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Greenland in figures 2020 in Figures 2020 • 17th revised edition • Editorial deadline: May 2020 • Number printed: 1,000 Published by • Telephone: +299 34 57 70 • Fax: +299 34 57 90 • [email protected] • www.stat.gl Edited by Bolatta Vahl and Naduk Kleemann, Statistics Greenland

Typesetting and graphics by Nuisi • Printed by DAMgrafisk © Statistics Greenland 2020. Quotations from this leaflet are permitted provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-87-998113-5-9 EAN: 9788798678786 ISSN: 1602-5709 Index

5 Greenland – The world’s largest island 23 Business 6 Politics 24 Business Structure 7 Population 25 8 Migration 27 9 Deaths and Births 28 Agriculture 10 Health 29 12 Families and Households 31 Income 13 Education 32 Prices 15 Social Welfare 33 Foreign Trade 16 Crime 34 Public Finances 17 Culture 35 National Accounts 18 Climate 37 Key Figures 20 Transportation 39 More Information about Greenland 21 Labour Market

Symbols - 0 . Category not applicable 0 Less than 0.5 of the unit used … Data not available * Provisional or estimated figures All economic figures are in Danish kroner (DKK). Population in Greenland by january 1st, 2020

Kommune Kommune 1,346 3,069 21 66 34 50 123 1,081 3,050 86 21 839 49 11 20 520 / 1,185 Attu 203 Aappilattoq 100 76 Narsarmijit 66 249 Tasiusaq 53 90 National Park 32 202 Kommunia Qaanaaq 646 Kommuneqarfik 55 18,326 43 169 23 52 Upernavik 1,092 1,308 201 Qeqertarsuaq 73 130 1,985 Aappilattoq 149 Aasiaat Qasigiannguit 209 Tasiusaq 252 Kangaatsiaq 64 181 241 453 Tiileqilaaq 96 49 Kuummiut 248 180 Kulusuk Ittoqqortoormiit 345 43 Tasiilaq Ikerasaarsuk 2 Nuuk Kommunia Uummannaq 1,407 Sisimiut 5,582 35 89 174 96 233 Paamiut Kangerlussuaq 508 226

Maniitsoq 2,534 154 Narsaq Narsarsuaq 196 0 Qaqortoq 80 0 Nanortalik 293 Ilulissat 4,670 29 114 132 Outside towns and settlements 207 53 Administrative localities 12

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEST4

4 Self-government was established on June 21 June on established was Self-government 1953 aDanish County, in and 1979, granted. was rule home 1721, In . aDanish colony, became Greenland in of Kingdom the within region is aself-governing Greenland kilometer. square per 0.3 persons is amere only, areas density. Counting population ice-free it the lowest world´s has the , Greenland of vast entirely Comprised area 1/6 an on of ´s. 56,000, about is just population 81rope. cent is covered by ice, of Greenland per total the and however, of Eu is it a part of geopolitics, terms continent. In American North the on located is geographically Greenland I largest World’s The (DKK) is legal tender. is legal (DKK) have not currency. anational does but stamps, own its issues and flag, national own has its Greenland habitants. in 18,000 around with Nuuk capital the includes This coast. west southern the on lives population of only. the craft Most all travel and towns, is by ship air and between exist roads line. No coast the along are located settlements and towns tundra. All is pristine landscape Greenlandic of the Most since. in 1985union amember has been not and 1973 areferendum in 1982, the on. Following left Greenland from EU an was member Greenland Denmark, with Along Greenland sland

th 2009. 2009. - - - 5 3,700 meters, is located in East Greenland. in East 3,700 is located meters, with mountain Greenland's Fjeld, highest bjørn Gunn Pole. North the from km 1,400 mere a Greenland, West in North is located world, in the settlement Siorapaluk, the northernmost -

Erez Marom - Visit Greenland Politics

The (Parliament of Greenland), with 31 members, Greenland is divided into five ; Kommune Kujal- and (the Government) are both located in the leq, Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq, Qeqqata kommunia, Kom- capital Nuuk. The Head of Naalakkersuisut is termed “Naalak- mune Qeqertalik and Avannaata Kommunia. Elections for the kersuisut Siulittaasuat”. The remaining members are termed municipal boards are also held every four years. At the end of “Naalakkersuisut”. 2018, Greenland has 7 political parties. The two largest are (“Forward”) and Ataqatagiit (“Unified Inuit”). Every four years, elections for the Inatsisartut are held. A can- didate can run for a party or as an independent. The D´Hondt Being a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland has two method of seat calculation is used. After each election, the seats in Folketinget, the parliament of Denmark. The members Inatsisartut appoints the new Naalakkersuisut members and are elected in conjunction with the election for the Danish the new Naalakkersuisut Siulittaasuat. parliament. From time to time, referendums about political de- cisions are held. In 1979, Greenland voted for home rule, and Election to the Greenlandic Parliament. in 2008, it voted for self-rule. In 1982, Greenland voted for April 24th, 2018 by Party leaving the EU. Votes Per cent Mandates Elected women Parties 29,003 100.0 31 12 1,730 5.9 2 - Demokraatit 5,712 19.5 6 3 7,478 25.5 8 5 Siumut 7,957 27.2 9 3 Nunatta Qitornai 1,002 3.4 1 - Partii 3,931 13.4 4 - Samarbejdspartiet 1,193 4.1 1 1

Source: The Election Board, Government of Greenland Election to the municipal councils, April 4th 2017 Greenland Avannaata Kommune Qeqqata Kommuneqarfik Kommune total Kommunia Qeqertalik Kommunia Sermersooq Kujalleq Distribution of votes Atassut 11.8 16.6 7.7 21.2 7.6 8.6 Demokraatit 8.2 6.7 5.0 - 16.9 - Inuit Ataqatigiit 32.4 16.0 44.5 17.4 43.0 33.5 Partii Naleraq 4.6 10.8 0.9 8.3 2.6 - Siumut 41.5 48.7 40.6 51.7 28.2 56.0

Source: The Election Board, Government of Greenland

6 place. take migration and mortality in fertility, changes no if 50,000, below drop expectedly will populace Total 20 years. next the during increase will lation popu of the part elderly the in fertility, drop sequent sub the and older. 1960´s to large the Due cohorts, Towards become will 2050, population Greenland´s P Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEST3 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEST3 Population by locations years. 50 ing last for the This trend continu hasmigration been from the settlements. the as well as growth population net the absorbed they as rapidly, grew towns in 1960´s, the the After populations the lately. ternational in increasingly Danish, has become it predominantly though is remainder The ancestry. is of Greenlandic population of the Most Qaqortoq. and Aasiaat Ilulissat, Sisimiut, Nuuk, towns largest cent five in live the per 60 About settlements. and in towns coast; at the exclusively lives population Greenland´s Po 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 O PULA p 37,954 44,349 45,719 47,446 48,985 T towns ION ulation Total population In In

F ORE Outside Outside 11,819 11,209 10,405 towns 9,006 7,096 C A ST 49,773 55,558 56,124 56,452 56,081 Total 31,163 36,439 39,844 41,988 43,371 towns Born inGreenlandBorn In In

Outside Outside towns 9,934 9,837 9,679 8,374 6,818 - - 41,097 46,276 49,523 50,362 50,189 Total - - 7 3,000 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEST5 Population by gender and age women. 1/3 and are men 2/3 for which abroad, born for those especially and in Greenland, born for those goes This of men. overweight populace has atotal Greenland 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Women 500 0 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+ 0-4 5-9 As of January 1 of January As 0 Men non-Danish citizens in live non-Danish Greenland, 263Greenland, of which have citizenship in a 500 Nordic country. Nordic C 1,000 I T I Z ENSH 1,500 st 2020, 1,246 1,246 2020, 2,000 I P

2,000 2020 2010 3,000

Elia Locardi - Visit Greenland Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBAF2B Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBAF2B I years. 50 last for on the going has been to Nuuk, to primarily towns, districts outer from internal migration An ulace composition. pop the on and have big impact a are significant, migrations size internal the in Greenland, Compared to population the g Mi nternal migration Others From towntosettlement From settlementtotown Between settlements Between towns Same settlement Same town are Philippines, Thai and Icelanders. and Thai are Philippines, immigrant groups largest total.tion The cent of2.2 popula per representing now is growing, twist international Greenland´s F OREI G N ration NA T IONAL 13,200 S 1,124 1,392 4,507 1,316 2011 370 32 14,000 1,115 1,272 4,672 1,219 2013 332 56 13,791 1,242 1,306 4,875 1,232 2015 363 22 - 14,158 1,082 1,317 4,919 2017 417 993 16 13,671 1,112 1,224 5,133 2019 301 910 9 - 8 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBBIU2 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBBIU2 M segment. population Greenlandic-born for the case is at abalance. is the not This immigration time, foreign net the by Over immigration. tered coun continuously of to foreign nationals be emigration net the requires workforce for summoned need land´s constant Green versa. vice or to Greenland Denmark from move who are citizens Danish of of the migrants Kingdom, majority The Born outsideGreenlandBorn Born inGreenlandBorn Emigrations, total Born outsideGreenlandBorn Born inGreenlandBorn Immigrations, total Net immigration igration numbers abroad, selected the number had risen to 16,770. risen had number the born lived in Denmark. In 2020, In in Denmark. lived born In 2009, 14,376 2009, In Greenlandic Born in G in Born LIVIN 1,214 1,220 2,442 1,364 2,283 2011 G IN -159 917 D REENLAN ENMAR 1,200 1,311 2,513 1,088 2,066 2013 -447 975 1,144 1,544 2,691 1,158 1,019 2,186 2015 K -511 D 1,352 1,373 2,736 1,224 1,059 2,287 2017 -449 1,244 1,363 2,609 1,374 2,310 2019 -300 933

Rebecca Gustafsson - Visit Greenland - - MOST POPULAR NAMES FOR NEWBORNS In 2019, Liam and Inuk are Deaths and Births the most popular names for boys. Naja and Nina are the most popular names for girls.

Around 850 persons are born every year, and 500 die. Men Fertility rate per women in towns and settlements and women born in Greenland have a shorter life expectancy Settlement Town than the average of the western world. This is primarily due to a high mortality rate caused by accidents and suicide. 2019

Live births and deaths 2009 Numbers 1,250 1999

1,000 Live births 1989 750 Deaths 1979 500 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 250 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBBLSF1

0 1979 1989 1999 2009 2019 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBBL0 and http://bank.stat.gl/BEEBBDM1

In Greenland, men on average live to the age of 68.3 years, while women live to the age of 73.0 years.

The general birth pattern has remained stable during the last ten years. Towns differ from settlements in fertility rate. Women in settlements give birth to more children than those in towns. However, fertility in the settlements has decreased in the past few years. In the start 1960´s, the general fertility was very high, causing the Health Authority to launch cam- FIRST BIRTH paigns for contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices. Also, In Greenland, women give birth to their first child 3-5 abortion was legalized in 1975. Even today, pregnancies more years earlier than in the other . The often result in legal abortions than in live births. Since the mean age for Greenlandic primiparae is 24.7 years. start 1970´s, the fertility total has been constant, at around 2.1 births per woman.

9 Health

The health care system in Greenland is divided into five re- Causes of deaths gions. Regional Hospitals are located in the towns; Ilulissat, 2013 2014 2015 Aasiaat, Sisimiut, Nuuk and Qaqortoq. The hospital in Nuuk, Number of Deaths Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, is the Central Hospital of Greenland. Total 421 442 435 In each region, outside of the main towns, there are health Infectious diseases 22 12 21 care centers, health care stations and rural health care consul- Cancer 105 109 99 tations, which can be equipped with telemedicine. Health Endocrine and metabolic 11 8 6 care is provided free of charge for all citizens of Greenland. Heart diseases 55 64 55 Other circulatory system diseases 34 30 34 Prescription medicine and birth control is free of charge. Pub- Respiratory system diseases 30 38 41 lic dental clinics are located in towns and dental treatment is Digestive system diseases 17 15 22 free of charge for permanent residents of Greenland. Accidents 23 15 27 Suicide 42 45 32 Greenland is geographically a large country with a small pop- Homicide 3 3 3 ulation. Hence, residents of Greenland can be living far away Other 79 103 95 from a health care center or a regional hospital. In case of se- Source: http://bank.stat.gl/SUELDA1 rious illness citizens will be transported to the nearest hospital for medical examination and treatment. Patients in need of specialized treatment, e.g. cancer patients, are transferred to Queen Ingrid’s Hospital in Nuuk or to a hospital in Denmark. NATIONAL HOSPITAL In case of severe emergency, patients can also be transferred Queen Ingrids Hospital in to a hospital in . Pregnant women from smaller towns Nuuk is called SANA in daily or settlements are transported to the nearest regional hospi- talk, as it was built as a tal, usually a month or so before birth. This is due to guide- tuberculosis sanatorium in 1953. lines, which have been implemented to enhance the safety of In 1961, it became the mother and child. National Hospital.

10 Compared to the other Nordic countries, tuberculosis is more Import of cigarettes than 20 times as frequent in Greenland. Sexually transferred Number of cigarettes per person over 14 years diseases are distinctly more frequent, while cancer is a par 3,500 Regular cigarettes with the other Nordic countries. Suicide rates are 6-7 times 3,000 higher than the other Nordic countries. This number has been stable during the past 25 years. 2,500 2,000

Import and production of alcoholic beverages 1,500

Litres of 100 pct. alcohol per person over 14 years 1,000 12 Rolling tobacco 500

0 9 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ALETOB2 6 Beer

3 Wine Spirits 0 1979 1989 1999 2009 2019 CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ALEALK Alcohol consumption has dropped by more than 35 per cent over the last 20 years, and is now at par with the other Nordic countries. Tobacco con- sumption has also dropped by more than 30 per cent during the same period of time.

Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland

11 SINGLES TODAY In 2020, 19,577 persons live as Families and singles, which is 16 per cent more Households than 20 years ago.

The Greenlandic family structure has been changing during Families and households the last 50 years. Today, couples often live together without 2000 2010 2020 being married. The relations between persons in a household Number of families define family type. In brief, the Greenlandic family is defined Child below 18 years not living with parents 1,279 1,223 1,115 as one or more persons from the same household, who are Single 16,759 17,906 19,557 kin or couples. Married 3,694 4,812 5,465 Couple living in consensual union 4,460 3,507 2,876 In general, we define three family types; couples, singles and Cohabiting 1,987 1,937 1,809 Number of households children not living at home. The couple or single family type Towns 16,837 18,776 19,573 can have children or youngsters living at home. A family con- Settlements 2,798 2,870 2,550 sists of two generations at max. For instance, three genera- Farm 50 53 - tions living in one household would count as two or more families. * Minors not living with parents include those living with other relatives, in foster care, in social institutions or dorms. Source: http://bank.stat.gl/BEEFAM2 and http://bank.stat.gl/BEEHUS1

HOUSEHOLDS A household is defined as all persons living at the same address, regardless of how the persons are related. A household can consist of more than one family, while a family cannot be dispersed over more than one household.

Reinhard Pantke - Visit Greenland

12 grade. grade. and move to the nearest town in order to attend 8 to attend in order town to nearest move and the home to their leave need Childrensix. small from settlements of age at the school primary Children in Greenland. start tory is manda education secondary lower and Ten of primary years ticeships in companies or at the school. at the or in companies ticeships training appren as practical and classes theoretical between alternate educations vocational The colleges. main vocational at six are offered educations vocational most and schools, four have towns high Only education. secondary upper an have to town to pursue to move another Many people young education. secondary to upper directly proceed 1 in 7pupils Only Denmark. or in Greenland atyear acontinuation school one children half ofdo the about school, ishing elementary fin After grades. English and lowest from the grade is taught E ducation Danish is taught as a second language from the first first the from language Danish asecond as is taught th -10 th - - -

13 N educations. vocational or 10 in, school high have to yet active complete, are still or 18-25 the of 6out Among nearly olds, year education. ondary sec upper an attain not do in Greenland Many people young Source: http://bank.stat.gl/UDEISC11D 100 200 300 400 500 umber of educations completed 0 2008 High school 2013 2018 V ocational education 2008 2013 2018 In Greenland Abroad 2008 Higher education 2013 2018 -

Rebecca Gustafsson - Visit Greenland EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Though increasing, the education level in Greenland remains the lowest in the Nordic. About half of the population of all 25-64 years old has no education above the lower-secondary level, compared to about ¼ in Greenland´s University, Ilisimatusarfik, is located in the capital other Nordic countries. Nuuk. It offers 11 bachelor programs and 4 master programs. Short-cycle higher educations are also offered at some voca- tional schools. As only a few higher educations are offered in Greenland, 30 per cent of the students go abroad. The major- ity study in Denmark.

Education is free, and students receive a monthly student grant. Apprentices usually receive salary from the apprentice- ship. Students that need to move to another town for studies Educational attainment 25-64 years old, 2018 are entitled to a dormitory room.

Higher education CHOICE OF EDUCATION 14 pct. Women attain an education above lower-sec- ondary level more often than men. 1 out of 10 Vocational Lower men choose to start a higher education, while education secondary the number for women are 1 out of 5. Women 26 pct. school primarily choose educations within welfare, 55 pct. business or higher education. Men primarily choose educations in engineering, construc- tion, and transport services.

High School 5 pct.

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/UDEISCPROD

14 Social Welfare

Carlo Lukassen – Visit Greenland

For social welfare, Greenland follows the Nordic Model. If cer- Recipients of housing subsidies and tain requirements are met, citizens are entitled to income-­ child benefits by time replacing benefits in case of unemployment, disease and ma- 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ternity. Persons with low or no income, who do not meet Number of persons regularities are entitled to public benefits. Recipients of housing subsidies 5,196 4,850 4,422 4,115 3,943 Recipients of child benefits 3,826 3,601 3,573 3,488 3,880

Low-income families also have the right to housing subsidies Source: http://bank.stat.gl/SOEBS01 and http://bank.stat.gl/SOEBT01 and child benefits. Disabled residents are entitled to relief measures to compen- Residents with reduced work ability can apply for early retire- sate for the disability. The measures are highly individual. ment pension, if younger than 66 years. If 66 years or older, They may include help in daily life from a support person, be- residents are always entitled to age pension. In addition, early ing accompanied when travelling or a full-time stay at a resi- retirees and senior residents may receive help and care in their dential institution. Disabled residents may also be offered a home. If necessary, a nursing home place is offered. protected workshop job.

Recipients of public and Social benefits in 2018 unemployment benefits by time Total amount in 1,000 DKK 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 450,000 Number of persons 400,000 Recipients of public benefits 7,889 7,111 6,065 5,788 5,028 350,000 Recipients of unemployment 300,000 and disease benefits 3,073 3,099 2,885 2,912 2,518 250,000 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/SOE004 and http://bank.stat.gl/SOE006 200,000 150,000 Recipients of pensions by time 100,000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 50,000 Number of persons 0 Recipients of age pension 3,671 3,758 3,998 3,789 3,770 Recipients of Age pension Child benefits early retirement pension 2,565 2,457 2,249 2,280 2,386 Public benefits Housing subsidies Maternity benefits

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/SOEAPE1 and http://bank.stat.gl/SOEFPE1 Early retirement pension Unemployment benefits Source: http://bank.stat.gl/OFEKOMR

15 PROPERTY CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Preliminary figures show that property crime and juvenile delinquency have been dropping recently. Crime Property crime has dropped by around 40 per cent, while juvenile delinquency has dropped by around 45 per cent.

The Greenlandic court system is comprised of four District The justice system in Greenland emphasizes resocialization. Courts and The Court of Greenland, together represent the Convicts are generally allowed to maintain some degree of first court level. The represents the everyday life during imprisonment. Six correctional facilities second court level. As the Greenlandic court system is still a exist in Greenland, distributed in towns of Ilulissat, Aasiaat, part of the Danish court system, the of Den- Sisimiut, Nuuk, Qaqortoq and Tasiilaq. Mentally deviant of- mark is also third court level for Greenland. fenders may be sentenced to time indefinite imprisonment in Nuuk or in Denmark.

Reported offenses, by type Verdicts by precautionary measure, selected numbers Special laws Traffic law Criminal law 2009 2011 2013 2015* 2017* 2019* Number of verdicts 2019 Warning 32 39 283 239 65 85 2017 Suspended sentence 498 374 491 1,309 366 350 2015 Unsuspended sentence 1,092 896 543 567 391 320 Fine 1,928 1,800 1,764 1,782 1,466 1,254 2013 Withdrawal of charges 193 97 289 179 104 102 2011 *Preliminary figures 2009 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/KREAF 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/KREAN Offenses against persons include murder, violence, rape and sexual assaults on minors. Compared to the other Nordic coun- tries, offenses against persons are considerably more frequent. The number of verdicts is highly susceptible to the efficacy of the criminal justice system.

THE PROBATION SERVICE The Probation Service in Greenland oversees convicts who have been sentenced to probation terms, community service or legal psychiatric placement. The Probation Service also partici- Mads Pihl – Visit Greenland pates in crime prevention, in cooperation with the police, schools and Social Services.

16 could read and write from the 1840s on. 1840s the from write and could read everybody literate almost as has along tradition, Greenland exist. also publishing companies of Ahandful minor pers. pa of have towns local Anumber issues. paper have weekly Atuagagdliutittional newspapers (AG) which and , na to two the in addition exist, also stations TV and radio cal of lo Anumber programs. sports and entertainment-, news-, Company, of arange TV and radio national broadcasting Service Public is Greenland´s (KNR) Radioa Nunaata students. for actor school is also Theatre National The tours. countrywide on go shows some tofrom year year, varies of shows number The and dition. culture tra and Greenlandic on based repertoire, forming Art aPer produces which Theatre, National the houses also Nuuk 15 well-preserved The cultural history. local tells the which museum, have own towns their al. Most tradition life is more remote areas in while the sure activities, lei and facilities Townstion. have avibrant life, sports with tradi and of globalism is amix culturalGreenland´s identity V area. heritage general curates the also which Nuuk, in Museum National at Greenland´s are exhibited Source: GreenlandNationalMuseum *Numbers donotincludevisitsinentrance Culture Total* Children Adults isits to Greenland N

11,697 2,630 9,067 2014 ational Museum 9,343 2,868 6,475 2015 Number of visits Numberofvisits 11,545 3,532 8,013 2016 th 12,646 century – Qilakitsoq century 3,799 8,847 2017

12,342 3,909 8,433 2018 19,391 15,080 4,311 2019 ------17 Broadcasts by K Broadcasts musicians, mainly in the rock and pop genres. pop and rock musicians, in mainly the of performing number high has arelatively Greenland days. these popular increasingly have and become tradition, music Inuit original the constitute dances and century. songs Drum Greenland by whalers and early colonists in the 17 in the colonists early and by whalers Greenland are in European, dances introduced were and traditional The popular. dance is also Folk choirs. have own towns their Most Source: KNR Radio, total TV, total LAN er for the establishment of a range of of small stations” arange radio establishment forer the togeth initiator as to resourceful aconsortium and put adept quite to be considered could be still despite, condition poor my I, whatever considered had again –once manyhow times for knows –God apparently that they reports were ”There means: This ng qissupilorujussuanngortartuinnakasinngortinniamisaalin ”Nalunaarasuartaateeranngualioqatigiiffissualioriataallaq 153 with goes: Greenlandic on word letters longest the of One Greenlandic. Official is coined Greenlandic West but family. exist, language Various dialects -Aleut the to belongs which is Greenlandic, mainGreenland´s language uatsiaraluallaqqooqigaminngamiaasiinngooq”. G UAG E

2,086 2013 R (Greenlandic NR 695 2,327 2014 650 Hours per year Hoursperyear 2,274 2015 732 5,104 are locations heritage known. Most are located are located Most known. H adio/T ERIT in the top-soil, but but top-soil, in the 2,895 2016 987 don’t touch! A

G V E ) LO 3,686 2017 800 th C and 18 and A T 3,625 1,136 ION 2018 th S ­ ­ -

Lola Akinmade Åkerström - Visit Greenland Climate

Greenland is located in the Northern Polar region. The win- Average temperatures in 2019, selected towns ters are cold and the summers mild with a local variation. Degrees in Celsius Ilulissat Kangerlus­ Nuuk Narsarsuaq Tasiilaq (North) suaq (West) (West) (South) (East) In , the climate is High . Here, the sum- Average Maximum Temperatures mers are cool with , while the winters are harsh January 1.8 3.1 3.5 10.1 3.4 and the polar night lasts one to five months. Mid and South February 2.6 -0.5 7.9 8.1 2.7 Greenland generally has a Low Arctic climate. However, in the March 3.5 5.3 8.4 6.6 -1.5 deep fiords of , the climate is Sub Arctic, al- April 13.6 16.4 14.9 … 7.9 lowing for a few trees to grow. May 15.9 19.5 16.7 17.5 7.1 June 19.5 21.5 18.9 20.7 11.9 Greenland's temperature record is 25.9 degrees Celsius meas- July 20.2 22.4 19.1 20.3 15.2 ured on the West Coast of the country in July 2013. The cold- August 18.2 21.5 17.1 23.1 12.8 est place in Greenland is the Ice Cap, where temperatures can September 11.9 15.3 11.7 16.4 10.8 drop below -50 degrees Celsius. October 11.0 12.0 12.4 14.3 8.6 November 7.8 7.4 9.5 10.4 4.8 December -1.5 -3.7 2.9 10.7 1.6 Average Minimum Temperatures January -25.4 -35.9 -12.2 -17.3 -15.1 February -23.4 -33.6 -10.2 -13.6 -15.9 March -34.9 -34.9 -19.5 -17.1 -17.6 April -13.6 -15.7 -9.5 … -7.1 May -2.0 0.3 -1.4 1.4 -3.7 June 1.7 1.5 -0.7 0.4 -3.6 July 3.1 2.2. 2.8 5.4 0.3 August 0.1 -1.6 2.8 3.0 1.3 September -6.7 -6.5 -1.0 -0.8 -0.4 October -11.3 -14.1 -3.2 -4.8 -6.3 November -11.9 -7.0 -7.0 -7.5 -8.0 December -20.4 -32.5 -10.7 -14.4 -12.6

Source: ASIAQ and DMI

Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland

18 duced from incineration of waste in treatment plants. plants. in treatment of waste incineration from duced Asmall is pro of heating amount of electricity. for production fuels fossil on entirely rely still districts outer and settlements only. fuels fossil from produced was towns, Smaller power Tasiilaq. and sat introduced, were plants hydropower Before Ilulis Sisimiut, Qaqortoq/Narsaq, Nuuk, supplying built, been have plants for energy. five hydropower 1990s, Since the need has alarge climate basically to cold the Due Greenland CO 581.9 was consumption energy from gases ton 2018,In of greenhouse emission actual the EMI consumption has dropped 10.9 has dropped consumption cent. per energy from gases of greenhouse emission 2 equivalent. Compared to equivalent. 1990, actual the SS O ION F G REEN H OU S E G A S - - 19 mission of Greenhouse Gases ofEmission Greenhouse Source: Denmark. 2020 National Inventory Report(NIR) Source: Denmark.2020NationalInventory Waste Forest andLand Use Agriculture Industrial Processes -OtherSectors -Transport -IndustryandConstruction -EnergyIndustries Emissions from fuelcombustion Total

318.5 182.9 625.2 652.7 1990 17.5 97.2 26.6 0.3 9.5 0.3 293.0 106.0 520.9 554.7 2014 14.6 25.3 96.5 CO 1.2 9.1 8.9 2 -equivalents in tonnes -equivalents intonnes 284.2 105.4 110.9 524.0 558.5 2015 10.5 14.4 23.5 1.1 8.5 293.5 113.3 525.1 560.2 2016 10.2 14.9 26.5 91.8 1.2 8.7 301.3 120.6 542.3 575.0 2017 15.0 26.0 94.3 1.2 8.1 8.4

303.6 115.8 548.2 581.9 2018 15.1 30.4 98.4 1.2 8.0 9.4

Lauren Breedlove - Visit Greenland Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ENEMO2DI Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ENEMO2DI *  N have towns of the taxies. most and only. have towns roads busses have Bigger ally gravel dirt or usu settlements and towns Smaller of transportation. means typical are the Here, cars have towns roads. only. paved Most air or by sea are transported goods and Passengers ments. settle and towns to connect roads or railroads hasland no to climate the Due geography, and countries. Green Nordic Transportation in different Greenland from is the very other T East Greenland South Greenland West Greenland North Greenland emergency vehiclesand otherunspecifiedvehicles. ATV and4-wheelers,constructionmachineries,trucks,amotorcycle, trailer, umber of registered motor vehicles in 2019 in vehicles motor registered of umber Ittoqqortoormiit Tasiilaq Nanortalik Qaqortoq Narsaq Paamiut Nuuk Maniitsoq Sisimiut Qeqertarsuaq Kangaatsiaq Aasiaat Qasigiannguit Ilulissat Uummannaq Upernavik Qaanaaq rans Buses p 43 21 21 ortation 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 ------Taxis 16 13 90 28 16 12 31 3 4 4 2 1 1 4 2 - - Cars and Cars and 3,943 vans 243 180 738 141 502 57 34 68 68 31 39 85 31 14 5 - mobiles Snow­ 426 665 155 353 215 226 48 37 10 35 32 20 62 18 82 72 11 ther motor Other motor vehicles* 1,187 341 211 24 34 13 94 24 27 36 15 52 34 27 17 15 4 - - -

20 Source: GreenlandAirports Europe. and ships from US, for cruise destination a popular is itself but ship routes, fall. passenger international has no Greenland to from springtime have only ship areas arrivals time. These ice during winter sea Arctic High by the is impeded regions Travel eastern and exist. also routes to far the by sea northern year. of the Coast most West passenger the minor Several on routes maintains passenger Ittuk, ship, passenger Line's, Umiaq Arctic tofreight settlements. and routes towns company, shipping Line, has largest Greenland´s Royal Arctic Passenger traffic by A traffic Passenger Inaat/Ittoqqortoormiit. lusuk Nerlerit and Ku Narsarsuaq, Ilulissat, for Nuuk, bound of Reykjavik, out maintains routes Moreover, Connect for Iceland. Iceland Air Kulusuk and bound routes Greenland have Ilulissat Air Nuuk, Kangerlussuaq. air base American former is the Greenland maingateway The to helicopter routes. flight and all domestic as well as Iceland and Denmark international flight to routes maintains company, Greenland, airline Air major Greenland´s Helicopter traffic International trafficbyplane International Domestic trafficbyplane winter time. In summer,winter time. In are used. dinghy boats is covered by ice in sea the when transportation for local are used sleds dog and mobiles snow Greenland, East and of North districts outer the In NOR TH AN TH D EA 166,688 198,921 41,675 ir ST G ST 2015 Greenland has around 180-200 harbour -, harbour has 180-200 around Greenland pontoon system- and quay facilities, used quay used and facilities, system- pontoon by the fishing industry, and and fishingtranspor by the industry, for REENLAN tation of goods and passengers. passengers. and of goods tation 184,307 212,540 AIR 41,239 There are 13 and 43 and are 13There airports 2016 P OR helipads for the air for the helipads 184,133 214,103 27,064 TS AN TS D 2017 traffic. 192,905 218,590 D H 32,040 2018 AR B 172,291 237,855 32,263 OUR 2019 - S Airports, ASIAQ Source: Greenland -

Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland M permit. work and aresidence- citizenship need Danish Nordic or without sons tion, arbitration, and vacation worker´s compensation. Per for worker protec legislation extensive an and agreements wage organizations, employer and having employee- model market Scandinavian labour the follow al, Greenlandic the gener In fishermen. and huntsmen is mainly proportion large a settlements, In employees. as work people most towns, In of Greenland. Government the or in municipalities jobs market labour is public Greenlandic of the proportion A large Source: http://bank.stat.gl/AREBFB7 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/AREBFB7 L Public administrationandservice Business activities Transportation Activity notstated Other industries Hotels andrestaurants Wholesale Construction Electricity andwatersupply Manufacturing Mining andquarrying Fishing, hunting&agriculture Total ain employment by industry and nationality, 2018 nationality, and by industry employment ain abour Market

11,058 26,848 1,866 2,013 3,038 2,042 4,415 Total 467 369 818 441 227 95 Greenland 23,571 9,910 1,458 1,751 2,735 1,683 4,145 335 327 589 375 198 62 Number of main employed persons in average per month Numberofmainemployedpersonsinaveragepermonth Denmark 1,078 2,814 360 226 118 107 242 327 206 - - - 35 62 27 27 21 Other Nordic countries 102 13 23 25 12 10 2 5 3 5 1 1 2 than 60 per cent of employed women women cent of employed per than 60 are working in the public sector. For sector. public in For the are working Europe Around 40 per cent of all jobs are cent of all per jobs 40 Around men, fishing,men, hunting, agriculture found in the public sector. More sector.found public in More the and public administration and administration and public service are the most popular popular most are the service 12 19 12 63 3 3 6 2 2 2 3 - - PRO CH Africa choices. OI F

E 1 1 1 1 4 C ------SSION E O F America 20 4 1 9 1 2 1 1 1 - - - - Asia 113 272 19 14 53 51 8 3 6 4 1 - - Rebecca Gustafsson - Visit Greenland Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ARELED4 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ARELED4 Pct. U 12 15

0 3 6 9

nemployment rate by age and quarter, 2018 quarter, and by age rate nemployment

18-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54 55-59

4. quarter 3. quarter 2. quarter 1. quarter 60+ years 60+ 22 and the geographic dispersion, which limits mobility. limits which dispersion, geographic the and to climate due the in employment, variation seasonal large market labour is featurea Greenlandic in the distinct Another low. very rate is unemployment the educated, highly the average.al For cent nation per 5.8 the are below segments workforce other rate for all unemployment The school. primary from apart cent have per education, no 84 Around workers. of unskilled force work of has the proportion ahigh part unemployed The - Business

BUSINESS IN GREENLAND Greenland´s business life is dominated by large publicly owned The economic activity in Greenland is dominated by few large enterprises. The largest companies with industries. About 1/3 of the revenue generated by the com- a 100 per cent self-rule ownership are panies is created within the fisheries and fisheries-related in- A/S (fishing industry), dustry and trade. The other big industry is wholesale and re- KNI A/S (retail and oil business), tail, where revenue also accounts for just under a third of the A/S (shipping), total turnover of the companies. (air traffic) and Tele Greenland A/S The value added, which is created in the companies is great- (). est within the fishery, where it represents more than 1/3 of the total value added.

Turnover Value added 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DKK million DKK million Fishing and other related industries 4,685,662 5,729,736 6,977,154 6,224,469 6,494,871 1,740,032 2,386,148 2,882,822 2,525,500 2,695,476 Mining 141,135 122,029 86,640 97,166 99,172 39,649 -243,846 -135,965 -98,222 -55,167 Manufacturing 356,811 364,948 407,793 404,584 416,615 138,663 140,803 161,078 166,686 172,420 Construction 1,718,967 1,982,769 2,214,644 2,399,430 2,426,327 690,576 808,629 884,934 975,278 1,020,293 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 5,736,739 5,934,433 6,290,202 6,365,904 6,475,615 1,041,623 1,080,841 1,205,839 1,237,068 1,236,012 Transportation and storage 2,047,019 2,137,238 2,282,779 2,469,311 2,672,727 995,990 1,072,534 1,152,573 1,194,697 1,332,636 Accommodation and food service activities 300,788 341,176 399,271 424,461 431,151 146,834 162,518 192,068 199,066 198,380 Information and communication 1,055,651 1,080,767 1,141,759 1,125,630 1,099,730 615,817 599,084 690,124 641,502 615,166 Financial and insurance activities 559,968 542,528 554,137 606,680 489,460 173,316 242,127 214,466 367,728 309,676 Real estate activities 439,194 418,194 428,508 460,059 448,897 315,717 311,369 325,926 331,687 340,202 Professional, scientific and technical activities 261,156 249,701 256,411 284,336 292,288 159,742 152,732 170,767 187,068 187,422 Administrative and support service activities 342,034 481,276 490,809 524,143 475,415 129,076 153,687 144,413 165,458 180,157

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ESERESBAL, http://bank.stat.gl/ESENGL

23 Business structure

The dominant form of business in Greenland is the mode of operation proprietorship. Under this mode of operation are registered fishermen fishing in the coastal sea. The second most common mode of operation is other types of compa- nies.

About half of the total salary paid by the companies is paid by limited companies.

Filip Gielda - Visit Greenland

Number of enterprises 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Number of enterprises Percentage of salaries Proprietorship 2,872 2,778 2,970 2,886 2,974 15.1 14.8 16.3 13.6 13.9 Limited companies 151 138 137 134 136 50.0 50.2 48.8 49.6 54.0 Other types of companies 515 537 562 567 503 22.4 23.0 23.2 23.0 19.3 Funds etc. 177 176 173 172 163 10.1 9.6 9.2 9.9 9.9 Foreign branches 31 25 31 83 57 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.3 No information given 61 136 87 152 129 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.6 Total 3,807 3,790 3,960 3,994 3,962 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/ESE2A BUSINESS STATISTICS Business statistics is the basis for analysis of the business structure in Greenland. The focus is on Greenlandic companies outside public administration, defense and social insurance. This means that the company's share companies and government-controlled companies are included in the survey, but that large parts of the public sector are generally not included.

The main sources of business statistics are the employment and income registers, both pe- rived from Tax Agency data.

24 Fishing

Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland

Fishing is Greenland's single most important trade. Fishing for Total landings of fish and shellfish in prawns and Greenlandic halibut and some other species is coastal and offshore fishing, selected species regulated by quota and license regulations decided by the 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 government. Fishing comes in two breeds; coastal – and off- Tonnes shore fishing. Coastal fishing supplies land-based Shellfish, total 35.6 44.6 44.8 49.3 51.8 buyers, while the offshore fishing fleet primarily consists of Snow crab 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.7 factory vessels with on-board production. Northern prawn 33.8 42.6 42.6 46.6 49.1 Fish, total 69.7 80.6 72.4 66.9 66.1 The land based fishing industry is dominated by two compa- Chars - - - - - Greenland cod - - - - - nies; the government-owned Royal Greenland, and the pri- Wolffish 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 vate owned Polar Seafood. Royal Greenland is Greenland’s Greenland halibut 28.2 34.6 28.1 31.8 33.2 largest company. In the last couple of years, a number of pri- Other species - - - 0.1 0.1 vate seafood enterprises have appeared on the scene. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 Redfish 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 R. grenadier - - - - - Lumpfish 7.1 5.0 7.4 6.7 7.4 Atlantic cod 33.6 40.3 36.1 27.4 24.1

Source: http://bank.stat.gl/FIE001

25 Benjamin Hardman - Visit Greenland vessels, 1,900 dinghy boats, 1,900 dinghy boats, vessels, fishing fleet consists of 296 of consists fleet fishing 364 dog sleds and 643 643 and sleds dog 364 snow mobiles licensed licensed mobiles snow In 2019,In Greenland´s F I SH for fishing. IN G VE SS EL S S the Greenlandic sled dog. sled Greenlandic the of is enforced This to Greenland. prevent mix-breeding East and to North- Greenland West- from South and dogs move to permit Likewise, takes aspecial it Greenland. South and to West- moved to be permit tourism,and require aspecial for fishing, used hunting are primarily dogs the in which areas, sled Greenlandic East and North- the from dogs Greenlandic LE D DOGS international vessels, primarily on trawlers. shrimp on primarily vessels, international and Greenlandic on observers deploys (GFLK) authority trol sector, Con Greenland’s and Fishery fisheries in the authority legal the the EU.with has Greenland agreement eral fisheries has agen and Iceland and , Faroethe Islands, with agreements has bilateral trilateral or Greenland fisheries Source: http://bank.stat.gl/FIE008 fishing,Greenlandic offshore vessels by shellfish and fish of Total catch Greenland halibut Atlantic cod Capelin Atlantic halibut Haddock Herring Icelandic scallop Mixed fish Saithe Deep seaprawn Redfish Catfishes Blue whiting Mackerel Other species

2015 14.3 42.1 12.0 34.8 29.3 8.5 1.1 0.6 2.7 0.4 4.8 5.7 0.9 - - 2016 15.3 20.1 36.9 12.7 34.7 7.5 3.3 1.3 0.7 3.8 0.6 5.4 0.2 - -

Tonnes 2017 17.4 26.2 12.2 43.0 20.5 45.8 8.5 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 4.5 1.0 - -

2018 10.2 17.9 11.4 44.5 23.3 62.4 1.2 2.6 0.7 1.1 0.4 3.1 0.5 - - 2019 17,6 50.3 12.4 29.4 9.9 0.2 1.0 3.0 0.6 1.2 0.4 2.7 0.3 - - - - years of human history. years to 4,500 testify remains, which of prehistoric aplethora holds area The the islands and coast. of to fiords ing grounds, the hunt vast by Cape the Ice from the stretching scape, cultural is aunique land at Kangerlussuaq – Nipisat Aasivissuit UNE SC Numbers oflicense Source: http://bank.stat.gl/FIEBEVIS http://bank.stat.gl/FIEBEVIS Source: Hunting licenses hunting. for available of animals number the regulates system quota The by qouta. limited huntingwhen species needed is license aspecific tion, addi In recreational. and professional breeds; in two comes license to general hunt. for anyone, wants The who datory hunting is man license Ageneral permissions. and of seasons economy. to by Hunting is means ment regulated household supple Even today,ations. important an hunting provides away of life for gener in Greenland has been Huntsmanship H 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 O WORL untin 0 2013 Professional hunters Sports hunters D H ERI 2014 T A g G E 2015 2016 2017 - - 2018 - - - - 27 Catch of and birds birds and mammals of Catch regulations. enforce police hunting the the general, In quota-regulated. are not of species Anumber of dayulated by quota. means well. as Bird hunting ofSkin mammals land are is reg traded A/S. at Neqi are lamb butchered and Sheep others. among Royal and Greenland, at Lilleholm is traded ox reindeer and musk mammals, sea from Meat species. land important most only. musk and ox in Greenland are the consumed Reindeer are skin the and meat have hunting The quota. species of Anumber tannery. only country´s the by Greenland, Great is skin tanned seal cent of traded per 50 About districts. dog in sled fodder for dog used or is consumed meat the while ed, is skin usually trad seal role. The important an plays still Seal ice fishing fishingwinter.and in in summer dinghy do often will they from hunting. addition, living In usually don’t make afull hunting holders license Professional FIE004 andhttp://bank.stat.gl/FIEFANGST Source: http://bank.stat.gl/FIE002, http://bank.stat.gl/FIE003,http://bank.stat.gl/ canada goose,barnacle goose,shortnestgooseandptarmigan. der, kingeider, squaw, mallard,fulmar, theist, littleauk,black-leggedkitti,goose, rus. 3)Polarhare,reindeer, ,arcticfoxand polarbear. 4)Guillemot,ei ed dolphin,minkewhale,bowhead humpbackwhale,finwhaleandwal whale, narwhale,killerharbourporpoise, pilotwhale,atlanticwhite-sid 1) Ringedseal,harphoodedbearded sealandharbourseal.2)Beluga figures * Preliminary Seals 1) Birds 4) 2) Land mammals 3) Land mammals3) 148,503

366.22 25.15 2013 2.94 129,467 361.55 15.20 44.16 2014 Landings in tonnes Landingsintonnes Numbers of catches Numbersofcatches 121,057 344.49 16.40 42.47 2015 111,704 367.07 10.99 23.92 2016

102,918 329.02 2017* 8.14 3.65 42,663 335.12 2018* 5.05 1.78 - - - - -

Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland Agriculture

Aningaaq R Carlsen - Visit Greenland

Agriculture in Greenland is mainly based on sheep farming Over the last decades, sheep farms have become fewer and with summer grazing of sheep and lamb. A modest number bigger. Often two or three generations join forces on running of poultry, bees, horses and cattle are held, plus a few thou- a farm. sand domesticated reindeer. Winter feed for animals is grown, along with potatoes and vegetables for the home market. Upernaviarsuk is South Greenland´s experimental farm. Here, Agriculture exists almost only in the deep fiords of South an arctic climate test program is carried out for the most com- Greenland, due to the sub-arctic climate of this region. mon crops and winter feeds. Upernaviarsuk also runs an agri- cultural school, offering educations in sheep farming, produc- In a historical context, Greenlandic agriculture dates back to tion gardening and greenhouse gardening. the Late Viking Age, where Norse settlers colonized South- west Greenland in 986 and lived there up til mid 15th century. Farms by location In 1782, today’s sheep farming tradition was founded as a Narsaq Nanortalik Nuuk Numbers of farms hobby business in Igaliku, literally on the ancient Norse fields. Qaqortoq Paamiut 30 In 1924, the first full-scale farm was established at 's old settlement in Qassiarsuk. 25 Livestock 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Number of animals 20 Sheep 20,439 20,232 19,994 17,501 17,785 17,785 Tame reindeer 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 15 Cows 56 79 125 146 193 300 Horses 186 161 132 151 152 129 Fowls 182 215 191 165 168 189 0 Beehives - 4 4 6 6 - 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Source: Agricultural Consulting Services Source: Agricultural Consulting Services

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE The 350 sq. km cultural and agricultural landscape in South Greenland was inscribed as UN- ESCO World Heritage in 2017. Kujataa consists of five areas around the Tunulliarfik and Igaliku Fiords.

28 Tourism

Aningaaq R Carlsen - Visit Greenland

Tourists enter Greenland by cruise ship or international flights Numbers of flight and cruise passengers by season into Ilulissat, Kangerlussuaq, Nuuk, Narsarsuaq, Kulusuk or 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Nerlerit Inaat in Ittoqqortoormiit. Inside Greenland, travelling International flights passengers* usually means a combination of flight and ship. Cruise season Winter 1) 10,424 10,841 11,733 12,107 12,707 12,677 generally runs from spring to fall. Outdoor tourism peaks in Spring 2) 13,327 14,695 17,617 16,259 17,205 17,547 the summer season, but maintains some activity in winter as Summer 3) 35,212 38,743 41,743 41,802 42,495 42,369 Autumn 4) 14,000 16,583 18,122 19,724 20,270 20,242 well. Cruise passengers Winter 1) ------Spring 2) 293 163 562 185 156 89 Summer 3) 13,594 15,791 17,089 22,991 28,657 33,809 Autumn 4) 6,327 9,095 6,593 15,006 16,926 12,735

Note: Numbers include residents in Greenland. 1) December, January and February 2) March, April and May 3) June, July and August 4) September, October and November. Source: http://bank.stat.gl/TUEUPAX and http://bank.stat.gl/TUEKRP Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland

29 In 2019, a total of 92,835 flight passengers travelled out of Hotel guests by nationality Greenland. About 34 per cent of these were Greenland resi- 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 dents. Number of guests Greenland 48,934 57,501 60,957 57,163 54,107 Accommodation standards differ; from hotels to bed and Nordic countries 22,281 23,918 24,768 23,037 30,884 breakfasts in towns, to private accommodation in settle- Germany 2,958 2,440 3,180 2,945 3,293 ments. Camping is an option too, though it requires prepara- France 660 748 1,291 1,672 1,451 tion. Italy 391 365 550 528 405 The Netherlands 247 253 337 324 410 Great Britain 1,259 1,595 1,830 1,320 1,099 Rest of Europa 1,944 2,035 3,477 4,188 3,294 USA 2,372 2,767 2,192 2,677 2,600 Japan 517 583 431 307 291 THE WORLD’S LARGEST NATIONAL PARK Canada 513 716 932 906 685 The World´s largest National Park is North East Other countries 4,866 3,301 3,496 2,820 3,443 Greenland, with an area of 972,000 km². The Unknown 283 - 4,177 3,413 3,718 only residents are the Sirius dog sled special Source: http://bank.stat.gl/TUEHOT force and weather stations staff. The area has the predominant part of cruise tour- ism and hotel stays, and is the best developed tourism market in Greenland. It also has the highest number of tourism oper- ators. The Kangerlussuaq and Narsarsuaq airports were built as American WWII military airports, and later on given to UNESCO Greenland. They are located far inland, where weather is WORLD HERITAGE more stable. This makes them good hubs for outdoor tour- The Ilulissat Icefiord (Sermeq ism. Kulusuk in East Greenland has many one-day visits from Kujalleq) has been UNESCO World Iceland. East Greenland is also a popular destination for ad- Heritage since 2004. It is the size of vanced outdoor tourists. A few outdoor tourists dare venture 66,000 soccer fields. Every day it across the Ice Cap, usually between Kangerlussuaq and produces an amount of ice equal Tasiilaq. This requires a special permit from the government. to New York´s yearly water consumption.

30 INCOME AND TAX IN GREENLAND In Greenland, residents pay 42-44 per cent tax, depending on the Income . Base tax credit is 4,833 DKK monthly.

In settlements, income level is considerably lower than in Average gross income by educational background, 2018 towns. However, the size of this difference depends on the Higher education Upper secondary education DKK municipality. The difference in average gross income between Vocational education Primary school settlements and towns is most significant in Kommuneqarfik 600,000 Sermersooq. Here, the average income of a Nuuk resident is 500,000 more than twice the average income of a settlement resident. 400,000

300,000 Average personal income by place of residence and municipality, 2018 Gross income DKK 200,000 Town Settlement 100,000 350,000

300,000 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 74 + years 250,000 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/INEP8 200,000 150,000 The income inequality in Greenland is higher than the Nordic 100,000 average. 50,000 0 Greenland Kommune Komm. Qeqqata Avannaata Gini coefficient of disposable income, 2018 total Kujalleq Sermersooq Kommunia Kommunia Kommunia 35 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/INEP1 30

In 2018, men had an average gross income of 288,000 DKK, 25 while women held an average gross income of 220,000 DKK. 20 Hence, on a national level the average man had an income 31 per cent higher than the average woman. However, men are 15 overrepresented in the typical economically active groups, 0 and women are overrepresented in the oldest age groups. Norway Iceland Denmark EU Greenland This may in part cause the difference in income. Note: A Gini-coefficient of 0 represents a perfectly equal distribution, while a Gini-coefficient of 100 represents a perfectly unequal distribution. Source: Eurostat and http://bank.stat.gl/INEF1 In Greenland, income correlates with education level. When the level of education increases, the level of income increases as well.

31 Prices

Price is a measure for living costs. The indexes are primarily CONSUMER PRICE TRENDS used to track development in inflation. The consumer price Consumer prices have been slightly increasing in recent years, index is a measure of actual prices paid by consumers for with yearly increases from 0 to 2 per cent. goods and services. It mirrors the sum of changes in consum- er prices, including those caused by changes in taxes, duties The population´s actual spending power is called purchasing and subsidies. Hence, it is a compound expression of pure power or real income. Spending power is closely related to market changes and legislative price changes. the balance between income level and price level. Real in- come increases if income growth is higher than price growth. Consumer price index and sub-indices (Jan. 2008=100) Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Real income trends 2010=100 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Incomes Consumer price 125 index, total 105.0 112.0 115.3 118.4 119.4 123.0 120 Food and beverages 111.0 119.7 123.5 130.7 135.3 139.4 115 Prices Alcohol and tobacco 105.6 108.5 112.5 115.3 117.0 128.3 110 Clothing and footwear 101.8 99.9 100.1 94.9 94.0 94.2 105 Gross rent (dwelling) 105.9 124.4 130.6 132.8 125.7 127.3 100 Real income Furniture, 95 household, 90 equipment etc. 111.5 113.9 119.5 124.1 120.3 120.9 85 Medical care and health expenses 106.2 121.5 121.0 125.4 127.8 127.8 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Transportation 104.9 109.7 116.0 120.9 123.1 123.6

Communication 95.0 95.2 88.8 87.5 87.7 87.9 Source: Statistics Greenland Recreation and entertainment etc. 99.3 95.2 94.4 96.8 102.7 104.8 Restaurants and hotels 101.1 110.2 114.4 116.9 121.5 131.2 Miscellaneous goods and services 98.4 103.2 105.9 107.3 111.2 113.8 GREENLANDIC PRICES IN NORDIC PERSPECTIVE Source: http://bank.stat.gl/PREPRISV Greenland´s price levels are above the Nordic average, and at par with prices in Norway. It’s around 6 per cent higher than in Denmark.

32 Foreign Trade

Greenland has a one-sided production and demands a wide Trade balance DKK Million range of goods, which necessitates extensive foreign trading. Import Export Trade balance Apart from fishing and hunting, Greenland has a very limited 2,000 domestic production of commodities. This causes import to 1,500 include more or less all goods necessary in households, busi- 1,000 nesses and institutions. As the majority of Greenland´s ex- ports consist of fish and shellfish, Greenland is very depend- 500 ent on the fishing sector and the international buyer prices. 0 -500 The fishing industry provides 93 per cent of Greenland´s ex- -1,000 port. The most important species are: Cod fish, Greenland halibut, mackerel, crab and prawn. q1 q2 q3 q4 q1 q2 q3 q4 q1 q2 q3 q4 2017 2018 2019 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/IEEBALMND Trade balance is a measure of export value minus import val- ue of goods.

Values of import and export by SITC 2017 2018* 2019* Import Export Import Export Import Export DKK 1,000 Total 4,954,758 3,871,753 5,294,145 4,057,653 4,984,037 5,207,917 Provisions and livestock 876,465 3,483,707 887,512 3,753,977 926,817 5,067,924 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 148,959 29 153,626 67 175,342 56 Raw materials, inedible 50,033 3,476 40,009 4,605 36,937 7,882 Mineral fuels and lubricants etc. 740,077 9 882,516 2 866,220 4 Animal or vegetable fats and oils 4,093 - 4,055 - 5,422 - Chemicals and chemical products 267,318 145 273,267 143 278,278 197 Manufactured products mainlysemi-manufactured products 749,924 6,287 627,606 13,285 704,632 5,699 Machinery and transport equipment 1,477,618 235,614 1,703,308 148,760 1,255,547 5,512 Manufactured products 541,498 18,718 572,210 11,818 603,183 11,720 Miscellaneous articles and transactions 98,773 123,768 150,035 124,994 131,659 108,924

* Preliminary figures Source: http://bank.stat.gl/IEESITC

33 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/OFEFUNK Source: http://bank.stat.gl/OFEFUNK E accounted. are Greenland at in or held expenses only guidelines, international pliance with In com the Denmark. by of State directly financed and aged still man centralThe includes activities government sector year. law every ation appropri the through negotiated are finances government al gener State The the and of Denmark. sector self-government sector, municipal the the sectors; of three consists ernment gov general the Greenland In services. and of administration government general the in activities of finances consist Public Note:  Pu Social protection Education and religion Recreation, culture Health community amenities Housing and protection Total Defence General publicservices Public order andsafety Environmental Economic affairs xpenditures in general government, 2018 government, general in xpenditures which meansthattransfers betweenthesubsectorsareeliminated. The inventory of General government total is consolidated, ofGeneralgovernment totalisconsolidated, The inventory b

lic F lic

ment total General govern 11,542 3,099 2,038 1,658 1,605 1,142 inances 470 188 218 215 909 - - Munici­ palities DKK million DKKmillion 2,869 5,566 977 210 109 172 873 300 56 - - ernment Selfgov

1,149 1,658 7,003 2,175 852 264 755 79 68 2 - -

government Central Central 1,209 215 850 54 89 -1 2 ------

34 R fees.or user through duties are financed ever, services some Danish How the from state. grants block and taxes through are financed mainly expenditures Public enterprises. and for of charge citizens free are available services public Most wealth. and income redistribute and services non-market vide clude and authorities institutions, which predominantly pro in services and of administration government general The Source: http://bank.stat.gl/OFEREAI transfers, total income, wealthetc. and imports Revenue, total Other income Other income Current taxeson Other capitaltransfers from quasi-corporations of income Withdrawal Gross operatingsurplus Taxes onproduction Interest etc. evenue of general government, 2018 government, general of evenue

ment total govern General 12,753 5,383 5,036 1,201 621 425 86 - -

Munici palities DKK million DKKmillion 2,226 3,278 5,909 316 37 10 42 - - ernment Selfgov 4,187 1,758 1,201 7,871

293 384 48 - - government Central Central 1,197 1,209 12 ------

Filip Gielda - Visit Greenland Source: http://bank.stat.gl/NRE10 Source: http://bank.stat.gl/NRE10 figures * Preliminary Trends in GDP Trends in take in place Greenland’s which economy. actions, of financialtrans number immense of the overview an obtain to possible be not would it which without classifications, and of definitions is aset system Accounts economy. National The of Greenland’s overall an picture provide accounts National ments and exports. and ments invest consumption, gross consumption, government hold of form house in the demand and (GDP), imports production of form Greenlandic in the supply the shows supply and mand for economy. Greenland´s of balance de main results The the key show accounts annual the The figures for national N Annual real growth Annual growth in Per capita,1,000DKK Per capita,1,000DKK in percent per cent GDP, millionDKK GDP, millionDKK ational A

14,019 15,080 2013 -1.3 -0.2 249 268 14,684 15,951 2014 2010-prices, chained values 2010-prices,chainedvalues 261 283 4.7 5.8 Current prices 14,312 16,814 ccounts 2015 -2.5 254 299 5.4 14,983 18,224 2016 268 326 4.7 8.4

15,053 18,664 2017* 270 334 0.5 2.4

15,537 19,270 2018* 278 345 3.2 3.2 - - - - 35 es the real economic growth. realeconomic the es (chained in real GDP values)opment express Accordingly, devel the developments. price for (chained prices adjusted values) have been in constant accounts National rent prices. (chained prices values)constant cur from and from calculated are Accounts National The GDP - - -

Melody Adams - Visit Greenland Supply and demand Real growth in GDP in Greenland, 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018* Nordic countries and OECD countries Current prices, mio. DKK Pct. 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 8 Gross Domestic product 15,080 15,951 16,814 18,224 18,664 19,270 7 Imports of goods and services 8,778 7,755 7,654 8,214 8,207 8,675 6 Supply 23,857 23,706 24,468 26,438 26,871 27,945 5 Household consumption 6,418 6,652 6,677 6,828 6,879 6,978 4 Government consumption 7,216 7,312 7,432 7,717 8,037 8,504 3 Gross investment 4,538 3,605 4,040 4,464 4,322 4,595 2 Exports of goods and 1 services 5,685 6,137 6,319 7,429 7,634 7,868 0 Final demand 23,857 23,706 24,468 26,438 26,871 27,945 -1 Period to period real growth in per cent -2 Gross Domestic product -1.3 4.7 -2.5 4.7 0.5 3.2 -3 Imports of goods and Greenland Denmark Iceland Norway Sweden Finland OECD- services -6.6 -11.5 1.7 11.0 -3.1 5.7 countries Supply -3.4 -1.2 -1.1 6.7 -0.6 4.0 Source: OECD.org Household consumption -1.1 0.7 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 Government consumption 4.1 -0.2 -0.6 1.8 2.3 1.8 Gross investment -20.7 -21.9 10.2 10.9 -0.7 12.3 National accounts are compiled according to international Exports of goods and guidelines which make them comparable between countries. services 2.4 11.8 -9.9 15.2 -5.4 4.2 The figure below demonstrates the real economic develop- Final demand -3.4 -1.2 -1.1 6.7 -0.6 4.0 ment in Greenland and in the other Nordic countries. * Preliminary figures Source: http://bank.stat.gl/NRE11

36 Key Figures

Geography Location The world’s largest non-continental island, located on Animal life Fish, seals, , whales, polar bears, arctic foxes, arctic the North American continent between the wolves, reindeer, musk oxen, Greenland collared lemmings, and the North , north east of Canada. The snow hares, and a rich bird life which comprises some northernmost point of Greenland, Oodaap Qeqertaa, is 50 breeding species. Livestock in South Greenland are only 706 km from the North Pole. The southernmost point following, sheep, tame reindeer, cows, horses, dogs and is Cape Farewell which is at about the same latitude as fowls. In North Greenland dogsleds are used for hunting Oslo in Norway and fishing purposes Geography Greenland dominates the North Atlantic between North National parks The national park of Greenland comprises approximately America and Europe. The population lives in towns and 972,000 km2 in the north eastern part of the country small settlements along the coast but close to one third Area conservation Approximately 20,000 km2 at and Sarfartooq of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk acts (The Paradise Valley) by Maniitsoq are under conservation Geographical 72 00 N, 40 00 W (the geographical centre of Greenland) acts. The , Aasivissuit – Nipisat and Kujataa coordinates landscapes are UNESCO world heritage Area 2,166,086 km2 (the largest island in th the world – 12 largest country in the world) Population Ice-free area 410,449 km2 Population 56,081 (Jan. 2020) Coastline 44,087 km Density 0.14 per km2 of ice-free area (Jan. 2020) Geographic extent North-South 2,670 km, East-West 1,050 km Population in the Nuuk: 18,326 (Jan. 2020) Highest point Gunnbjørn Fjeld 3,700 m in East Greenland capital Terrain The flat, gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, Population in towns 48,985 (Jan. 2020) mountainous, barren, rocky coast. The ice cap is up to Population in 6,879 (Jan. 2020) 3 km thick and contains 10 per cent of the world's settlements resources of fresh water Population growth 0.02 per cent (2020) Climate Arctic to subarctic; cool winters and cold summers in which rate the mean temperature does not normally exceed 10° C (the traditional definition of ) Death rate, total 9.79 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants (2019) Mean temperature, Nuuk -6.4° C, Kangerlussuaq -19.0° C, Net migration -299 (2019) January Ilulissat -12.9° C, Kulusuk -5.9° C (2019) Infant mortality rate, 6.1 deaths per 1,000 live births (2018) Mean temperature, Nuuk 8.1° C, Kangerlussuaq 12.2° C, total July Ilulissat 10.3° C, Kulusuk 7.4° C (2019) Life expectancy Women 73.04, men 68.32 (2015/2019) Natural resources Zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, Fertility rate 2.08 per woman aged 15-49 years (2019) platinum, uranium, copper, nickel, rare earth metals, Demonym Noun: Greenlander(s). Adjective: Greenlandic hydropower and possibly oil and gas Ethnic groups Born in Greenland: 89.5 per cent. Born outside Greenland: Plant life Low-growing mountain and tundra plants, mosses, lichens, 10.5 per cent (Jan. 2020) heather, crowberry, bog, whortleberry, and dwarf birch Religions The majority of the population is evangelical lutherans Languages Greenlandic (Kalaallisut), Danish

37 Government Government type Parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy Unemployment rate 5.8 per cent on average per month of permanent residents Dependency status Part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Home-rule since 1979. aged 18-65 (2018) Self-governing region since 2009 Budget Income DKK 12.8 billion. Expenditure DKK 11.5 billion Capital Nuuk including capital expenditure of DKK 1.0 billion (2018) National holiday 21 June (the longest day of the year) Industries (mainly prawns & Greenland halibut), handi- crafts, hides and skins, small shipyards, tourism and mining Legal system Danish Electricity - 356 GWh (2018) Suffrage 18 years of age; universal consumption Membership of the EU From January 1 1973 to February 1 1985 Agriculture - products Sheep, cows and reindeer Head of state HMS Queen Margrethe II of Denmark Exports 7,868 DKK million (2018) Head of government Kim Kielsen (Siumut) Exports - commodities Provisions and livestock Legislative branch Inatsisartut (the parliament with 31 seats) Exports - partners Denmark, Portugal Judiciary Kredsret/Court of Greenland, Imports 8,675 DKK million (2018) High Court of Greenland and Supreme Court of Denmark Imports Machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, The Greenlandic flag The sun (red) ascending over the horizon and - commodities provisions and livestock, petroleum products the ice cap (white) in the flag´s upper half, mirrored in opposite colors in the lower half Imports - partners EU (primarily Denmark and Sweden) Block grant 3,857.3 DKK (2019) and 3,911.3 DKK (2020) million in subsidies from Denmark Economy Currency Danish Kroner (DKK) GDP DKK 15,537 million (provisional figure 2018) Exchange rates USD 100 = DKK 601.01, GDP - real growth rate 3.2 per cent from 2017 to 2018 (provisional figure) EUR 100 = DKK 745.13 (April 1, 2020) Average gross income 1st decile: DKK 47,954. 10th decile: DKK 1,448,733 and per household Average: DKK 482,951 (2018) Communications Inflation rate 1.3 per cent (consumer prices) (July 2018 - July 2019) Telephones - landlines 8,064 (2018) Labour force 27,231 permanent residents, aged 18-65 Telephones - mobiles 62,599 (2018) (monthly average 2018) Country calling code 299 Television broadcast Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa (national television) and stations some local television stations Newspapers Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten (AG) and Sermitsiaq

Transportation Railways 0 km Ports and harbours 180-200 harbour -, pontoon- and quay facilities Airports 13 airports, 43 helipads Sources: CIA World Factbook, Greenland Airports, TELE Greenland and Statistics Greenland

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The statistical bank at http://bank.stat.gl offers comprehensive information on a number of statistical areas: · Businesses · Criminal offenses · Education · Energy · Fisheries and catch · Foreign trade · Greenlanders in Denmark · Health · Income · Labour market · National accounts · Population · Prices · Public finances · Short term trends · Social benefits · Tobacco and alcohol · Tourism

39 The World’s Largest Island

Greenland is a mountainous country and the largest island of Largest distances the world with a total area of 2,166,086 km2. Of this area, 81 North to south: 2,670 km per cent is covered with ice, while the rest is ice-free. The fur- East to west: 1,050 km ther to north, the colder, drier, and less windy it is. July is the Coastline 44,087 km warmest month while February and March are the coldest. Highest point Gunnbjørn Fjeld: 3,700 m

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Statistics Greenland · Telephone +299 34 57 70 · [email protected] · www.stat.gl