Obra Seminal De Anne G. Tyng 1951-1953, Y Louis I. Kahn

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Obra Seminal De Anne G. Tyng 1951-1953, Y Louis I. Kahn Obra seminal de Anne Griswold Tyng (1951-1953) y su relación con Louis Isadore Kahn. La búsqueda por integrar espacio y estructura a partir de la geometría de la materia Vol. I: Sincretismo conceptual, Tyng y Kahn Vol. II: La obra seminal de Anne Griswold Tyng (1951-1953) Juan Manuel Villa Carrero ADVERTIMENT La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del repositori institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) i el repositori cooperatiu TDX ( h t t p : / / w w w . t d x . c a t / ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei UPCommons o TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a UPCommons (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del repositorio institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) y el repositorio cooperativo TDR (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale- attribute=es) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio UPCommons No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a UPCommons (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the institutional repository UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) and the cooperative repository TDX (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale- attribute=en) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading nor availability from a site foreign to the UPCommons service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the UPCommons service is not authorized (framing). These rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. Obra Seminal de Anne Griswold Tyng (1951- 1953) y su relación con Louis Isadore Kahn. La búsqueda por integrar espacio y estructura a partir de la geometría de la materia. Juan Manuel Villa Carrero Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña Director: Antonio Pizza de Nanno Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona Doctorado en Teoría e Historia de Arquitectura Barcelona, octubre de 2019 Tesis presentada para obtener el título de Doctor por la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña V- I-II 2 Volumen I Abstract The emergency of complex phenomena in our time has forced creators to reconnect knowledge in design, since at the moment, most of them have fragmentary and hyper specialized inertia. Due to this, nowadays, in architecture the interest for hidden or little- known historic figures, related to science and technology that for years looked for answers of design within the interconnection of different dimensions of reality, especially in conjunction with models of generative systems. This condition or problem on the daily chore allows us to approach to more general topics around the way man comes into contact with ideas and how it materializes them. In this case, the specific interest lies in how this happens in the architecture of the North American Northeast, or more exactly in the North American derivations of European theories, around the middle of the 20th century. That is, the moment in which there was a traffic of figures of science and technology between Europe and North America, which nurtured the architecture. Specifically, this text is interested in the figure of the architect A. G. Tyng, who maintained a strong professional and personal relationship with L. I. Kahn, one of the most notable figures of twentieth-century architecture. In this way, the initial concern was; how did she reconnect knowledge and how she materialized her seminal work between 1951 and 1953? Then, the objective of this thesis is to decipher the set of norms and rules that make up the practical theoretical world of A. G. Tyng, through the exegesis of his seminal work between 1951 and 1953, and his special relationship with L. I. Kahn. The answer to our research question was constructed from a qualitative descriptive- critical view, in which the inductive inferences, the abduction and methodologic empiricism prevailed. The physical description was privileged in this document, thanks to its presence in the present, what allowed it we face the theory and phenomena manifesto, as well as its comprehension and its internal laws’. Couple with the above, it is important to highlight that this thesis approached a different angle than usual, and at the same time, opened a space of historiographical experimentation where the hypotheses of these great stories were tested. The results of the study indicated how the ideal of progress, coupled with science and technology in the mid-20th century United States, fueled a traffic of ideas between the professional and educational worlds. This generated a readjustment in the reductive and totalizing architectural models, dominant at that time, a fact that guided A. G. Tyng in the process of articulating fragmented knowledge in disciplines or fields of knowledge towards interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary reflexive models close to generative systems. Namely, it helped her in her search for tomorrow's structures. In conclusion, this process contributed to the construction of a new critical path for architecture and provided evidence to rearrange the history of L. I. Kahn, one of the great figures of architecture. He also delegated to us the bases of the visionary theories of A. G. Tyng, which represents an invaluable collection for research interested in the affinity to numbers and their similarity with computer-aided design logics or their similarity with design, close to the scientific paradigm or complex thought. Keywords: Tyng, Kahn, Seminal Work, Geometry, Science and technology, Structure. Resumen La emergencia de los fenómenos complejos en nuestro tiempo ha obligado a los creadores a reconectar conocimientos en el diseño, ya que, actualmente, muchos presentan una inercia fragmentaria e hiperespecializada. En razón a esto, en la arquitectura se ha despertado hoy día el interés por las figuras históricas ocultas o poco conocidas, próximas a la ciencia y a la tecnología, que por años buscaron respuestas de diseño en la interconexión de distintas dimensiones de lo real, especialmente en conexión con modelos de sistemas generativos. Esta condición o problemática en el quehacer investigativo nos permite aproximarnos a temas más generales en torno a la forma en que el hombre entra en contacto con las ideas y cómo las materializa. En este caso, el interés específico radica en cómo sucede esto en la arquitectura del noreste norteamericano, más exactamente en las derivaciones norteamericanas de las teorías europeas, alrededor de la mitad del siglo XX; esto es, el momento en el cual sobrevino un tráfico de figuras de la ciencia y la tecnología entre Europa y Norteamérica, que nutrió la arquitectura. De manera puntual, este documento se interesa en la figura de la arquitecta Tyng quien mantuvo una fuerte relación profesional y personal con Kahn, una de las figuras más 4 notables de la arquitectura del siglo XX. De esta manera, la inquietud inicial fue: ¿Cómo reconectó ella conocimientos y cómo materializó su obra seminal entre 1951 y 1953? Luego, el objetivo de esta tesis es descifrar el conjunto de normas y reglas que conforman el mundo teórico práctico de Tyng —a través de la exégesis de su obra seminal entre 1951 y 1953— y su especial relación con Kahn. La respuesta a esta pregunta de investigación fue construida a partir de una visión cualitativa descriptiva-critica, en la que primaron las inferencias inductivas, la abducción y el empirismo metodológico. La descripción física fue privilegiada en este documento, gracias a su existencia en el presente, lo que permitió enfrentar la teoría y el fenómeno manifiesto, así como su comprensión y la de sus leyes internas. Aunado a lo anterior, es importante resaltar que esta tesis abordó un enfoque distinto al habitual y a la vez abrió un espacio de experimentación historiográfica en el que las hipótesis de esas grandes historias fueron puestas a prueba. Los resultados del estudio indicaron cómo el ideal de progreso, unido a la ciencia y a la tecnología en los Estados Unidos de mediados del siglo XX, alimentaron un tráfico de ideas entre el mundo profesional y educativo. Este generó un reajuste en los modelos arquitectónicos reductivos y totalizantes, dominantes en ese tiempo, hecho que dirigió a Tyng en el proceso de articular los conocimientos fragmentados en disciplinas o campos de saber hacia modelos reflexivos interdisciplinarios y transdisciplinarios cercanos a los sistemas generativos. A saber, la ayudó en su búsqueda de las estructuras del mañana. En conclusión, este proceso contribuyó en la construcción de un camino crítico nuevo para la arquitectura y aportó pruebas para reacomodar la historia de Kahn, una de las grandes figuras de la arquitectura.
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