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Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network Accident in 2010 and Minimization Approaches of Accident Frequencies

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Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network Accident in 2010 and Minimization Approaches of Accident Frequencies •Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(1): 33-38. RESEARCH ARTICLE •Journal Homepage: http://jhygiene.muq.ac.ir Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network Accident in 2010 and Minimization Approaches of Accident Frequencies Hossein Jafari Mansooriana,b, Ahmad Reza Yaric, Mohsen Ansarid, Shahram Nazarie, Mohamad Saberi Bidgolid, Gharib Majidid* aEnvironmental Health Engineering Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. bYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran. cResearch Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. dDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. eSchool of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. *Correspondence should be addressed to Mr. Gharib Majidi, Email: [email protected] A-R-T-I-C-L-EI-N-F-O A-B-S-T-R-A-C-T Article Notes: Background & Aims of the Study: Accidents in water networks can lead to increase the Received: Oct 25, 2015 uncounted water, costs of repair, maintenance, restoration and enter water contaminants to water network. The aim of this study is to survey the accidents of Qom rural water network Received in revised form: and choose the right approaches to reduce the number of accidents. Dec 2, 2015 Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four sector of Qom province Accepted: Dec 23, 2015 (Markazi, Dastjerd, Kahak and Qahan), were assessed over a period of 8 months (July – Available Online: Jun 1, January 2010). This study was conducted through questionnaire of Ministry of Energy. 2016 Results: The total number of accidents was 763. The highest number of accidents in the four sectors was related to Markazi sector with 228 accidents. According to the time of the accident, the highest and lowest number of accident was related to September (19.7%) and Keywords: November (6.8%), respectively. According to the location of the accident on network, the Accidents, Water Network highest and lowest number of accident was related to distribution network (64%) and , Minimization Approach, connections (17.5%) and transmission pipe (18.34%), respectively. According to the type of the accident, the highest and lowest number of accident was related to breaking (47.8%) Qom, Iran. and gasket failure (1.2%), respectively. Considering with the pipes’ material, the highest and lowest number of accident was related to polyethylene pipes (93%) and steel and cast iron pipes (0.5%, 0.5%), respectively. Conclusions: Due to the high break rate of Polyethylene pipes, it is recommended to be placed in priority of leak detection and rehabilitation. Please cite this article as: Jafari Mansoorian H, Yari AR, Ansari M, Nazari S, Saberi Bidgoli M, Majidi G. Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network Accident in 2010 and Minimization Approaches of Accident Frequencies. Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(1):33-38. networks in Iran, occurs nearly one million Background accidents annually and more than 20 percent of The accidents occurring in water distribution total revenues in water and wastewater networks cause losses amounts of treated water companies is consumed for repairing these (1). The annual budget for the development of accidents (3). The maintenance costs of water urban water distribution network and value of distribution network in Iran, increased from 94 water losses within one year in Australia is billion Rials in 1999 to 239 billion Rials in estimated 145 and 90 million dollars, 2002 (4). respectively (2). In urban water distribution ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Archives of Hygiene Sciences Volume 5, Number 1, Winter 2016 © 2016 Publisher: Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. 33 Hossein Jafari M, et al./ Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(1): 33-38 • Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network... Accidents in water distribution network, in questionnaire of Iranian Ministry of Energy. addition to the Water losses and the spending of The questionnaire was contained six questions rehabilitation huge cost, can enter the (Name & Family-completion questionnaire, contaminants into distribution network (5). address of accident, location of accident on Pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and network, time of accident, type of accident and Giardia Lamblia may enter the water network damaged pipes and connections). In each area due to pipe breakage (6,7). In Scandinavia of Qom province, after contractors’ were (1975 – 1991) faulty connections caused 20% trained on how to complete questionnaire, the of water borne diseases. One study in questionnaires were given to the contractors. Uzbekistan showed that the prevalence of Related variables to accidents in the water diarrheal diseases could be attributed to cracks network were recorded during the day and in pipes. In England (1995-1911) problems night. Results were analyzed using Microsoft related to distribution system caused thirty-six Excel software 2010. percent of water-borne disease outbreaks (8). In the United States, between 2001 and 2002, Results contamination of water distribution network led In this study, Qom rural area water network to half of the water-borne disease outbreaks (9). accidents were investigated according to the (a) Main factors that affect accidents of water time of accident, (b) location of the accident on distribution networks are pipe age, pipe length, network, (c) type of accident and (d) damaged pipe materials, pipe diameter, pipe depth, types pipes and connections. Total of accidents in the of joints, soil conditions, traffic loading, quality four areas, (Markazi, Dastjerd, Kahak and of external underground water, break history, Qahan) in Qom province in water distribution rehabilitation methods and water quality network were 763 accidents. The highest (10,11). Water and wastewater companies do number of accident in studied areas was related not make appropriate effort to obtain the to Markazi area with 228 accidents (Figure 1). information about the accident. The knowledge According to the time of the accident, the level of the staff or workers of in repairing highest and lowest numbers of accidents were units, is such that related groups cannot able to related to September (19.7%) and November correct record of available data, proper analysis (6.8%), respectively (Figure 2). According to of data, debugging the system and justifying the the location of the accident on network, the causes of accidents. Studying and analyzing the highest and lowest numbers of accidents were situation of accidents is important for reducing related to distribution network (64%) and the number of accidents and unaccounted water Connections (17.5%) and transmission pipe (12). (18.34%), respectively (Figure 3). According to Aims of the study: the type of the accident, the highest and lowest The aim of this study is to investigate the rural numbers of accidents were related to breaking area water network accidents in Qom province (47.8%) and gasket failure (1.2%), respectively and choose the proper approaches to reduce the (Figure 4). According to the pipes material, the accidents’ quantities. highest and lowest numbers of accidents were Materials & Methods related to polyethylene pipes (93%) and steel and cast iron pipes (0.5%, 0.5%), respectively In this cross-sectional study, four area of (Figure 5). The results showed that the Qom province (Markazi, Dastjerd, Kahak and breaking, bursting, and erosion of polyethylene Qahan), were assessed over an 8 month period pipes are the most common causes of accidents. (July to January 2010). This study was Also accidents of water supply network and conducted according to a standard connections in the cities and provinces of Iran ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ Archives of Hygiene Sciences Volume 5, Number 1, Winter 2016 © 2016 Publisher: Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. 34 •Investigation of Qom Rural Area Water Network... Hossein Jafari M, et al./ Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(1): 33-38 are presented in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 160 6, the number of accidents of distribution 140 Markazi Dastjerd Qahan Kahak network and connections in the Qom province 120 was 1860 and 22187 respectively (15). 100 250 80 60 200 accidents of Number 150 40 20 100 0 50 Breaking Junctions Burst Erosion Clogging Gasket Number of accidents of Number Dislocation Failure 0 Markazi Dastjerd Qahan Kahak Type of accident Studied area Figure 1) Number of accidents in studied areas Figure 4) Number of accidents in the studied areas, according to the type of the accident 70 60 250 50 Markazi Dastjerd Qahan Kahak Markazi Dastjerd 40 200 Qahan Kahak 30 150 20 Number of accidents of Number 10 100 0 Number ofaccidents Number 50 Time (month) 0 Figure 2) Number of accidents in the studied areas, Polyethylen Asbestos Steel PVC Cast Iron according to the time of the accident Pipe material 180 Distribution Network Figure 5) Number of accidents in the studied areas, 160 Connections 140 Transmission Pipe according to the pipes material 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Markazi Dastjerd Qahan Kahak Studied area Figure 3) Number of accidents in the studied areas, according to the location of the accident on network -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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