Case Definitions for Communicable Morbidities

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Case Definitions for Communicable Morbidities Case Definitions for Communicable Morbidities 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Definition of Terms Used in Case Classification ................................................................................................ 7 Definition of an Epidemiologic Investigation ....................................................................................................... 7 Definition of Binational Case ................................................................................................................................. 8 Case Definitions for Communicable Morbidities Reportable in Arizona ......................................................... 9 ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS (AFM) .................................................................................................................... 10 AMEBIASIS ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 ANAPLASMOSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 14 ANTHRAX (Bacillus anthracis) ............................................................................................................................ 17 ARBOVIRAL INFECTION .................................................................................................................................... 20 BABESIOSIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 BASIDIOBOLOMYCOSIS.................................................................................................................................... 29 BOTULISM .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Botulism, Foodborne ....................................................................................................................................... 30 Botulism, Wound ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Botulism, Other ................................................................................................................................................ 31 BOTULISM, INFANT ........................................................................................................................................... 33 BRUCELLOSIS .................................................................................................................................................... 35 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS ................................................................................................................................... 37 CANDIDA AURIS ................................................................................................................................................. 39 CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (CRE) ....................................................................... 42 CHAGAS DISEASE AND RELATED DISEASE (American trypanosomiasis) .................................................... 48 CHANCROID (Haemophilus ducreyi) .................................................................................................................. 51 CHIKUNGUNYA .................................................................................................................................................. 53 CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION ........................................................................................................ 54 CHOLERA ........................................................................................................................................................... 56 COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS (Valley fever) ............................................................................................................. 58 COLORADO TICK FEVER .................................................................................................................................. 60 CONJUNCTIVITIS, ACUTE ................................................................................................................................. 61 CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE ..................................................................................................................... 63 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS (Cryptosporidium parvum) ........................................................................................... 66 CYCLOSPORIASIS ............................................................................................................................................. 68 CYSTICERCOSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 69 DENGUE (Dengue, Severe dengue, Dengue-like illness) .................................................................................. 71 DIARRHEA, NAUSEA, OR VOMITING ............................................................................................................... 75 DIPHTHERIA ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 EHRLICHIOSIS ................................................................................................................................................... 79 EMERGING OR EXOTIC DISEASE .................................................................................................................... 82 ENCEPHALITIS, PARASITIC .............................................................................................................................. 84 ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL ...................................................................................................................................... 86 ESCHERICHIA COLI, SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING .......................................................................................... 89 FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK ................................................................................................................ 93 ADHS Communicable Disease Case Definitions Go to Table of Contents 2018 2 GIARDIASIS ........................................................................................................................................................ 95 GLANDERS (Burkholderia mallei) ....................................................................................................................... 97 GONORRHEA ..................................................................................................................................................... 98 GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS (GAE), Acanthamoeba Disease excluding keratitis .............. 100 GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS (GAE), Balamuthia mandrillaris Disease ............................... 102 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, INVASIVE DISEASE ...................................................................................... 104 HANSEN’S DISEASE (Leprosy) ........................................................................................................................ 106 HANTAVIRUS INFECTION ............................................................................................................................... 108 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) ....................................................................................................... 108 Hantavirus infection, non-Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (non-HPS) ....................................................... 108 HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME ................................................................................................................. 111 HEPATITIS A ..................................................................................................................................................... 113 HEPATITIS B, ACUTE ....................................................................................................................................... 115 HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC .................................................................................................................................. 117 HEPATITIS B, PERINATAL ............................................................................................................................... 119 HEPATITIS C, ACUTE ...................................................................................................................................... 121 HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC .................................................................................................................................. 123 HEPATITIS C, PERINATAL............................................................................................................................... 125 HEPATITIS D ..................................................................................................................................................... 127 HEPATITIS E ..................................................................................................................................................... 129 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION
Recommended publications
  • Reporting of Diseases and Conditions Regulation, Amendment, M.R. 289/2014
    THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT LOI SUR LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE (C.C.S.M. c. P210) (c. P210 de la C.P.L.M.) Reporting of Diseases and Conditions Règlement modifiant le Règlement sur la Regulation, amendment déclaration de maladies et d'affections Regulation 289/2014 Règlement 289/2014 Registered December 23, 2014 Date d'enregistrement : le 23 décembre 2014 Manitoba Regulation 37/2009 amended Modification du R.M. 37/2009 1 The Reporting of Diseases and 1 Le présent règlement modifie le Conditions Regulation , Manitoba Règlement sur la déclaration de maladies et Regulation 37/2009, is amended by this d'affections , R.M. 37/2009. regulation. 2 Schedules A and B are replaced with 2 Les annexes A et B sont remplacées Schedules A and B to this regulation. par les annexes A et B du présent règlement. Coming into force Entrée en vigueur 3 This regulation comes into force on 3 Le présent règlement entre en vigueur January 1, 2015, or on the day it is registered le 1 er janvier 2015 ou à la date de son under The Statutes and Regulations Act , enregistrement en vertu de Loi sur les textes whichever is later. législatifs et réglementaires , si cette date est postérieure. December 19, 2014 Minister of Health/La ministre de la Santé, 19 décembre 2014 Sharon Blady 1 SCHEDULE A (Section 1) 1 The following diseases are diseases requiring contact notification in accordance with the disease-specific protocol. Common name Scientific or technical name of disease or its infectious agent Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis (including Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars) Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Syphilis Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium canetti Mycobacterium caprae Mycobacterium microti Mycobacterium pinnipedii Mycobacterium bovis (excluding M.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocular Leishmaniasis Presenting As Chronic
    perim Ex en l & ta a l ic O p in l h t C h f Journal of Clinical & Experimental a o l m l a o n l r o g u Ayele et al., J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015, 6:1 y o J Ophthalmology ISSN: 2155-9570 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9570.1000395 Case Report Open Access Ocular Leishmaniasis Presenting as Chronic Ulcerative Blepharoconjunctivitis: A Case Report Fisseha Admassu Ayele*, Yared Assefa Wolde, Tesfalem Hagos and Ermias Diro University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Fisseha Admassu Ayele MD, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara 196, Ethiopia, Tel: 251911197786; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Dec 01, 2014, Accepted date: Feb 02, 2015, Published date: Feb 05, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ayele FH, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Leishmaniasis is caused by unicellular eukaryotic obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania that is endemic in over 98 countries in the world-most of which are developing countries including Ethiopia. It is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. The eye may be affected in cutaneous, mucocutaneous and Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. We report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid and conjunctival involvement that had simulated ulcerative blepharoconjunctivitis not responding to conventional antibiotics. The patient was diagnosed by microscopy of a sample obtained via direct smear from the lesions. He was treated with systemic sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day) for 45 days and was clinically cured with this treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • (Tea Tree) Oil and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Against Trophozoites and Cysts of Acanthamoeba Strains
    pathogens Article In Vitro Evaluation of the Combination of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) against Trophozoites and Cysts of Acanthamoeba Strains. Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) Assay as a Method for Drug Screening Tania Martín-Pérez *, Irene Heredero-Bermejo , Cristina Verdú-Expósito and Jorge Pérez-Serrano Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (I.H.-B.); [email protected] (C.V.-E.); [email protected] (J.P.-S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Ameobae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are responsible for the human diseases Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The treatment of these illnesses is hampered by the existence of a resistance stage (cysts). In an attempt to add new agents that are effective against trophozoites and cysts, tea tree oil (TTO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), separately and in combination, were tested In Vitro against two Acanthamoeba isolates, Citation: Martín-Pérez, T.; T3 and T4 genotypes. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) assay was used as a drug screening Heredero-Bermejo, I.; Verdú-Expósito, method, which is to some extent useful in amoebicide drug screening; however, evaluation of lethal C.; Pérez-Serrano, J. In Vitro effects may be misleading when testing products that promote encystment. Trophozoite viability Evaluation of the Combination of analysis showed that the effectiveness of the combination of both compounds is higher than when Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil either compound is used alone. Therefore, the TTO alone or TTO + DMSO in combination were and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) against Trophozoites and Cysts of an amoebicide, but most of the amoebicidal activity in the combination’s treatments seemed to be Acanthamoeba Strains.
    [Show full text]
  • Q Fever in Small Ruminants and Its Public Health Importance
    Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 2573-2196 Review Article Dairy and Vet Sci J Volume 9 Issue 1 - January 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Tolera Tagesu Tucho DOI: 10.19080/JDVS.2019.09.555752 Q Fever in Small Ruminants and its Public Health Importance Tolera Tagesu* School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia Submission: December 01, 2018; Published: January 11, 2019 *Corresponding author: Tolera Tagesu Tucho, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma Oromia, Ethiopia Abstract Query fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii, it’s a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease where domestic small ruminants are the main reservoirs for human infections. Coxiella burnetii, is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, adapted to thrive within the phagolysosome of the phagocyte. Humans become infected primarily by inhaling aerosols that are contaminated with C. burnetii. Ingestion (particularly drinking raw milk) and person-to-person transmission are minor routes. Animals shed the bacterium in urine and feces, and in very high concentrations in birth by-products. The bacterium persists in the environment in a resistant spore-like form which may become airborne and transported long distances by the wind. It is considered primarily as occupational disease of workers in close contact with farm animals or processing their be commenced immediately whenever Q fever is suspected. To prevent both the introduction and spread of Q fever infection, preventive measures shouldproducts, be however,implemented it may including occur also immunization in persons without with currently direct contact. available Doxycycline vaccines drugof domestic is the first small line ruminant of treatment animals for Q and fever.
    [Show full text]
  • Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Weekly March 20, 2009 / Vol
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report www.cdc.gov/mmwr Weekly March 20, 2009 / Vol. 58 / No. 10 Trends in Tuberculosis — World TB Day — March 24, 2009 United States, 2008 World TB Day is observed each year on March 24 to commemorate the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch In 2008, a total of 12,898 incident tuberculosis (TB) cases announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the were reported in the United States; the TB rate declined 3.8% bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). Worldwide, TB from 2007 to 4.2 cases per 100,000 population, the lowest remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious rate recorded since national reporting began in 1953. This disease. An estimated 2 billion persons are infected with report summarizes provisional 2008 data from the National M. tuberculosis (1). In 2006, approximately 9.2 million TB Surveillance System and describes trends since 1993. persons became ill from TB, and 1.7 million died from Despite this overall improvement, progress has slowed in the disease (1). World TB Day provides an opportunity recent years; the average annual percentage decline in the TB for TB programs, nongovernmental organizations, and rate decreased from 7.3% per year during 1993–2000 to 3.8% other partners to describe problems and solutions related during 2000–2008.* Foreign-born persons and racial/ethnic to the TB pandemic and to support worldwide TB minorities continued to bear a disproportionate burden of TB control efforts. The U.S. theme for this year’s observance disease in the United States. In 2008, the TB rate in foreign- is Partnerships for TB Elimination.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Code Descriptions (ICD9)
    INFECTIONS AND PARASITIC DISEASES INTESTINAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (001 – 009.3) 001 CHOLERA 001.0 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE 001.1 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR 001.9 UNSPECIFIED 002 TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVERS 002.0 TYPHOID FEVER 002.1 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'A' 002.2 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'B' 002.3 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'C' 002.9 PARATYPHOID FEVER, UNSPECIFIED 003 OTHER SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.0 SALMONELLA GASTROENTERITIS 003.1 SALMONELLA SEPTICAEMIA 003.2 LOCALIZED SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.8 OTHER 003.9 UNSPECIFIED 004 SHIGELLOSIS 004.0 SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE 004.1 SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 004.2 SHIGELLA BOYDII 004.3 SHIGELLA SONNEI 004.8 OTHER 004.9 UNSPECIFIED 005 OTHER FOOD POISONING (BACTERIAL) 005.0 STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING 005.1 BOTULISM 005.2 FOOD POISONING DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (CL.WELCHII) 005.3 FOOD POISONING DUE TO OTHER CLOSTRIDIA 005.4 FOOD POISONING DUE TO VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 005.8 OTHER BACTERIAL FOOD POISONING 005.9 FOOD POISONING, UNSPECIFIED 006 AMOEBIASIS 006.0 ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.1 CHRONIC INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.2 AMOEBIC NONDYSENTERIC COLITIS 006.3 AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS 006.4 AMOEBIC LUNG ABSCESS 006.5 AMOEBIC BRAIN ABSCESS 006.6 AMOEBIC SKIN ULCERATION 006.8 AMOEBIC INFECTION OF OTHER SITES 006.9 AMOEBIASIS, UNSPECIFIED 007 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.0 BALANTIDIASIS 007.1 GIARDIASIS 007.2 COCCIDIOSIS 007.3 INTESTINAL TRICHOMONIASIS 007.8 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.9 UNSPECIFIED 008 INTESTINAL INFECTIONS DUE TO OTHER ORGANISMS
    [Show full text]
  • A Rare Case of Tabes Dorsalis
    Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health ISSN 2474-7602 Case Report J Gynecol Women’s Health Volume 17 Issue 2- November 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Tobe S Momah DOI: 10.19080/JGWH.2019.17.555960 A Rare Case of Tabes Dorsalis Tobe S Momah*, Bhavsar Parth, Jones Shawntiah, Berry Kelsey and Duff David Department of Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA Submission: November 05, 2019; Published: November 12, 2019 *Corresponding author: Tobe S Momah, Department of Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA Background Tabes Dorsalis has become a rare clinical presentation in cases of neuro syphilis since the advent of antibiotics. The recent surge in syphilis cases [1], however, has once again raised interest in the diagnosis and treatment of this rare clinical entity. In this case report, a case of tabes dorsalis in an 82 year African American female is presented. She, also, had right peroneal nerve mono neuropathy that challenged the clinical diagnosis of tabes dorsalis and complicated its management. Keywords: Emergency room; Patient’s laboratory; Arterial duplex; Neurology; Magnetic Resonance; Cerebro Spinal; Serology returned; Physical therapy; Tabes dorsalis Abbreviatations: ER: Emergency Room; CT: Computerized Tomography; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CSF: Cerebro Spinal Fluid; RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin; EMG: Electromyography; PT: Physical Therapy Case Report ness of breath, chest pain or loss of consciousness. Patient’s lab- oratory values were significant for low copper (743mcg/l) and thrombocytopeniaPatient was assessed (64,000k/UL). in ER and determined to have impaired sensation in right lower extremity with inability to move the right leg in any direction.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Case Definitions Infectious Disease
    Arizona Department of Health Services Case Definitions for Reportable Communicable Morbidities 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of Terms Used in Case Classification .......................................................................................................... 6 Definition of Bi-national Case ............................................................................................................................................. 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ............................................... 7 AMEBIASIS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ANTHRAX (β) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 ASEPTIC MENINGITIS (viral) ......................................................................................................................................... 11 BASIDIOBOLOMYCOSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 12 BOTULISM, FOODBORNE (β) ....................................................................................................................................... 13 BOTULISM, INFANT (β) ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Are Tick-Borne Diseases Caused by Obligate Anaplasmosis: Intracellular Bacteria in the Genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
    Ehrlichiosis and Importance Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases caused by obligate Anaplasmosis: intracellular bacteria in the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These organisms are widespread in nature; the reservoir hosts include numerous wild animals, as well as Zoonotic Species some domesticated species. For many years, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species have been known to cause illness in pets and livestock. The consequences of exposure vary Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, from asymptomatic infections to severe, potentially fatal illness. Some organisms Canine Hemorrhagic Fever, have also been recognized as human pathogens since the 1980s and 1990s. Tropical Canine Pancytopenia, Etiology Tracker Dog Disease, Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are caused by members of the genera Ehrlichia Canine Tick Typhus, and Anaplasma, respectively. Both genera contain small, pleomorphic, Gram negative, Nairobi Bleeding Disorder, obligate intracellular organisms, and belong to the family Anaplasmataceae, order Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Rickettsiales. They are classified as α-proteobacteria. A number of Ehrlichia and Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Anaplasma species affect animals. A limited number of these organisms have also Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, been identified in people. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Recent changes in taxonomy can make the nomenclature of the Anaplasmataceae Tick-borne Fever, and their diseases somewhat confusing. At one time, ehrlichiosis was a group of Pasture Fever, diseases caused by organisms that mostly replicated in membrane-bound cytoplasmic Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, vacuoles of leukocytes, and belonged to the genus Ehrlichia, tribe Ehrlichieae and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, family Rickettsiaceae. The names of the diseases were often based on the host Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, species, together with type of leukocyte most often infected.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioterrorism Diseases Annex Infectious Disease Emergency Response (IDER) Plan
    Bioterrorism Diseases Annex Infectious Disease Emergency Response (IDER) Plan Contents I Background IV Activation & Notification II Response Organization V Operational Guidance III Purpose & Objectives VI Resources I. BACKGROUND A bioterrorism event is defined for the purposes of this annex as the deliberate introduction of pathogenic microorganisms or their products (bacteria, viruses, fungi or toxins) into a community. Potential bioterrorism agents are categorized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by category. Category A agents (highest priority) include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person-to-person; result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact; might cause public panic and social disruption; and require special action for public health preparedness. These include: • Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) • Smallpox (variola major) • Botulism (Clostridium botulinum • Tularemia (Franciscella tularensis) toxin) • Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (filoviruses, • Plague (Yersinia pestis) arenaviruses) Of second highest priority are category B agents which are organisms that are moderately easy to disseminate; that result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates; and that require enhanced diagnostic capacity and disease surveillance. • Brucellosis (Brucella species)* • Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens • Food safety threats (Salmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella) • Glanders (Burkholderia
    [Show full text]
  • Reportable Disease Surveillance in Virginia, 2013
    Reportable Disease Surveillance in Virginia, 2013 Marissa J. Levine, MD, MPH State Health Commissioner Report Production Team: Division of Surveillance and Investigation, Division of Disease Prevention, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, and Division of Immunization Virginia Department of Health Post Office Box 2448 Richmond, Virginia 23218 www.vdh.virginia.gov ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In addition to the employees of the work units listed below, the Office of Epidemiology would like to acknowledge the contributions of all those engaged in disease surveillance and control activities across the state throughout the year. We appreciate the commitment to public health of all epidemiology staff in local and district health departments and the Regional and Central Offices, as well as the conscientious work of nurses, environmental health specialists, infection preventionists, physicians, laboratory staff, and administrators. These persons report or manage disease surveillance data on an ongoing basis and diligently strive to control morbidity in Virginia. This report would not be possible without the efforts of all those who collect and follow up on morbidity reports. Divisions in the Virginia Department of Health Office of Epidemiology Disease Prevention Telephone: 804-864-7964 Environmental Epidemiology Telephone: 804-864-8182 Immunization Telephone: 804-864-8055 Surveillance and Investigation Telephone: 804-864-8141 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Health Advisory: Typhoid Fever in Ramsey County
    Health Advisory: Typhoid Fever in Ramsey County Minnesota Department of Health Tue Jun 18 13:00 CDT 2019 Action Steps Local and tribal health departments: Please forward to hospitals, clinics, emergency departments, urgent care centers, and convenience clinics in St. Paul-Ramsey county only. Hospitals and clinics: Please distribute to urgent care and primary care providers, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, gastroenterologists, emergency medicine providers. Health care providers: • Consider enteric fever (e.g., typhoid fever) among patients presenting with unexplained fevers, especially persistent fevers lasting >3 days or fevers in combination with gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, constipation, or diarrhea) even in the absence of recent travel to an endemic area of the world. • Obtain blood cultures if enteric fever is suspected and consider cultures of other specimens. • Report cases of probable or confirmed enteric fever within 24 hours to MDH at 651-201-5414 or 1-877-676-5414 and call MDH for questions about testing for enteric fever. You can contact Dave Boxrud (651-201-5257, [email protected]) or [email protected] for testing questions Background On June 17, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) identified an outbreak of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in Ramsey County. Two patients have culture-confirmed infections and a third patient had symptoms compatible with enteric fever. Consumption of foods served at a local event is a suspected source of this outbreak. The patients’ ages range from 14 to 18 years and illness onset dates range from May 30 to June 1. Enteric fever is a bacteremic illness caused by ingestion of Salmonella Typhi (typhoid fever) or Salmonella serotype Paratyphi (paratyphoid fever) and is transmitted through a fecal-oral route.
    [Show full text]