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TITANIUM and Cu-Ni Properties & Characteristics

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TITANIUM and Cu-Ni Properties & Characteristics Titanium’s Comparative Advantages Regis Baldauff Market Director, T.I. Industrial 9855 – 1 Mining Drive Jacksonville, FL 32257 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Titanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni PROPERTY KSI MPa KSI MPa KSI MPa Tensile Strength (min) 50 345 40 275 52 360 Yield Strength (min) 40 275 15 105 18 125 Yield Strength (max) 65 450 --- --- Elongation 20% 30% 15% Performance metal solutions. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY Titanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni Elastic Modulus ( 106 psi ) 16 18 22 Thermal Expansion Coeff. 4.8 9.5 9 ( Micro in/in 0F) Thermal Conductivity 150 348 204 0 ( BTU/hr-ft2 F/in) Density ( lbs/in3 ) 0.163 0.323 0.323 Hardness (HRB) 85 65 70 Thermal Expansion Coefficient for HY 80 Steel = approx. 6.0 Micro in/in 0F (less stress with titanium to steel connections) CORROSION RESISTANCE Cu-Ni Titanium • General R / S R / I • Crevice S R / I < 200 0F • Pitting S I • SCC S I • Fatigue S R • Galvanic S I • MIC (Microbes) S I • Erosion S R • Weld (HAZ) S R / I S = Susceptible R = Resistant I = Immune Performance metal solutions. CONCERNS – Cu-Ni Erosion Toxicity Chlorination Used for Cleaning Reduced Water Flow - Limited to Weight Cu-Ni Systems is Toxic, Forming 6–12 ft/sec Doubles (& More) for Pipe Cupric Chloride - Poisoning Port (Larger Size Pipe & Fittings for Waters (Limits the Ship’s Days in & Fittings’ Systems Cooling Water Volume) U.S. Ports & EPA Restrictions) Life-Cycle Cost Service Failures Fire Cu-Ni Requires System De-Salination Units in Mid Lower Melting Point – Replacements (Tear Down & & Far-East (High 2065 0F – 2200 0F Replacement Labor & Maintenance or Fail / Material Costs) Corrode After Few Years) Performance metal solutions. SOLUTIONS - Titanium Non-Toxic Reduced Weight Highly Resistant to Erosion I– Chlorination Has No Effect on 57% to 72% Using Reduced Water Velocity~20-100 ft/sec Titanium. No Metal Carryover. Pipe Size. Both OD & Wall Allows Reduced Pipe Sizes & Immune to Chlorides. High Velocity Factor In Weights. 50% From Reduces Weight Water Flow – Option (w/o any Density Alone (0.163 lbs/in3 vs. Erosion) 0.323 lbs/in3) Marine/Navy Titanium Tubes High Melting Point Lasts the Life of The Ship & More. Replace Cu-Ni in De-Salination 1660 0C (3020 0F) Remove, Clean and Re-Use in Units Another Pipe System Performance metal solutions. CORROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Immune to: Seawater/Brackish & Polluted Waters Immune to: MIC (Microbiologically Induced/Influenced Corrosion) Fully Resistant: Crevice Corrosion< 80 0C (175 0F) SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) Pitting Cavitation 50 Years of Trouble-Free Seawater Service in Chemical, Oil Refining & De-Salination Systems Titanium Replaced Cu-Ni in Off-Shore Firemain & Service Water Piping Systems Performance metal solutions. EROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Tenacious Stable (ceramic-like) Oxide Film Instantaneous Re-Healing Superior Resistance to: Abrasion Impingement Attack Erosion Erosion – Corrosion Turbulence Cavitation High Fluid Velocities: Seawater: 90 - 120 ft/sec Sand-Laden Seawater: 15 - 20+ ft/sec [ Cu-Ni – Seawater Velocity approx. 6 to 12 ft/sec ] Performance metal solutions. Ti Sch 10 - vs. - Cu-Ni Class 200 Weight of Pipe Lbs / Ft 50.0 Ti Sch 10 40.0 30.0 Cu‐Ni Class 200 20.0 10.0 0.0 5" Sch 10 6" Sch 10 8" Sch 10 10" Sch 10 12" Sch 10 14" Sch 10 Pipe Size Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM REDUCED PIPE SIZES - PIPE WEIGHTS Ti Sch 10, Cu-Ni Class 200 PT 4000 Lbs. Per 100 ft. of Pipe 3805 3500 Ti Sch 10 3000 Cu‐Ni Class 200 2500 2405 2000 1528 1500 1058 1073 1000 771 583 534 391 323 500 152 249 0 2"Ti 3"Cu‐ 3"Ti 4"Cu‐ 4"Ti 6"Cu‐ 6"Ti 8"Cu‐ 8"Ti 10"Cu‐ 10"Ti Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni 12"Cu‐Ni Performance metal solutions. WEIGHT COMPARISON - TITANIUM VS. COPPER - NICKEL BASIS : TITANIUM [SCH 10] vs. CU-NI [CLASS 200] Ti Cu-Ni PIPE Pipe OD WALL Pipe WALL WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT Ti Actual Nominal Cu-Ni Nominal Gr. 2 Ti Cu-Ni REDUCTION in in in lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft % 2" Sch 10 2.375 0.109 2" Class 200 0.083 152 229 77 34 3" Sch 10 3.500 0.120 3" Class 200 0.095 249 391 142 36 4" Sch 10 4.500 0.120 4" class 200 0.109 323 583 260 45 6" Sch 10 6.625 0.134 6" Class 200 0.134 534 1,058 524 50 8" Sch 10 8.625 0.148 8" Class 200 0.148 771 1,528 757 50 10" Sch 10 10.750 0.165 10" Class 200 0.187 1,073 2,405 1,332 55 12" Sch 10 12.750 0.180 12" Class 200 0.250 1,390 3,805 2,415 63 Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM WEIGHT SAVINGS Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Weight Saved . 2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 61% . 3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 57% . 4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 69% . 6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 65% . 8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 68% . 10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 72% Performance metal solutions. SHOCK RESISTANCE - Sy/√Eρ/386 Sy Yield Stress psi (actual) (used 50,000 psi) √ Square Root E Modulus of Elasticity 14.9 x 106 psi ρ Density .163 lbs/in3 386 Constant 1/Sec2 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ti Grade 9 [3 – 2.5] 0.95 Ti Grade 2 0.63 Inconel 625™ 0.55 Monel 400 0.24 316 Stainless Steel 0.21 70-30 Cu-Ni 0.15 Performance metal solutions. SHOCK RESISTANCE [103 in/sec] 1 0.9 0.8 Ti Gr. 2 0.7 90/10 Cu-Ni 0.6 70/30 Cu-Ni 0.5 316 SS 0.4 Monel 400 0.3 Inconel 625 0.2 Ti Gr. 9 0.1 0 Ti Gr2 90/10 70/30 316 SS 400 625 Ti Gr9 Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM VOLUME SAVINGS Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Volume Saved . 2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 54% . 3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 40% . 4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 54% . 6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 41% . 8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 36% . 10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 29% Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM ADVANTAGES . Higher Mechanical Strength . Light Weight (Low Density) [Wgt. = 1/2 of Cu-Ni] . Thermal Expansion - Close to Steel [= Lower Stress at Connections] . High Shock Resistance - Over 4X Cu-Ni . Very High Erosion Resistance - High Hardness with a Ceramic-Like Stable Surface Oxide . Greater Water Flow Volume & Higher Velocities to 20X Cu-Ni . Compatible with Composites Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM ADVANTAGES Cont’d. • Fire Resistant -Ti Melting Point @ 1660 0C (3020 0F) 90-10 Cu-Ni = 1130 0C (2065 0F) 70-30 Cu-Ni = 1205 0C (2200 0F) • Corrosion Immunity – All Seawaters; MIC & Stagnant Waters; Wet Chlorine & No Pitting • Volume Compartment/Space Savings by Reducing Pipe OD Sizes = 29% to 54% • Life Cycle Cost Savings • Environmentally Friendly – No EPA Issues Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE Firemain Systems Pipe, Flanges, Fittings, Pumps & Hydrants - On Board Ship & Off-Shore Oil Rigs De-Salination: Piping for Reverse Osmosis & Multi Stage Flash Units Input Service Water Piping: Plant Heat Exchangers Condenser & Heat Exchanger Tubing: System Seawater Cooling - Nuclear & Fossil Utility Plants & Ships for Steam, Distillation, Refrigeration, A/C, Heaters & Coolers (Shell & Tube and Plate & Frame) Valves: Butterfly, Globe, Ball Sprinkler Systems & Nozzles Performance metal solutions. TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE cont.. Refineries: Condensing Salt Water from Crude . Navy Shipboard* & Off-Shore Rigs: Emergency Stop Switch Boxes (Weather Deck) Light Boxes (Weather Deck) HVAC – Air Vent Ducting (Under Insulation) H.E. Coolers – Lube Oil / Engine Jacket / Quench Water / Natural Gas / Seawater & Fresh Water Tanks *On CG 47 (Cruiser); DDG 51(Destroyer); LHA-2; LPD-17, 18, 19, 20, 21; CVN (Carriers) & Subs Performance metal solutions. Conclusion . Titanium Advantages . Immune to Seawater . Maintenance Reduction . Increased Water Velocities . Weight Savings . Decreased Structural and Hanger Demand . Space Savings . Life Cycle Cost Savings . Compatible with Composites . High Scrap Value Upon Equipment/Plant Decommissioning Performance metal solutions. titanium.com Thank You Regis Baldauff Market Director, T.I. Industrial 9855 – 1 Mining Drive Jacksonville, FL 32257.
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  • Titanium Mineral Concentrates1

    Titanium Mineral Concentrates1

    TITANIUM MINERAL CONCENTRATES1 (Data in thousand metric tons of TiO2 content unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2020, one company was recovering ilmenite and rutile concentrates from its surface-mining operations near Nahunta, GA, and Starke, FL. A second company processed existing mineral sands mine tailings in Florida and South Carolina. Based on reported data through October 2020, the estimated value of titanium mineral and synthetic concentrates imported into the United States was $520 million. Abrasive sands, monazite, and zircon were coproducts of domestic mining operations. About 90% of titanium mineral concentrates were consumed by domestic titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment producers. The remaining 10% was used in welding-rod coatings and for manufacturing carbides, chemicals, and titanium metal. Salient Statistics—United States: 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e Production2 100 100 100 100 100 Imports for consumption 1,020 1,170 1,100 1,160 780 Exports, all formse 5 6 32 8 19 Consumption, apparent3 1,100 1,300 1,200 1,300 900 Price, dollars per metric ton: 4 Rutile, bulk, minimum 95% TiO2, f.o.b. Australia 740 740 1,025 1,125 1,200 4 Ilmenite, bulk, minimum 54% TiO2, f.o.b. Australia 105 173 NA NA NA Ilmenite, import 142 172 219 186 210 5 Slag, 80%–95% TiO2 612–682 621–700 699–738 742–897 640–1,020 Employment, mine and mill, number 155 286 299 310 260 Net import reliance6 as a percentage of apparent consumption 91 92 91 92 88 Recycling: None. Import Sources (2016–19): South Africa, 39%; Australia, 20%; Madagascar, 10%; Mozambique, 9%; and other, 22%.