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Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Qom Province, Iran

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Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Qom Province, Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2012, 6(1): 54–61 A Saghafipour et al.: Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) … Original Article Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Qom Province, Iran A Saghafipour 1, *MR Abai 2, B Farzinnia 3, R Nafar 1, H Ladonni 2, *S Azari-Hamidian 4 1Qom Provincial Health Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 4School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran (Received 18 Sep 2010; accepted 8 Jun 2011) Abstract Background: There is very little information about the mosquito fauna of Qom Province, central Iran. By now only three species; Anopheles claviger, An. multicolor, and An. superpictus have been reported in the province. To study mosquito fauna and providing a primary checklist, an investigation was carried out on a collection of mosquitoes in this province. Methods: To study the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna, larval collections were carried out from different habitats on 19 occasions using the standard dipping technique during spring and summer 2008 and 2009. Results: In total, 371 mosquito larvae were collected and morphologically identified including 14 species representing four genera: Anopheles claviger, An. marteri, An. turkhudi, An. superpictus, Culex arbieeni, Cx. hortensis, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. territans, Cx. theileri, Culiseta longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, and Ochlerotatus caspius s.l. All species except for An. claviger and An. superpictus were collected for the first time in the province. All larvae were found in natural habitats. The association occasions and percentages of the mosquito larvae in Qom Province were discussed. Conclusion: There are some potential or proven vectors of different human and domesticated animal pathogens in Qom Province. The ecology of these species and the unstudied areas of Qom Province need to be investigated extensively. Keywords: Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Ochlerotatus, larvae, taxonomy Introduction According to the most recent classifica- new species of the Hyrcanus Group based on tion of mosquitoes, the family Culicidae PCR techniques in the country. Malaria is (Diptera) includes two subfamilies, 11 tribes, the most important mosquito-borne disease 111 genera, and 3523 species in the world in Iran and seven species of the genus Ano- fauna and the genus Anopheles Meigen in- pheles: An. culicifacies Giles s.l., An. dthali cludes seven subgenera and at least 464 Patton, An. fluviatilis James s.l., An. macu- species (Harbach 2007). The mosquito fauna lipennis Meigen s.l., An. sacharovi Favre, of Iran includes seven genera, 64 species, An. stephensi Liston, and An. superpictus are and 3 subspecies and the records of 12 other known its proven vectors in Iran, also An. species need to be verified (Azari-Hamidian pulcherrimus Theobald is mentioned a sus- 2007). Recently, Oshaghi et al. (2008) intro- pected vector of malaria in southeastern Iran duced An. superpictus Grassi as a species (Edrissian 2006). Eshghy (1977) observed complex including three genotypes X, Y, Plasmodium oocysts in An. multicolor Cam- and Z and Djadid et al. (2009) introduced a bouliu, but sporozoites have not been found *Corresponding authors: Dr Shahyad Azari-Hamidian, 54 E-mail: [email protected], Mohammad Reza Abai, E-mail: [email protected] J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2012, 6(1): 54–61 A Saghafipour et al.: Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) … in this species and it is not considered a carried out on a collection of mosquitoes in vector in the country. Recently, Djadid et al. Qom Province. (2009) reported An. hyrcanus (Pallas) a potential vector of P. falciparum based on Materials and Methods nested PCR in Guilan Province. West Nile and Sindbis viruses have been reported in Study area Iran (Naficy and Saidi 1970). There is no Qom Province is bounded by Tehran information about their vectors in the country. Province in the north, Isfahan Province in the The possibility of some mosquito-borne ar- south, Semnan Province in the east, and boviral outbreaks like Japanese encephalitis Markazi Province in the west with an area of and Rift Valley fever in the WHO Eastern approximately 11240 square km (0.68% total Mediterranean Region, including Iran, is area of Iran). The center of the province, noteworthy (WHO 2004). There are some Qom City, is almost 880 m above sea level. doubtful old records of Dengue fever in Iran The province with arid climate has about 150 (Foote and Cook 1959), however there is no mm annual rainfall and is located between formal recent record of this virus in the 34o09'–35o11' N latitude and 50o06'–51o58' E country. The mosquito-borne filariae: Dirofi- longitude and formally includes one county laria (dirofilariasis) and Setaria (setariasis) (Qom) and five districts: Jafarabad, Kahak, (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) have been re- Khalajestan, Markazi (Qom), and Salafchegan ported in Iran (Eslami 1997, Azari-Hamidian (Fig. 1). et al. 2007). Anopheles maculipennis and Culex theileri Theobald are known vectors Specimen and data collection of Setaria labiatopapillosa and Dirofilaria In the present faunistic and cross-sec- immitis respectively, in Ardebil Province, tional investigation, larvae were collected northwestern Iran (Azari-Hamidian et al. 2009). from different habitats using the standard In 1996, Qom Province was formally dipping technique (350 ml dipper) in nine separated from Tehran Province. There is stations (localities) of four districts; Kahak very little information about the mosquito District (Emamzadeh Esmail and Dastgerd), fauna of Qom Province. Macan (1950) found Khalajestan District (Ahmadabad, Agholak, An. multicolor larvae in “Darya-i-Namak” Dastjerd, and Ghahan), Markazi District (Ghom- (Namak Lake, Salt Lake, or Qom Lake) rood), and Salafchegan District (Ghal-e-cham (Fig. 1) and showed this species and An. and Rahjerd) on 19 occasions during spring superpictus around Qom in the distributional and summer 2008 and 2009. The larvae were maps. In the document of the former Insti- preserved in lactophenol and the microscope tute of Malariology and Parasitology (pre- slides of the preserved larvae were prepared sent National Institute of Health Research) using de Faure’s medium. The third- and (1953) An. multicolor was recorded around fourth-instar larvae were identified using the Qom. Saebi (1987) showed the occurrence of keys of Shahgudian (1960), Zaim and An. superpictus in Qom in the distributional Cranston (1986), Harbach (1988), and Azari- map of the species. Recently, Farzinnia et al. Hamidian and Harbach (2009). The mosquito (2010) reported An. claviger (Meigen) for name abbreviations follow Reinert (2009). the first time in the province. As the authors know there is no other documented informa- Results tion on the mosquitoes of Qom Province. To study mosquito fauna and provid- In total, 371 mosquito larvae were peri- ing a primary checklist, an investigation was odically collected from four districts of Qom 55 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2012, 6(1): 54–61 A Saghafipour et al.: Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) … Province during 2008–2009 and morpho- liseta longiareolata (Macquart), Cs. subo- logically identified including 14 species rep- chrea (Edwards), and Ochlerotatus caspius resenting four genera: An. claviger, An. (Pallas) s.l. (Table 1). The association occa- marteri Senevet and Prunnelle, An. turkhudi sions of the mosquito larvae in the province Liston, An. superpictus, Culex arbieeni Sa- are shown in Table 2. The association per- lem, Cx. hortensis Ficalbi, Cx. mimeticus centages of the mosquito larvae in Qom Noe, Cx. modestus Ficalbi, Cx. pipiens Lin- Province are shown in Table 3. All larvae naeus, Cx. territans Walker, Cx. theileri, Cu- were collected from natural habitats. N Hoz-e-Soltan Lake Qom Lake Fig. 1. Map of Iran, highlighting the position of Qom Province and its five districts: 1. Jafarabad, 2. Kahak, 3. Khalajestan, 4. Markazi, and 5. Salafchegan ( Qom City) Table 1. The distribution and composition of the mosquito larvae in nine localities of Qom Province, Iran, Spring– Summer 2008–2009 Locality Agholak Ahmadabad Dastgerd Dastjerd Esmail Emamzadeh Ghahan cham Ghal Ghomrood Rahjerd - Species e n % - An. claviger 66 135 - 1 - 16 10 - - 228 61.5 An. marteri - - - - - - - - 2 2 0.5 An. superpictus - - 12 - 20 - - - - 32 8.6 An. turkhudi - - 7 - - - - - - 7 1.9 Cx. arbieeni - - 1 - - - - - - 1 0.3 Cx. hortensis 3 2 1 - - 3 - - - 9 2.4 Cx. mimeticus - - 9 - 1 1 - - - 11 3.0 Cx. modestus - - - - - - - 6 - 6 1.6 Cx. pipiens - - - - - - - 13 - 13 3.5 Cx. territans 7 3 - - - - - - - 10 2.7 Cx. theileri - 1 - - 4 - - 1 - 6 1.6 Cs. longiareolata - 34 - - - 5 - - 2 41 11.1 Cs. subochrea 1 - - - - - - 1 - 2 0.5 Oc. caspius s.l. - - - - - - - 3 - 3 0.8 Total 77 175 30 1 25 25 10 24 4 371 100 56 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2012, 6(1): 54–61 A Saghafipour et al.: Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) … Table 2. The association occasions of the mosquito larvae in Qom Province, Iran, Spring–Summer 2008–2009 An. claviger An. marteri An. superpictus An. turkhudi An. arbieeni Cx. hortensis Cx. mimeticus Cx. modestus Cx. pipiens Cx. territans Cx. theileri Cx. longiareolata Cs. subochrea Cs. s.l. caspius Oc. Total occasions Total Species An. claviger 14 - - - - - 4 1 - - 2 1 3 1 - An. marteri 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - An. superpictus 2 - - - 1 1 1 2 - - - 1 - - - An. turkhudi 1 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - Cx. arbieeni 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - Cx. hortensis 5 4 - 1 1 1 - 2 - - 1 1 2 1 - Cx. mimeticus 3 1 - 2 1 1 2 - - - - 1 1 - - Cx. modestus 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 Cx. pipiens 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - 1 1 Cx. territans 2 2 - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - Cx. theileri 3 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 Cs. longiareolata 4 3 1 - - - 2 1 - - 1 - - - - Cs. subochrea 2 1 - - - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 Oc. caspius s.l. 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - Table 3.
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