4. Nature and biodiversity

4A. Current Situation

The various types of landscapes in the Rijk van Nijmegen offer living space to many species. Because of its growth since 1880, Nijmegen has barely any open space: this is why Nijmegen is fully investing in the green ring around the city. Its secondary channel will become an artery for nature and biodiversity. ‘River scape Nijmegen embraces the Waal’: making the city more accessible and attractive for nature and biodiversity.

Total surface Year of the data Indicator Number area (ha) provided Gelderse Poort 2014 (see figure 2) Number and total surface total 6,105 ha area of Natura 2000 sites that 2 Rhine branches are situated in the city or Waal total 5,525 nearby (i.e. within 10 km) ha Approx. 800 ha 2015 (see figure 2) Gelderland Nature Number and total surface categories: Network within city limits area of assigned areas of Natura 2000 (Natural areas are not national interest for Nature defined separately by biodiversity in the city (habitat Interweaved the province/State) / species management areas) Wildlife corridor Number and total surface area of assigned areas of 1 - 10: approx. 2015 (see map 4) 10 + 9 local (urban) biodiversity 600 ha Hotspots interest in the city (habitat / A - I: approx. 20 species management areas) ha Whole Nijmegen Groene Draad territory (5,760 determined 2007 1 + follow-up plans (see ha) (including all footnote and 4D) developments Date and time horizon of the 2020) city’s biodiversity action plan

Natura 2000 Waal floodplains to the west and east, partly on Nijmegen territory, was finally destined as Natura 2000 area in 2014 (figure 2) (open water, swamps, muddy banks, underwood, willow forests, types of grassland) (figure 1). The area is also largely Habitats Directive and Birds Directive area.

Figure 1: Nature Waal floodplains

Main Ecological Structure/Gelderland Nature Network The green ring around Nijmegen is largely within the conservation regime of the national Main Ecological Structure and provincial protection (=Gelderland Nature Network) (figure 2). West of Nijmegen the green ring is partly urbanised, partly agricultural.

Millingerwaard is situated in the National Landscape Gelderse Poort: origin (1983) of large-scale nature rehabilitation along Dutch rivers and of cooperation between Ministry of Waterways, the brick industry, farmers, soil removers and nature organisations. Nature reserves in Gelderse Poort connect to the nature and landscape, including Natura 2000 areas, along the German Niederrhein.

Nijmegen does not have a separate biodiversity plan. Green policy is laid down in Policy Plan De Groene Draad with elaboration: Handboek Stadsbomen, Groene Allure Binnenstad, Groenaanpak Dukenburg and Lindenholt; Groen Verbindt; and in green management plans. The forest and heathland rich lateral moraine south and east of Nijmegen is part of Gelderland Nature Network, and is partly property of Nijmegen, fully managed by conservation organisations. Essential in the green ring is the buffer zone between Arnhem and Nijmegen. Here Arnhem, Nijmegen, the province of Gelderland and Waterschap Rivierenland are realising Park Lingezegen (1,700 hectare) (figure 2), a wildlife corridor of the Gelderland Nature Network.

[Nature rehabilitation specification, Nature rehabilitation, Past nature rehabilitation, Main Ecological Structure Regional Plan 2009, Nature, Interweaved, Ecological connection zone, Natura 2000]

Figure 2: Main Ecological Structure Gelderland Nature Network

Municipal ecological network Spatial structure and form of green are results of geomorphology/geology, (cultural) historic and urban development. Lateral moraine and Waal (figure 3) dominate with the glorious, Parisian allure of the tree lanes and hilly, monumental parks in the centre and old forests source areas on lateral moraine in Nijmegen-Oost. There is park-like green in the outwash plain in former village centres such as Brakkenstein, Hatert and Hees and ‘urbanised’ country estates such as Heijendaal and Winkelsteeg. Park-West is the green area of small and big connected parks realised since 1995 in early 20th century built-up, stony districts of Nijmegen-West. Lavish green and water in young (= after 1965) western part of the city’s Dukenburg and Lindenholt districts deeply penetrates the residential areas. Waal, channel zone and railways form the main ecological routes straight through the city; tree structures along radial roads and tree lanes around the centre form ecological connections.

Figure 3: Scenic situation

Due to its special geomorphology and geology, Nijmegen and environs have major variety of environments for plant and animal species. Research (Flora van Nijmegen and Kleef 1800 – 2006) shows that approximately 1,500 types of plants have been found. The Netherlands currently has 1,536 native plants. In the national benchmark Atlas of Dutch municipalities 2013 Nijmegen scores first in the abundance of birds. Ecological hotspots are valuable nature reserves with a relationship with nature outside the city. Here we focus on the further development of nature, management is aligned to present and potential ecological values. Nijmegen also has several district hotspots that are largely managed by locals (figure 4).

[Ecological hotspot, District spot, Nature garden Bottendaal, Botanical garden, wooded area, Pools and orchard Lindenholt. Legend: EHS and protected areas, Current natural value (source:), Relatively high natural value, Average, Relatively low, Unknown (insufficient data), Ecological structure urban area, Ecological hotspot, District spot, Dry ecological veining, Wet ecological veining] Figure 4: Ecological structure Nijmegen The secondary channel becomes the ecological connection through the city centre, with challenging possibilities for nature in floodplains and on the town island (figure 5); desired situation and management laid down in memorandum Management and Upkeep Plan Room for the River Waal.

[Desired situation IP, Types of vegetation IP Desired situation: Field, Mud flat, Reed, Sandy beach, Groyne field, Softwood forest, Rough meadow, Roughened meadow, Natural meadow, Normal meadow, Flat meadow, High-water safe, Built-up/paved, Stone revetment, Sandy path/semi-paved, Structure-rich grassy brushwood, Homogenous brushwood, Wet brushwood homogenous, Normal forest, Open forest, Thickets, Dense forest, Tree avenue (flat), Secondary channels, Pools, Creek, Summer bed, Hedges and tree-lines]

Figure 5: Management plan secondary channel, general (above), in detail (below) Invasive type: Japanese Knotweed; now control in 45 locations (Biodiversity Strategy 2020, Target 5). There is currently little inconvenience of invasive species for the green in the city. Conservation organisations and nature monitoring organisations have a good view of this. No pesticides in green management since 1995. Genentech-free: Nijmegen is the first Genentech-free municipality (2012). Nijmegen has been promoting and subsidising Green roofs and disconnecting rainwater since 2009. Nijmegen supports numerous educational organisations and projects for the protection of biodiversity. 4B. Past performance targets

Natura 2000 area Rhine branches runs straight through Nijmegen. The floodplains are Birds Directive and/or Habitats Directive area. The nature in the Main Ecological Structure/Gelderland Nature Network, in the green ring around the city, some of this Nijmegen territory, is managed on the basis of conservation plans. Management and monitoring are in the professional hands of renowned conservation organisations.

Nijmegen is compact, surrounded by a natural, green ring, attractive and easily accessible by bike. In the compact city we distinguish main green and district green: from the natural potential and within what is possible in an urban environment and taking account of the wishes of residents, the challenge and objective is: conservation and development of natural values.

Nature and landscape outside municipal boundaries Over the past few years, the city of Nijmegen invested €0.6 million in the improvement of biodiversity in the adjoining agricultural area Ooijpolder (part of National Landscape Gelderse Poort) (figure 6). Naturally occurring footpaths and wildlife corridors have been realised together with farmers, conservation organisations, municipalities, Province of Gelderland and the State. Land owners are managing landscape elements contractually for 30(!) years, against payment in line with the prevailing market (!!) (Biodiversity Strategy 2020 Targets 2 3). Monitoring (see 4D: ‘’He who invests in landscape, will reap nature’’) shows the increasing natural wealth: With its support for landscape and natural values outside its municipal borders, Nijmegen has a nationally recognised exemplary function.

Figure 6: Landscape development in the Ooijpolder [Hiking path, New or restored landscape elements]

The opening up of the Ooijpolder for walking, improved by the bridge (2012) over the provincial road Nijmegen-Kleve (figure 6: the red dotted line), adjoining the realised wildlife corridor between the lateral moraine and polder. In 2013 Nijmegen realised the 60-metre long footbridge (€0.5 million) between its centre, over a branch of the Waal, straight into Ooijpolder. Motto: ‘going out in the city, walking in the polder’. We are currently developing plans for ‘the green carpet’, between nature centre De Bastei (ready in 2017) and this bridge.

Until 2013 Nijmegen had up to approx. 625 hectare of forest/nature, immediately outside its municipal borders, which used to largely be military training area. These forests are part of the Gelderland Nature Network and management visions have been drawn up for this area. Until 2013 Nijmegen managed this itself, partly financed by the State, subject to quality control by the province. Together with the managers of adjoining nature reserves and in consultation with volunteers, neighbouring communities and provinces (Gelderland and Limburg) heathland has been restored these past few years (figure 7). Corridors have been added and barriers removed, resulting in a large, connected heathland. Targeted species: sand lizard, smooth snake, European nightjar and bush cricket. A herd of sheep is used in the management. Monitoring shows good results (see 4D).

We transferred the management of approx. 80% of this natural wealth in 2013 to Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, which is focusing on the further development of natural wealth and on using the present potential (figure 7). It involves volunteers and concentrates on education. For our remaining forest area we are currently working on the vision and management plan, with, among others, the stag beetle as targeted species.

[Zweefvliegveld=Glider field, Legend: Open sand, Species-rich pioneer vegetation, Structure-rich mixed heathland, Structure-rich old heathland, Heathland with forest wild shoots, Open forest with heathlands, Connecting zone]

Figure 7: Heathland between Mook and Nijmegen

The city of Nijmegen is participating in Park Lingezegen, a 1,700 hectare green buffer between Nijmegen and Arnhem, with €3.8 million (total investment €68.5 million) investment and management contribution (€0.23 million annually). Important nature partners are the Dutch Forestry Commission and District Water Board Rivierenland. This largely agricultural area is undergoing a metamorphosis into nature and recreation, connected to and of interest for green quality in Nijmegen-Noord (secondary channel, floodplains, De Waaijer, district green) and of course for our inhabitants. The Users Council of Park Lingezegen is essential for the involvement of numerous groups.

In sub area De Woerdt of Park Lingezegen, adjoining Nijmegen-Noord, lies ‘Akkers van Doornik’ (approx. 30 hectare), with development of natural field flora and fauna (continuous monitoring shows types such as yellowhammer, redstart, skylark and marsh warbler), recreation and environmental education. In 2014/2015 the Akkers van Doornik foundation is developing plans for permaculture/food forest, among others through an international study week in November 2015. It is being investigated how Spiegelbos (10 hectare; Nijmegen property; in neighbouring community Lingewaard) can play a role in this. The foundation also manages 25 hectare of floodplains east of Nijmegen.

Figure 8: Aerial photo and plan map of Park Lingezegen, sub area De Woerdt

Nature and landscape in municipal boundaries Natural values in the city are determined by the natural potential degree of urbanisation, and not to forget: by the wishes and on the basis of the dedication of our residents. Here the relationship between green/ecology/biodiversity with health and social cohesion is essential. Below are several examples (figure 9 and 10).

Our green policy plan ‘De Groene Draad’ (2007) lays down the ecological structure. For green maintenance there is close cooperation with dozens of neighbourhood groups and with local organisations for conservation and environmental education. They manage several special natural hotspots such as Natuurtuin Bottendaal, Patersbos, Natuurtuin De Goffert and Javabosje (see figure 4). We stimulate the connection between city and countryside. Thanks to Limospark (former barrack area) nature is moving back to the city. Several years ago there was even a wild boar here, visible to the primary school (situated in the former barracks).

The purchase of country estate Driehuizen (30 hectare; 2005) and the conversion (2009) of traditional more natural green such as the Geologenpark (Dukenburg) and the Randpark (Hatert) brings nature into the city. In the Dukenburg and Lindenholt quarters sheep graze; since 2014 also on dykes Nijmegen-Noord, since 2015 on a hill directly adjoining the city centre.

Figure 9: Randpark Hatert (above left), sheep grazing in the city (above right) Natural play at school (below left) and Bee Centre in Volkspark De Goffert (opened 2015) (below right)

In our water-rich parts of town, Lindenholt and Dukenburg, we made many steep, supported banks eco-friendly since 2001, in combination with natural play. The kingfisher is often spotted here. For these parts of the city we are consciously focusing on green and water as unique selling points. District Water Board Rivierenland monitors the ecological values and water quality.

Thanks to many grids and tunnels along roads around Nijmegen, the number of badgers around Nijmegen has strongly increased. Badgers are now also foraging and settling in several residential areas. In consultation with locals and conservation organisations we are adapting layout and green management, have taken measures to limit/prevent traffic mortality (2015) and are preparing measures for the Dukenburg district (realisation 2016).

In stony residential areas we are stimulating residents to lay façade gardens together and to replace fences by hedges. The municipality is facilitating planting and the residents are managing it. This promotes health, perception value of the neighbourhood and benefits biodiversity.

Figure 10: Façade gardens and liveable green and water

In consultation with and mainly at the initiative of local conservation organisations and resident groups projects are created, such as nest boxes for swifts, built by asylum seekers and placed in working – class areas of Nijmegen-west. With local beekeepers, we aim for a network of bee hives spread over the city, also with adaptation of public green. For the promotion of climate adaptation, a vegetation roof was built on the town hall. The beekeeper association has placed several bee hives here.

Several local organisations (Nature museum, children’s farms, Natuurtuin Goffert, Heemtuin Lent, Environmental Centre, Institute of Conservation Education) offer a multifaceted range about nature in and around the city, for young and old, varying from practical green and nature conservation, to courses (such as gardening, fruit tree upkeep) and lessons, walks, etc. In school garden project De Wielewaal (Ooijpolder), which began in 2010, school children learn to grow food. The municipality finances part of these organisations and activities. There is major reach: more than 31,000 Nijmegen school children were already given conservation education (figure 9).

A peregrine lives in iconic Nijmegen Saint Steven’s church, another in a cooling tower of power plant Electrabel. A total of 100 swift dwellings were built into several new housing projects, such as Hessenberg and Plein ’44. In 2015 the Nijmegen beekeeper association moved into the fully renovated bee information/ training centre in Volkspark Goffert (€0.125 million; financier: municipality of Nijmegen) (figure 9).

Waarneming.nl indicates 1,499 types of natural plants and animals in Nijmegen in 2013, and 3,143 new types over the past decade.

4C. Plans for the future

Landscape and nature do not end in front of the city walls, on the contrary: Nijmegen is increasingly – in accordance with the Ecopolis strategy – regarding itself as an integral part of the landscape. Frameworks form its Structural Vision, City Vision and Sustainability Agenda, as well as international and national legislation (such as Biodiversity strategy 2020). Nijmegen stimulates landscape qualities outside our city. And IN our city we are stimulating landscape (green-blue) networks and biodiversity together with residents, builders and conservation organisations. What is challenging, is that Rivierpark Nijmegen lies in the economic corridor Rotterdam-Ruhr Area/Trans-European Transport Network TEN-T.

What is important is nature rehabilitation in the forelands, the dyke realignment (figures 11, 12) with secondary channel and future city island and the creation of sustainable hydrological setup with its green-blue network in the construction of the residential districts in Nijmegen-Noord.

Figure 11: Map and Impression of River Park Nijmegen (seen from the east) City island and secondary channel will become a new link in the chain of nature rehabilitation along the Waal and Rhine: River Park Nijmegen. West of Nijmegen there is nature rehabilitation in Oosterhoutse and Beuningse Waard (floodplains), east in the Stadswaard (figure 12). The World Wildlife Fund and Stichting Ark are powerful motors behind this nature rehabilitation. A few years ago Stichting Ark introduced the sturgeon to the Waal. Other targeted benefiting species are the beaver and sea-eagle. Otters, which had disappeared from the Netherlands for many years, have been observed in several areas in Ooijpolder. Management plans for Natura 2000 Rhine branches (in accordance with the Biodiversity strategy 2020 Target 1), so also within our city limits, are under the authority of the Province of Gelderland.

Figure 12: Nature rehabilitation floodplains: Waalweelde

[“The transport of people and goods is strongly increasing worldwide and in Europe a lot of these increasing goods streams will go via Dutch main ports”

Figure 13 Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T)

Local authorities are developing nature and recreation along the Waal in their joint programme Waalweelde. Waalweelde takes place in the Gelderland Corridor (economic artery: A12 motorway, Betuwe railway line, Waal, places of business), part of the Trans-European Transport Network TEN-T (figure 13).

On the north side of the Waal we are working on the development of De Woerdt, sub-area in the larger Park Lingezegen, adjoining our Waalsprong (also see 4B). In the development of our new residential areas we are focusing on the link between playing, nature, cultural history (particularly the fruit-growing past), food and health.

In addition, Nijmegen, as the largest city along the Waal, wants to develop into a gateway to the landscape along the river and on the lateral moraine Nijmegen-Kleve. On the east side of Nijmegen, south of the Waal, further work is being done on the ambition of Ketelwald (figure 14), a cross-border project in which Dutch and German local authorities, conservation organisations and nature managers make working arrangements for development into a coherent nature reserve. With its 9,000 ha of nature, rich cultural history and major variety of biotopes, Ketelwald can develop into a German-Dutch natural gem, with the red deer as one of the target species (already in the German Reichswald) (Biodiversity strategy Target 3).

[Legend: Rivers and lakes, Heathland, Forest, Building/Rural estate, Villages and towns, EHS (forest and nature), Management area, Nature protection area, Habitat Directive, Birds Directive, Natural monument]

Figure 14: Ketelwald

For green in Nijmegen south of the Waal, among others the following will be of importance over the next few years:  Construction of natural district park in stony district De Biezen in 2016/2017 (0.5 hectare) (300 metre norm) (investment €1.5 million).  Construction of Noviopark, 2016, Nijmegen West, 0.5 hectare, on the basis of the principles of permaculture/ food forest (€0.4 million).  Together with the Nature Museum and the Forestry Commission Nijmegen builds the Nature Centre De Bastei (red point figure 12) (€6,000,000) lying on lateral moraine near monumental Valkhofpark in city centre.  Furthermore realisation of ‘green park carpet’ from Bastei to footbridge Ooijpoort.

The municipal campaign Groen Verbindt (2015-2020; development of policy plan De Groene Draad (2007) and of City Trees Handbook 2009) supports residents on the subjects of biodiversity, healthy and green city, quality of life and environmental and social cohesion. Apart from regular budgets for maintenance and design of green, the current city council (2014-2018) has the ambition of ‘green ribbons and 10,000 extra trees’: more ecology, less urbanisation. Especially for green of citizens, by the citizens. Extra budget 2015 €200,000; 2016 and subsequent years: €300,000/year. We are currently working on the formation of a plan for 10,000 extra trees (completion plan November 2015; Nijmegen currently has approx. 60,000 trees in public spaces).

The presence of five national nature monitoring organisations, with 120 employees and 20,000 volunteers, at Natuurplaza Radboud University Nijmegen, and with national conservation organisations situated in neighbouring community Berg en Dal, plus organisations involved in nature rehabilitation in the Millingerwaard, makes Nijmegen the main breeding ground of scientific thinking about nature, nature rehabilitation and conservation. From these organisations hundreds of local volunteers are being encouraged to pass on natural observations for the benefit of monitoring (www.waarneming.nl).

The aim of the Groen Verbindt campaign is the interchange between these professional organisations and ‘the city’, in two directions: Organisations have knowledge and want to valorise it. Nijmegen can be an urban lab for them. Local residents can collect big data, execute plans, ask questions, etc. In addition, with the campaign we want to make a direct connection between professionals and our municipal green and water management..

In 2015 our ‘Groen Verbindt’ request resulted in 50 resident proposals, and 49 proposals of 33 professional organisations. Specific species that were mentioned: swift, badger, bees, spiked rampion and climbers. Resident groups and organisations, especially Stichting Akkers van Doornik (international conference November 2015, with support of the city of Nijmegen), are developing ambitions for food forests (figure 15), a subject the city wants to make space for, such as in the Noviopark, which is still to be realised. The food forest subject is also central to the further development of Park Lingezegen (potential approx. 50 hectare).

Figure 15: Diagram Permaculture-Food forest

4D. References

4A Natura 2000 http://www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/natura2000/gebiedendatabase.aspx?subj=n2k&groep=6&id=n2k67 http://www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/natura2000/gebiedendatabase.aspx?subj=n2k&groep=6&id=n2k68

Main ecological structure/Gelderland Nature Network http://www.gelderland.nl/eCache/DEF/20/540.html

Municipal ecological network http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/milieuenafval/groen

Flora and Fauna of Nijmegen and Kleve 1880-2006 http://www.geldersepoort.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28:flora-van-nijmegen- en-kleef-1800-2006&catid=21&Itemid=42

Biodiversity strategy 2020 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/factsheets/biodiversity_2020/2020%20Biodiversity%20Fact sheet_NL.pdf

Invasive species: Controlling Japanese Knotweed: https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFj AAahUKEwiCktrL6pvIAhXLmBoKHe3BCSk&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nijmegen.nl%2Fwonen%2F milieuenafval%2Fgroen%2Fbeheer%2Fjapanse_duizendknoop&usg=AFQjCNGA0UqYC2wonWQQq v2z9x49xXAJ1g&bvm=bv.103627116,d.bGg

Green roofs and disconnecting: https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCEQF jAAahUKEwjo5MSM8JvIAhULfhoKHSejAn0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nijmegen.nl%2Fmmbase% 2Fattachments%2F1555506%2FC20140311o_3.17_ML00_Programmering_krediet_Gemeentelijk_Ri oleringsplan_GRP2010-2016_jaarschijf_2014.pdf&usg=AFQjCNH_Ix_5u75qke1A3WwvSzFc9XvBmg

Nijmegen genentech free http://www2.nijmegen.nl/mmbase/attachments/1365991/C20121009o_3.04Rbr_OK30_Burgerinitiatief _Nijmegen_gentechvrij.pdf

Handbook City Trees (2009) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/gemeenteraad/uw_raad/nieuws/_rp_center1_elementId/1_801868

Groen Verbindt (2015) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/mmbase/attachments/1627925/C20150127o_3.04Rbr_ML20_Groen_Verbin dt_groene_linten.pdf

Groene Allure City Centre (2007) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/nieuws/persberichten/_rp_center2_elementId/1_482769

Green approach plan Dukenburg (2010) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/mmbase/attachments/1013515/C20100928o_3.01Rbr_G610_Groenaanpakp lan_voor_Dukenburg.pdf

Green vision Lindenholt (2012) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/mmbase/attachments/1346194/C20120821o_3.07Rbr_ML10_Groenvisie_Lin denholt.pdf

Structural vision 2013 http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/visies_op_citysontwikkeling/structuurvisie

4B Ooijpolder: results ‘those who invest in landscape, will reap nature’ http://www.vianatura.nl/uitgelicht/295-resultaten-voorbeeldgebied-landschapsontwikkeling-ooijpolder- groesbeek-2007-2015

Heiderijk http://www.heiderijk.nl/page/408/heide:-gevarieerd-leefgebied.html

Heumensoord http://www.natuurmonumenten.nl/natuurgebieden/heumensoord

Park Lingezegen, among others, masterplan and User Board http://parklingezegen.nl/

Green Thread http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/milieuenafval/groen/groen_zelf_beheren

Participation map https://www.participatiekaart.nl/nijmegen/

Sheep grazing in Lindenholt (since 2007), near city centre, lateral moraine hill (as of 2015) and dykes Nijmegen-North (as of 2014) http://www2.nijmegen.nl/nieuws/persberichten/_rp_center2_elementId/1_441659 http://www.wijkcomiteoost.nl/wordpress/schapen-op-de-lateral moraine-2/ http://www2.nijmegen.nl/nieuws/persberichten/_rp_center2_elementId/1_1585419

School garden De Wielewaal https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFj AAahUKEwiF767bmZzIAhWJXRoKHSpqBzg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwielewaal.nijmeegse- schooltuinen.nl%2F&usg=AFQjCNEiJoYcLSfJ6oF4sta5ivakBt70ew&bvm=bv.103627116,d.bGg

Waalweelde https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFj AAahUKEwiwzrGnnJzIAhVG1hoKHV7dCl8&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waalweelde.nl%2F&usg=AF QjCNH0HZ8OP9Od0aPNKNks4x3U7BjKEw&bvm=bv.103627116,d.bGg

4C Structural vision 2013 http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/visies_op_stadsontwikkeling/structuurvisie

City vision 2020 http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/beleid/stadsvisie

City budget 2015-21018 http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/belastingen__financien/stadsbegroting_jaarstukken

Dyke realignment http://www.ruimtevoorderivier.nl/waar-doen-we-dit/projecten/gelderland/dijkteruglegging-lent/

De Waaijer http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/Waalsprong/groen_en_water/landschapszone

Park Lingezegen http://parklingezegen.nl/

D’Waalfilm http://www.dwaalfilm.eu/#

Groen Verbindt http://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0C CAQFjAAahUKEwjZiLvZ6pnIAhVFvRoKHSPTCgw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nijmegen.nl%2Fwon en%2Fmilieuenafval%2Fgroen%2Fgroen_verbindt&usg=AFQjCNHv2CHjDB50lJCSQ8bkMKNS0lo5Z w

Conservation organisations and monitoring biodiversity, among others: http://www.arknature.eu/ark-en/about-us http://www.dasenboom.nl/ http://www.natuurplaza.org/ http://waarneming.nl/

Peregrine in Saint Steven’s church http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o98LdEBAC64

Otter in Ooijpolder http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ-peYnN1Gw

Ketelwald http://www.ketelwald.de/nl/

GPR http://www.gprstedenbouw.nl/

Food forests and permaculture; Stichting Akkers van Doornik http://www.permacultuurnederland.org/wp/ www.doorniknatuurakkers.nl/

Food forests and Park Lingezegen http://parklingezegen.nl/events/workshop-voedselbossen-park-lingezegen-boomgaarden-als- voedselbos/