Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines from Biosafe Surrogates Prevent Acute Lethal Glanders in Mice
vaccines Article Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines from Biosafe Surrogates Prevent Acute Lethal Glanders in Mice Michael H. Norris 1,2 ID , Mohammad S. R. Khan 1,2, Sunisa Chirakul 1,2, Herbert P. Schweizer 2,3 and Apichai Tuanyok 1,2,* 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; mhnorris@ufl.edu; (M.H.N.); siddiqur.r.khan@ufl.edu (M.S.R.K.); schirakul@ufl.edu (S.C.) 2 Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; hschweizer@ufl.edu 3 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA * Correspondence: tuanyok@ufl.edu; Tel.: +1-352-294-8269 Received: 26 November 2017; Accepted: 6 January 2018; Published: 10 January 2018 Abstract: Burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted Gram-negative mammalian pathogen that causes the severe disease glanders. Glanders can manifest as a rapid acute progression or a chronic debilitating syndrome primarily affecting solipeds and humans in close association with infected animals. In USA, B. mallei is classified as one of the most important bacterial biothreat agents. Presently, there is no licensed glanders vaccine available for humans or animals. In this work, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were isolated from three attenuated biosafe bacterial strains, Burkholderia pseudomallei Bp82, B. thailandensis E555, and B. thailandensis TxDOH and used to vaccinate mice. B. thailandensis OMVs induced significantly higher antibody responses that were investigated. B. mallei specific serum antibody responses were of higher magnitude in mice vaccinated with B. thailandensis OMVs compared to levels in mice vaccinated with B.
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