression of the Indian Mutiny 127 CHAPTER VII. Colonel Harness in 1860-62 on the Education and Organisation of the Engineer Services 194 CHAPTER VIII. Royal Engineers School, Chatham, 1860-65 20Q CHAPTER IX. Retirement, 1865-1883 249 I NORX 288 EDITOR'S PREFACE. It has fallen to the lot of the member of the Committee nominated by the Corps to deal with the compilation of these Memoirs who joined it last to carry out the work initiated by our dear friend, General Collinson. The task allows me, to whom he passed it on, to tell the Corps how near to his heart lay the labour of love, of one who, for ability, for modesty, for gentleness and charm of character, has had few compeers amongst so many of our brother officers whom we have known with like natures. His u little work, War Policy for Greater Britain," printed for private circulation shortly before his death in 1 901, alone showed the extent of his know- ledge and the correctness of his military coup d'ceil. To me the task was supremely congenial, as the late Sir Henry Harness had, from my boyhood in the Service, been my beau ideal of a really great man, a Christian gentleman, and a true soldier. I remember when I was a boy officer a remark of the late Sir Colin Campbell (Lord Clyde) in Digitized by — — vi 1859, when with his aide-de-camp (the late Major- General Torrens), Colonel Harness—with me in attendance—joined the early morning walk of the Commander-in-Chief along the road round Jacko at Simla. Colonel Harness and Major Torrens had gone on in front, and I had the honour of listening to the Chiefs narrative of some incident of the Walcheren Expedition, when he turned to me with his sharp Scottish manner a propos of what I do not recollect— with the following words : " I say, boy, what a man that Colonel of yours is. I never met his like outside a book." Any one who can recall Sir Henry Harness's strength as a debater—his clear exposition (in brilliant calm language) of all that was worth noting in a subject under discussion, his power in an opening or in a winding up speech—will, I am sure, agree with me, that had his lot placed him in public life he would have been a rival of John Bright* in the simplicity and clearness of his language, and would have surpassed Gladstone* manyfold in the extraordinary variety and extent of the information with which his mind was stored on most of the great topics of his time. For- tunately for one of his character, he was never tempted to become a politician. * My opinion in this respect was formed by frequent visits to the Strangers' Gallery of the House of Commons in the 'sixties. [Ed.] Digitized by "— Vll Colonel W. D. Marsh, R.E., wrote of him : " His conversation was a continued creation of vivid and forcible features, such as one only realises usually in the thoughtful perusal of great writings. When he instituted the vvud voce examination of a young officer before himself and staff on the completion of the course, I was always attracted by the masterly way in which his observations turned upon principles. He sometimes spoke of the error that would be committed if the Corps was ever sub-divided, with the object of getting greater perfection of detail ; and thus losing sight of the infinite variety of conditions under which the Corps had to serve ; and for which nothing could qualify them except thorough soundness in principles. C. E. W. June, 1903. 1 DigitizeAy Google Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. Being a Brief Summary of the Services of GENERAL SIR HENRY DRURY HARNESS, K.C.B., COLONEL COMMANDANT ROYAL ENGINEERS.* General Harness was the son of John Harness, Esq., M.D., Commissioner of the Transport Board, and was born in 1804, and died on February 10th, 1883, at Oxford. After passing through the Royal Military Academy at Wool- wich, which he quitted in 1824, he was delayed in obtaining the Commission in the Royal Engineers, to which he was entitled, by there being" no vacancies at the time in that Corps. To make some good use of this delay, he (in com- pany with other cadets in the same circumstances) went to Mexico, and remained there for a year in the capacity of superintendent of a silver mine. In 1827 he got his Commission as a second Lieutenant of the Royal Engineers ; in 1832 he became a first Lieutenant, in 1843 he became a second Captain and in 1847 a First Captain ; in 1854 he was a Brevet Major, and a Regimental Lieutenant- Colonel in 1855, a Brevet Colo?iel in 1858, and a Regimental Colonel in 1862. In 1868 he was made a Major- General, and in 1877 a Colonel Commandant, and in the same year he retired with the honorary rank of General. He * Extracted by General Collinson, R.E., from the Memoir printed soon after his death. Digitized by Google 2 was made a C.B. for his services in India, and in 1873 pro- moted to K.C.B. A comparison of these dates of promotion with the dates of the various services, Military and Civil, to which he was appointed, during that whole period, will show how little the rank he held affected his being selected for important positions. On leaving the Chatham School he appears to have gone to Bermuda, where that kindest and most ingenious of com- manders, Colonel Blanshard, was C.R.E., and who was used to describe Harness's life there as one of Arcadian simplicity and love, for he had married soon after he got his commis- sion. Some idea of his capable service there may be obtained from his evidence before the Committee on Barrack Buildings in 1862. From 1834 to 1838 he was one of the Instructors in Fortifi- cation in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, and in 1844 he returned to that Institution as Professor of Fortification for a short time. During these two periods he reformed the teaching of that subject completely, and left behind him a course of study known as Harness's Papers, which remained the text-book of Fortification for many years. At this time also he assisted Captain (afterwards Sir William) Denison in starting " The Professional Papers of the Royal Engineers" after the model of those of the Institution of Civil Engineers, of which Harness became an associate member in 1837. About the same period he was employed, under the direc- tion of the Irish Railway Commission, in compiling a state- ment of the internal and external traffic of that country as a guide to the determination of the best routes for the principal lines of railway there. This compilation contained an extra- ordinary amount of information, collected from a great many sources ; and with a map of Ireland, which was made expressly for the purpose by the Ordnance Survey Depart- ment, it would be of valuable assistance in the consideration of a system of railway lines in any country where they were Digitized by Google 3 to be introduced for the first time. The compilation was printed among the reports of the Board of Works on that subject. In 1839 he was offered the situation of Surveyor-General of South Australia, which, however, he declined. In 1840 Harness was appointed Instructor in Surveying at the Royal Engineer School at Chatham. He wrote valuable papers for the use of the young officers in this important branch of their professional education, but they have since been superseded by various text-books, compiled by officers of the Corps and published by the War Department.
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