DOCSLIB.ORG

Case Studies of Attacks Against the Israeli Public Bus System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MTI Security Awareness for Public Bus Transportation: Case Studies of Funded by U.S. Department of Transportation and California Security Public Bus for Awareness Transportation Attacks Against the Israeli Public Department of Transportation Bus System MTI ReportMTI 11-07 MTI Report 11-07 March 2012 March MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies was established by Congress in the MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The Institute’s Board of Trustees revised the name to Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) in 1996. Reauthorized in 1998, MTI was selected by the U.S. Department of Transportation Honorary Chairman Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) John Horsley Michael S. Townes (TE 2011) through a competitive process in 2002 as a national “Center of Excellence.” The Institute is funded by Congress through the John L. Mica (Ex-Officio) Chief Executive Officer (Ex-Officio)* President/CEO (ret.) Amtrak Transportation District Commision of United States Department of Transportation’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration, the California Legislature Chair Executive Director House Transportation and American Association of State Hampton Roads through the Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. Infrastructure Committee Donald H. Camph (TE 2012) Highway and Transportation Officials House of Representatives President (AASHTO) David L. Turney* (TE 2012) California Institute for Technology Chairman, President & CEO The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface Honorary Co-Chair, Honorable Exchange Will Kempton (TE 2012) Digital Recorders, Inc. transportation modes. MTI’s focus on policy and management resulted from a Board assessment of the industry’s unmet needs Nick Rahall (Ex-Officio) CEO Anne P. Canby (TE 2011) Edward Wytkind (Ex-Officio) and led directly to the choice of the San José State University College of Business as the Institute’s home. The Board provides Vice Chairman Orange County Transportation House Transportation and President Authority President policy direction, assists with needs assessment, and connects the Institute and its programs with the international transportation Infrastructure Committee Surface Transportation Policy Project Transportation Trades Department, community. House of Representatives Michael P. Melaniphy AFL-CIO Julie Cunningham (TE 2013) (Ex-Officio) Chair, Mortimer Downey Executive Director/CEO President & CEO MTI’s transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: (TE 2013) Conference of Minority American Public Transportation Senior Advisor Transportation Officials Association (APTA) PB Consult Inc. Research William Dorey (TE 2012) William Millar* (Ex-Officio) President/CEO MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of Department of Transportation, MTI delivers its classes over Vice Chair, Steve Heminger President (TE 2013) Granite Construction Inc. American Public Transportation government and the private sector to foster the development a state-of-the-art videoconference network throughout Executive Director Association (APTA) of optimum surface transportation systems. Research areas in- the state of California and via webcasting beyond, allowing Metropolitan Transportation Malcolm Dougherty Commission (Ex-Officio) Norman Y. Mineta (Ex-Officio) clude: transportation security; planning and policy development; working transportation professionals to pursue an advanced Acting Director Vice Chairman interrelationships among transportation, land use, and the degree regardless of their location. To meet the needs of Executive Director California Department of Hill & Knowlton Transportation Secretary of Transportation (ret.) environment; transportation finance; and collaborative labor- employers seeking a diverse workforce, MTI’s education Rod Diridon* (TE 2011) Mineta Transportation Institute management relations. Certified Research Associates conduct program promotes enrollment to under-represented groups. Nuria I. Fernandez (TE 2013) Stephanie L. Pinson (TE 2013) the research. Certification requires an advanced degree, gener- Thomas E. Barron (TE 2013) Senior Vice President President/COO President Major Programs Group CHRMHill Gilbert Tweed Associates, Inc. ally a Ph.D., a record of academic publications, and profession- Information and Technology Transfer Parsons Transportation Group al references. Research projects culminate in a peer-reviewed MTI promotes the availability of completed research to Rose Guilbault (TE 2012) David Steele (Ex-Officio) Ignacio Barron de Angoiti Vice President Dean, College of Business ** Honorary publication, available both in hardcopy and on TransWeb, professional organizations and journals and works to American Automobile Association * (Ex-Officio) San José State University Chair ^ the MTI website (http://transweb.sjsu.edu). integrate the research findings into the graduate education Director Passenger and High Speed Vice Chair Ed Hamberger (Ex-Officio) Paul Toliver* (TE 2013) # Past Chair program. In addition to publishing the studies, the Institute Department International Union of Railways President/CEO President Education also sponsors symposia to disseminate research results (UIC) Association of American Railroads New Age Industries The educational goal of the Institute is to provide graduate-lev- to transportation professionals and encourages Research el education to students seeking a career in the development Associates to present their findings at conferences. The and operation of surface transportation programs. MTI, through World in Motion, MTI’s quarterly newsletter, covers San José State University, offers an AACSB-accredited Master of innovation in the Institute’s research and education pro- Directors Science in Transportation Management and a graduate Certifi- grams. MTI’s extensive collection of transportation-related Research Associates Policy Oversight Committee Hon. Rod Diridon, Sr. cate in Transportation Management that serve to prepare the na- publications is integrated into San José State University’s Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Ph.D. Frances Edwards, Ph.D. Executive Director Urban and Regional Planning Political Science tion’s transportation managers for the 21st century. The master’s world-class Martin Luther King, Jr. Library. San José State University San José State University degree is the highest conferred by the California State Uni- Karen E. Philbrick, Ph.D. versity system. With the active assistance of the California Research Director Jan Botha, Ph.D. Taeho Park, Ph.D. Civil & Environmental Engineering Organization and Management Peter Haas, Ph.D. San José State University San José State University Education Director Katherine Kao Cushing, Ph.D. Diana Wu Donna Maurillo Enviromental Science Martin Luther King, Jr. Library DISCLAIMER Communications Director San José State University San José State University The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation Brian Michael Jenkins Dave Czerwinski, Ph.D. Centers Program and the California Department of Transportation, in the interest of information exchange. This report does National Transportation Security Center of Marketing and Decision Science not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the U.S. government, State of California, or the Mineta Transportation Institute, Excellence San José State University who assume no liability for the contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Ph.D. National Transportation Finance Center representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. REPORT 11-07 SECURITY AWARENESS FOR PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION: CASE STUDIES OF ATTACKS AGAINST THE ISRAELI PUBLIC BUS SYSTEM Bruce R. Butterworth Shalom Dolev Brian Michael Jenkins March 2012 A publication of Mineta Transportation Institute Created by Congress in 1991 College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Acession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. CA-MTI-12-2978 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Security Awareness for Public Bus Transportation: Case Studies of Attacks March 2012 Against the Israeli Public Bus System 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report Bruce Robert Butterworth, Shalom Dolev, Brian Michael Jenkins MTI Report 11-07 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University 11. Contract or Grant No. San José, CA 95192-0219 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report Office of Research—MS42 Research & Innovative Technology Admin. P.O. Box 942873 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Sacramento, CA 94273-0001 Washington, DC 20590 U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Recommended publications
  • Arkitektur I Konflikt

    Arkitektur I Konflikt

    Arkitektur i konflikt: Arkitekturens rolle i kampen om Jerusalem Ida Kathinka Skolseg MØNA4590 - Masteroppgave i Midtøsten- og Nord-Afrika-studier Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Mai 2016 II The city does not consist of this, but of relationships between the measurements of its space and the events of its past… The city, however, does not tell its past, but contains it like the lines of a hand, written in the corners of the streets, the gratings of the windows, the banisters of the steps, the antennae of the lightning rods, the poles of the flags, every segment mamrked in turn with scratches, indentations, scrolls. Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities. III © Forfatter Ida Kathinka Skolseg År 2016 Tittel Arkitektur i konflikt: Hva er arkitekturens rolle i kampen om Jerusalem Forfatter Ida Kathinka Skolseg http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Sammendrag Israel forsøker å presentere Jerusalem som en forent by, hvis udelelige egenskap er basert på Jerusalems rolle som jødenes religiøse, historiske og politiske hovedstad. Den politiske dimensjonen av "å bygge landet Israel" er en fundamental, men samtidig en skjult komponent av enhver bygning som blir konstruert. Den politiske virkeligheten dette skaper er ofte mer konkluderende og dominerende enn hva den stilmessige, estetiske og sensuelle effekten av hva en bygning kan kommunisere. "Ingen er fullstendig fri fra striden om rom", skriver Edward Said, "og det handler ikke bare om soldater og våpen, men også ideer, former, bilder og forestillinger." 27. juni, to uker etter at Seksdagerskrigen endte i 1967, ble 64 kvadratkilometer land og ca.
  • 4.Employment Education Hebrew Arnona Culture and Leisure

    4.Employment Education Hebrew Arnona Culture and Leisure

    Did you know? Jerusalem has... STARTUPS OVER OPERATING IN THE CITY OVER SITES AND 500 SYNAGOGUES 1200 39 MUSEUMS ALTITUDE OF 630M CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS COMMUNITY 51 AND ARTS CENTERS 27 MANAGERS ( ) Aliyah2Jerusalem ( ) Aliyah2Jerusalem JERUSALEM IS ISRAEL’S STUDENTS LARGEST CITY 126,000 DUNAM Graphic design by OVER 40,000 STUDYING IN THE CITY 50,000 VOLUNTEERS Illustration by www.rinatgilboa.com • Learning centers are available throughout the city at the local Provide assistance for olim to help facilitate a smooth absorption facilities. The centers offer enrichment and study and successful integration into Jerusalem. programs for school age children. • Jerusalem offers a large selection of public and private schools Pre - Aliyah Services 2 within a broad religious spectrum. Also available are a broad range of learning methods offered by specialized schools. Assistance in registration for municipal educational frameworks. Special in Jerusalem! Assistance in finding residence, and organizing community needs. • Tuition subsidies for Olim who come to study in higher education and 16 Community Absorption Coordinators fit certain criteria. Work as a part of the community administrations throughout the • Jerusalem is home to more than 30 institutions of higher education city; these coordinators offer services in educational, cultural, sports, that are recognized by the Student Authority of the Ministry of administrative and social needs for Olim at the various community Immigration & Absorption. Among these schools is Hebrew University – centers.
  • Three Conquests of Canaan

    Three Conquests of Canaan

    ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case.
  • מכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies שנתון

    מכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies שנתון

    מכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies שנתון סטטיסטי לירושלים Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem 2016 2016 לוחות נוספים – אינטרנט Additional Tables - Internet לוח ג/19 - אוכלוסיית ירושלים לפי קבוצת אוכלוסייה, רמת הומוגניות חרדית1, רובע, תת-רובע ואזור סטטיסטי, 2014 Table III/19 - Population of Jerusalem by Population Group, Ultra-Orthodox Homogeneity Level1, Quarter, Sub-Quarter, and Statistical Area, 2014 % רמת הומוגניות חרדית )1-12( סך הכל יהודים ואחרים אזור סטטיסטי ערבים Statistical area Ultra-Orthodox Jews and Total homogeneity Arabs others level )1-12( ירושלים - סך הכל Jerusalem - Total 10 37 63 849,780 רובע Quarter 1 10 2 98 61,910 1 תת רובע 011 - נווה יעקב Sub-quarter 011 - 3 1 99 21,260 Neve Ya'akov א"ס .S.A 0111 נווה יעקב )מזרח( Neve Ya'akov (east) 1 0 100 2,940 0112 נווה יעקב - Neve Ya'akov - 1 0 100 2,860 קרית קמניץ Kiryat Kamenetz 0113 נווה יעקב )דרום( - Neve Ya'akov (south) - 6 1 99 3,710 רח' הרב פניז'ל, ,.Harav Fenigel St מתנ"ס community center 0114 נווה יעקב )מרכז( - Neve Ya'akov (center) - 6 1 99 3,450 מבוא אדמונד פלג .Edmond Fleg St 0115 נווה יעקב )צפון( - 3,480 99 1 6 Neve Ya'akov (north) - Meir Balaban St. רח' מאיר בלבן 0116 נווה יעקב )מערב( - 4,820 97 3 9 Neve Ya'akov (west) - Abba Ahimeir St., רח' אבא אחימאיר, Moshe Sneh St. רח' משה סנה תת רובע 012 - פסגת זאב צפון Sub-quarter 012 - - 4 96 18,500 Pisgat Ze'ev north א"ס .S.A 0121 פסגת זאב צפון )מערב( Pisgat Ze'ev north (west) - 6 94 4,770 0122 פסגת זאב צפון )מזרח( - Pisgat Ze'ev north (east) - - 1 99 3,120 רח' נתיב המזלות .Netiv Hamazalot St 0123
  • Hagefen August 11, 2017

    Hagefen August 11, 2017

    Hagefen www.gfn.co.il August 11, 2017 MENASHE SECTION Menashe Regional Council chair Ilan Sadeh signs the plan for the new industrial zone: Menashe Regional Council The Industrial Zone in Menashe: Planning completed for the Iron Industrial Zone The Menashe Regional Council has completed planning for the Iron Industrial Zone, with all approvals in hand Architect Leah Perry, engineer for the Menashe-Alona Regional Planning and Building Committee, noted that the land area chosen – part of the Menashe regional jurisdiction between the Menashe Regional Center and the Barkai intersection – is close to the country’s main transportation network, in proximity to the Iron interchange on Trans-Israel Highway 6 as well as Highway 2, Route 65 and Israel Railways. The location is also consonant with the master plan for Wadi Ara development. The industrial zone has a total area of 1085 dunams (c. 268 acres), with 628,000 square meters for industrial and commercial buildings and another c. 15,000 square meters of public buildings. by Yaniv Golan This week Menashe Regional Council chairman Ilan Sadeh and architect Leah Perry, the council engineer for the Menashe-Alona Regional Planning and Building Committee, signed off on the plans, which were forwarded for registration with the Haifa District Planning and Building Committee, prior to final approval of the plans. The Iron Industrial Zone will be shared by six Jewish and Arab local councils in the northern Sharon area of Wadi Ara. The new industrial zone is an initiative of Menashe Regional Council chairman Ilan Sadeh. Behind this project is a unique Jewish-Arab partnership involving Jewish councils – the Menashe regional council and the Harish local council – alongside a series of Arab councils in Wadi Ara – the Umm al Fahm municipality, the Kfar Qara local council, the Basma local council (comprising Barta’a, Ein a-Sahle and Muawiya) and the Arara local council.
  • THE JIHAD Different Areas of Research

    THE JIHAD Different Areas of Research

    The Strategic Studies Group (GEES) is the oldest private and independent think- tank of Spain. Since 1987 has produced assessments and analysis and has advised different corporations, governments and media outlets inside as well beyond Spain. The reports, analysis, articles and events are prepared by specialists from THE JIHAD different areas of research. During the more than 30 years of existence, the Strategic Studies Group (GEES) has become an indispensable reference within the world of liberal-conservative ideas, specially in issues related to security and defense. The Strategic Studies AGAINST SPAIN Group (GEES) and its members are active members in several international initiatives and networks of think-tanks across the world, being considered globally as the most influential conservative center in Spain. ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE VISIT THE STRATEGIC STUDIES GROUP: OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT http://www.gees.org ON SOCIAL NETWORKS: https://www.facebook.com/grupoGEES Strategic Studies Group https://twitter.com/grupogees © 2018 GEES – Strategic Studies Group ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT THE JIHAD AGAINST SPAIN SPAIN AGAINST THE JIHAD The Jihad AGAINST SPAIN ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT Strategic Studies Group GEES TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE BY IGNACIO COSIDÓ ........................................................................ 5 PRESENTATION ..................................................................................................... 9 1. EUROPE’S FIGHT AGAINST ISLAMIST TERROR .........................................
  • Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict

    Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict

    Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict September 2000 - September 2007 L_C089061 Table of Contents: Foreword...........................................................................................................................1 Suicide Terrorists - Personal Characteristics................................................................2 Suicide Terrorists Over 7 Years of Conflict - Geographical Data...............................3 Suicide Attacks since the Beginning of the Conflict.....................................................5 L_C089062 Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict Foreword Since September 2000, the State of Israel has been in a violent and ongoing conflict with the Palestinians, in which the Palestinian side, including its various organizations, has carried out attacks against Israeli citizens and residents. During this period, over 27,000 attacks against Israeli citizens and residents have been recorded, and over 1000 Israeli citizens and residents have lost their lives in these attacks. Out of these, 155 (May 2007) attacks were suicide bombings, carried out against Israeli targets by 178 (August 2007) suicide terrorists (male and female). (It should be noted that from 1993 up to the beginning of the conflict in September 2000, 38 suicide bombings were carried out by 43 suicide terrorists). Despite the fact that suicide bombings constitute 0.6% of all attacks carried out against Israel since the beginning of the conflict, the number of fatalities in these attacks is around half of the total number of fatalities, making suicide bombings the most deadly attacks. From the beginning of the conflict up to August 2007, there have been 549 fatalities and 3717 casualties as a result of 155 suicide bombings. Over the years, suicide bombing terrorism has become the Palestinians’ leading weapon, while initially bearing an ideological nature in claiming legitimate opposition to the occupation.
  • EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE NOTE (U//LES) Suicide Vest and Belt Improvised Explosive Device Tactics in the Middle Eastern, African, An

    EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE NOTE (U//LES) Suicide Vest and Belt Improvised Explosive Device Tactics in the Middle Eastern, African, An

    UNCLASSIFIED//LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE NOTE Terrorism Explosive Device Analytical Center 17 November 2015 (U//LES) Suicide Vest and Belt Improvised Explosive Device Tactics in the Middle Eastern, African, and European Regions Show Minimal Signs of Tactic Migration (U) LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE: The information marked (U//LES) in this document is the property of FBI and may be distributed within the Federal Government (and its contractors), US intelligence, law enforcement, public safety or protection officials and individuals with a need to know. Distribution beyond these entities without FBI authorization is prohibited. Precautions should be taken to ensure this information is stored and/or destroyed in a manner that precludes unauthorized access. Information bearing the LES caveat may not be used in legal proceedings without first receiving authorization from the originating agency. Recipients are prohibited from subsequently posting the information marked LES on a website or an unclassified network. (U//LES) The FBI Terrorism Explosive Device Analytical Center (TEDAC) assesses the tactics used to construct suicide vest and belt improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in the Middle Eastern, African, and European regions likely (see Appendix A) have minimal correlation. Use of these tactics allows suicide bombers to discretely move to a desired target location and make real-time decisions to maximize lethality. The suicide belt design allows the wearer to conceal the device and blend in with their surrounding environment, as well as to position themselves in potentially crowded environments while not raising suspicion.1 This assessment is made with medium confidence (see Appendix B), based upon reliable forensic exploitation and varying degrees of reliability with open source reporting.
  • The Palestinian People

    The Palestinian People

    The Palestinian People The Palestinian People ❖ A HISTORY Baruch Kimmerling Joel S. Migdal HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2003 Copyright © 1994, 2003 by Baruch Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America An earlier version of this book was published in 1994 as Palestinians: The Making of a People Cataloging-in-Publication data available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-674-01131-7 (cloth) ISBN 0-674-01129-5 (paper) To the Palestinians and Israelis working and hoping for a mutually acceptable, negotiated settlement to their century-long conflict CONTENTS Maps ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xxi Note on Transliteration xxiii Introduction xxv Part One FROM REVOLT TO REVOLT: THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE EUROPEAN WORLD AND ZIONISM 1. The Revolt of 1834 and the Making of Modern Palestine 3 2. The City: Between Nablus and Jaffa 38 3. Jerusalem: Notables and Nationalism 67 4. The Arab Revolt, 1936–1939 102 vii Contents Part Two DISPERSAL 5. The Meaning of Disaster 135 Part Three RECONSTITUTING THE PALESTINIAN NATION 6. Odd Man Out: Arabs in Israel 169 7. Dispersal, 1948–1967 214 8. The Feday: Rebirth and Resistance 240 9. Steering a Path under Occupation 274 Part Four ABORTIVE RECONCILIATION 10. The Oslo Process: What Went Right? 315 11. The Oslo Process: What Went Wrong? 355 Conclusion 398 Chronological List of Major Events 419 Notes 457 Index 547 viii MAPS 1. Palestine under Ottoman Rule 39 2. Two Partitions of Palestine (1921, 1949) 148 3. United Nations Recommendation for Two-States Solution in Palestine (1947) 149 4.
  • The Upper Kidron Valley

    The Upper Kidron Valley

    Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Founded by the Charles H. Revson Foundation The Upper Kidron Valley Conservation and Development in the Visual Basin of the Old City of Jerusalem Editor: Israel Kimhi Jerusalem 2010 Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies – Study No. 398 The Upper Kidron Valley Conservation and Development in the Visual Basin of the Old City of Jerusalem Editor: Israel Kimhi This publication was made possible thanks to the assistance of the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, San Francisco. 7KHFRQWHQWRIWKLVGRFXPHQWUHÀHFWVWKHDXWKRUV¶RSLQLRQRQO\ Photographs: Maya Choshen, Israel Kimhi, and Flash 90 Linguistic editing (Hebrew): Shlomo Arad Production and printing: Hamutal Appel Pagination and design: Esti Boehm Translation: Sagir International Translations Ltd. © 2010, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., Jerusalem 92186 http://www.jiis.org E-mail: [email protected] Research Team Israel Kimhi – head of the team and editor of the report Eran Avni – infrastructures, public participation, tourism sites Amir Eidelman – geology Yair Assaf-Shapira – research, mapping, and geographical information systems Malka Greenberg-Raanan – physical planning, development of construction Maya Choshen – population and society Mike Turner – physical planning, development of construction, visual analysis, future development trends Muhamad Nakhal ±UHVLGHQWSDUWLFLSDWLRQKLVWRU\SUR¿OHRIWKH$UDEQHLJKERU- hoods Michal Korach – population and society Israel Kimhi – recommendations for future development, land uses, transport, planning Amnon Ramon – history, religions, sites for conservation Acknowledgments The research team thanks the residents of the Upper Kidron Valley and the Visual Basin of the Old City, and their representatives, for cooperating with the researchers during the course of the study and for their willingness to meet frequently with the team.
  • Exporting Zionism

    Exporting Zionism

    Exporting Zionism: Architectural Modernism in Israeli-African Technical Cooperation, 1958-1973 Ayala Levin Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Ayala Levin All rights reserved ABSTRACT Exporting Zionism: Architectural Modernism in Israeli-African Technical Cooperation, 1958-1973 Ayala Levin This dissertation explores Israeli architectural and construction aid in the 1960s – “the African decade” – when the majority of sub-Saharan African states gained independence from colonial rule. In the Cold War competition over development, Israel distinguished its aid by alleging a postcolonial status, similar geography, and a shared history of racial oppression to alleviate fears of neocolonial infiltration. I critically examine how Israel presented itself as a model for rapid development more applicable to African states than the West, and how the architects negotiated their professional practice in relation to the Israeli Foreign Ministry agendas, the African commissioners' expectations, and the international disciplinary discourse on modern architecture. I argue that while architectural modernism was promoted in the West as the International Style, Israeli architects translated it to the African context by imbuing it with nation-building qualities such as national cohesion, labor mobilization, skill acquisition and population dispersal. Based on their labor-Zionism settler-colonial experience,
  • Overcoming Failure: How Extremist Organizations Leverage Setbacks with Powerful Propaganda

    Overcoming Failure: How Extremist Organizations Leverage Setbacks with Powerful Propaganda

    THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IMES CAPSTONE PAPER SERIES Overcoming Failure: How Extremist Organizations Leverage Setbacks with Powerful Propaganda Rachel N. Ridley Mattisan S. Rowan May 2017 THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES THE ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY © Rachel N. Ridley and Mattisan S. Rowan, 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to give our sincere thanks to our advisor, Ms. Rhea Siers, for providing expert guidance and research assistance throughout our capstone process. We would also like to thank Laura Wrubel for assisting us through the process of collecting social media data and guiding our use of the Social Feed Manager through the Gelman Library. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………….3 2. Methodology ...………………………………………………………………………………………….4 2.1 Defining Extremism …………………………………………………………………………...4 2.2 Defining Operational and Military Failures …………………………………………………...5 2.3 Research Methods ……………………………………………………………………………..7 2.4 Limitations …………………………………………………………………………………….7 3. Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………………………...8 3.1 Violent Extremism versus Terrorism …………………………………………………………8 3.2 Theories of Violent Extremism ……………………………………………………………....10 3.3 Extremist Organizations and Propaganda …………………………………………………....12 3.4 Contribution to the Literature ………………………………………………………………..15 4. A Historical Framework: Hamas and Hezbollah as Case Studies ………………………………...15 4.1 Hamas: History and Propaganda Tactics …………………………………………………….15 4.2 Hamas