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La Patrouille Du Temps », L’Un Des Plus Populaires Dus À La Plume De Poul Anderson (1926-2001)

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La Patrouille Du Temps », L’Un Des Plus Populaires Dus À La Plume De Poul Anderson (1926-2001) Avant-propos Le livre que vous tenez entre les mains est un petit événement, car voici pour la première fois réunis en volume l’ensemble des récits formant le cycle de « La Patrouille du temps », l’un des plus populaires dus à la plume de Poul Anderson (1926-2001). Pré- cision importante : nous ne parlons ici que des récits traduits en langue française, car il en existe d’autres, ainsi que nous allons le voir. Mais d’abord, effectuons nous aussi une plongée dans le temps… C’est dans le numéro de mai 1955 du Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction que paraît « La Patrouille du temps », la première des nouvelles que vous allez découvrir ou redécouvrir ; moins d’un an plus tard, elle est traduite dans le n° 28 de Fiction, édi- tion française de F&SF, où son auteur est présenté en ces termes : « La carrière d’Anderson aux U.S.A. a été rapide et brillante. Comme beaucoup de ses confrères de SF, il est diplômé de physique. Né en 1926, il débuta en 1948, encore à l’université, pour se faire de l’argent de poche ! Devant des résultats prometteurs, il décida à la fin de ses études de consacrer, à titre d’essai, une année entière inté- gralement à l’écriture… Il n’a pas cessé depuis ! Ses nouvelles parais- sent régulièrement dans les meilleurs magazines du genre, dont bien entendu Fantasy and Science Fiction. Et ses romans sont mainte- nant au nombre de cinq : Vault of the Ages, Three Hearts and Three Lions, Brain Wave, The Broken Sword et No World of Their Own. Le premier et le dernier d’entre eux sont des aventures interstellaires. Brain Wave, le meilleur d’Anderson à ce jour, est un roman de SF sociologique basé sur un postulat étonnant : la dispa- rition du champ d’inhibition qui restreignait chez les humains et les vertébrés supérieurs l’activité des neurones, ce qui a pour résultat de doubler d’office leur quotient intellectuel ! Quant aux deux autres ouvrages, ils participent (chose inattendue) du merveilleux, de la fée- 12 - Poul Anderson rie et d’un fantastique épique. Anderson en fait n’a pas l’intention de se consacrer exclusivement à la SF ; il prépare aussi plusieurs romans purement romanesques, ainsi que des écrits historiques. Mais il adore le genre qui l’a consacré, et qu’il considère comme “une fascinante ligne de conduite, une chance de jouer avec les idées, d’étudier les travaux de l’homme et de montrer les conséquences de la théorie en action”. » Ce portrait — non signé mais vraisemblablement dû à la plume d’Alain Dorémieux — donne une vision assez juste du sta- tut de Poul Anderson à l’époque, bien qu’il comporte quelques erreurs de détail (1) et qu’il passe sous silence la prolixité de son sujet, dont on se fera une idée en consultant la bibliographie à la fin du présent volume. S’il est pauvre en informations purement biographiques, on ne peut le lui reprocher, Anderson s’étant mon- tré particulièrement avare de confidences durant toute sa carrière. C’est seulement en 2002, quand est paru son recueil posthume Going for Infinity, qu’il avait vraisemblablement composé alors qu’il se savait condamné, que l’on a pu découvrir certains détails sur sa vie et son expérience, encore qu’il se soit volontairement limité à ceux qui, selon lui, avaient eu une influence sur sa car- rière. Examinons-les de plus près, car ils sont susceptibles de nous éclairer sur le présent volume… Poul William Anderson est né le 25 novembre 1926 à Bristol, en Pennsylvanie. Son père, Anton William Anderson, était le fils d’un capitaine au long cours danois et d’une Américaine d’origine danoise, et, bien que né sur le sol américain, à Philadelphie, il avait été élevé au Danemark. À noter, pour la petite histoire, que son patronyme s’orthographiait à l’origine Andersen, mais qu’il n’avait aucun lien de parenté avec l’auteur de La Petite Sirène. En 1917, Anton Anderson regagne les États-Unis pour prendre part à la Première Guerre mondiale, et, à l’issue de sa démobilisation, il y exerce son (1) Les vrais débuts d’Anderson datent de 1947 et non de 1948, et Vault of the Ages relève du roman post-cataclysmique plutôt que de l’aventure interstellaire ; si ce roman reste inédit dans notre langue, trois des quatre autres ont été traduits et le dernier, The Broken Sword, est en passe de l’être aux éditions du Bélial’. La Patrouille du temps - 13 métier d’ingénieur. Peu de temps après, il renoue avec une amie d’enfance, Astrid Hertz, qu’il avait connue au Danemark ; appa- rentée aux poètes Henrik Hertz et Carsten Hauch, elle avait une formation de secrétaire médicale et travaillait à la légation danoise de Washington. Ils se marient en janvier 1926, et Poul naît dix mois plus tard et reçoit le prénom de son grand-père maternel. Anton Ander- son trouve alors un emploi dans la firme Texaco et toute la famille déménage à Port Arthur, dans le Texas. En 1930 naît un second fils, prénommé John. Les deux frères sont parfaitement bilingues, et ils effectuent en compagnie de leur mère plusieurs séjours au Danemark — à l’époque, de véritables expéditions. En 1937, Anton Anderson décède dans un accident de voi- ture. L’année suivante, Astrid regagne le Danemark avec ses deux fils — définitivement, pense-t-elle. Mais il est évident que l’Eu- rope va entrer en guerre, et elle préfère retourner sur le sol amé- ricain, retrouvant son emploi à Washington. Puis, sur les conseils de son frère Jakob (dit Jack), elle achète des terres agricoles dans l’État du Minnesota et s’y établit comme fermière. Des erreurs de gestion, des ouvriers agricoles incompétents, plus les difficul- tés consécutives à l’entrée en guerre des États-Unis, et, en 1944, elle est ruinée et doit revendre sa ferme, mais elle trouve un emploi de bibliothécaire au Carleton College de Northfield, dans le Minnesota, emploi qu’elle occupera jusqu’à l’heure de la retraite. Cette même année, Poul Anderson, qui a fini ses études secon- daires, entre à l’université du Minnesota et publie sa première nouvelle dans Astounding Science Fiction — une « short-short » humoristique dans la rubrique « Probability Zero », où bien des débutants font alors leurs premières armes. Il a découvert la science-fiction grâce à un ami d’enfance, F. N. (Neil) Waldrop, avec qui il est resté en contact par correspondance. L’enfance d’Anderson, on le devine, n’a pas été rose ; timide et plutôt ché- tif, il a eu quelques problèmes de santé, dont une mauvaise otite qui l’a laissé dur d’oreille — ce qui lui vaudra d’être réformé. Il se décrit lui-même comme un rat de bibliothèque. C’est en 1947, alors qu’il poursuit ses études universitaires, qu’il entre dans la Minneapolis Fantasy Society, un club d’écrivains dont le membre le plus illustre n’est autre que Clifford D. Simak, un 14 - Poul Anderson des géants de la science-fiction, qui lui donnera parfois de précieux conseils ; Anderson y sera rejoint par un jeune auteur canadien, Gordon R. Dickson, qui deviendra son ami et collaborateur. Cette même année 1947 paraît sa première « vraie » nouvelle, « Tomorrow’s Children », cosignée par F. N. Waldrop (les deux amis en ont développé ensemble les idées saillantes, mais elle est de la plume du seul Anderson). Elle sera suivie de beaucoup d’autres. Alors même qu’il se lance dans la carrière d’écrivain, ayant compris qu’il n’a pas l’étoffe d’un physicien, notre homme semble pris de bougeotte. En 1951, il passe quelques mois en Europe, se déplaçant à bicyclette et logeant dans des auberges de jeunesse. Il y retourne deux ans plus tard, mais auparavant, alors qu’il assis- tait à la Convention mondiale de Chicago en 1952, il a fait la connaissance d’une jeune fan, Karen Kruse. Ils se retrouvent à son retour du Vieux Continent, se plaisent et décident de se marier et de s’établir près de San Francisco. Leur fille Astrid naît en 1954. À noter, pour la petite histoire, que les Anderson deviennent à cette époque des piliers du fandom de SF, ce qui inspirera à Phi- lip K. Dick une nouvelle récursive particulièrement savoureuse, où l’on voit des hommes venus du futur débarquer à la Conven- tion mondiale de San Francisco, en 1955, et enlever Poul Ander- son afin qu’il leur communique « la formule de restauration de la masse » (2) ! Tous deux Californiens, Dick et Anderson se fré- quentaient durant cette période, et ils ont même envisagé d’écrire en collaboration (3). Anderson voyageur temporel malgré lui ? L’idée est sédui- sante… En examinant de près les premières entrées de la bibliographie de Poul Anderson, on voit qu’il se partage à cette époque entre deux tendances : le récit de SF « pure », fondé sur des spécula- tions scientifiques et sociologiques, le plus souvent destiné à l’As- tounding de John W. Campbell, Jr., et le space opera échevelé, (2) « Projet Argyronète » (« Waterspider », Worlds of If, janvier 1964), in Philip K. Dick, Nouvelles (1953-1963), Denoël, 1997. (3) Cf. Lawrence Sutin, Invasions divines, Denoël, 1995 (pp. 139-140). La Patrouille du temps - 15 réservé à Planet Stories, qui jette alors ses derniers feux. C’est dans Astounding qu’il entame son premier grand cycle informel, celui de la « Ligue psychotechnique », avec des textes comme «Un- Man » et « The Big Rain », et qu’il publie « Sam Hall », sans doute la meilleure de ses nouvelles de l’époque ; et c’est dans les pages de Planet Stories que Dominic Flandry, l’agent de l’Empire ter- rien, fait son apparition dès 1951.
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