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Bayer Corporation has long been committed to improving science education and formally created its Making Science Make Sense® (MSMS) program in 1995. MSMS is an award-winning initiative that OF THE ELEMENTS advances science literacy through hands-on, inquiry- based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education.

Hundreds of employee-volunteers at Bayer sites across the country engage students in hands-on, inquiry-based science learning during classroom and extra-curricular programs. Many of these sites also are part of a nationwide network of education and corporate partners who are reforming the way science is taught and learned at the elementary school level.

As a science and research-based company, Bayer Corporation has a solid stake in helping to ensure that today's students are well prepared for tomorrow's workplace, regardless of the careers they choose. Bayer’s commitment stems from the fact that new ® technologies, concepts and increasing global market Making Science Make Sense is a Bayer initiative that advances science literacy through competition will continue to demand a workforce that hands-on, inquiry-based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education. is flexible, scientifically literate and equipped with the critical-thinking, problem-solving and team working MakingScienceMakeSense.com skills fostered by a quality science education.

www.facebook.com/Bayer @BayerUS @BayerUS www.youtube.com/user/BayerChannel www.pinterest.com/BayerUS

rev. 9/15 Bayer Corporation has long been committed to PERIODIC TABLE improving science education and formally created its Making Science Make Sense® (MSMS) program in 1995. MSMS is an award-winning initiative that OF THE ELEMENTS advances science literacy through hands-on, inquiry- based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education.

Hundreds of employee-volunteers at Bayer sites across the country engage students in hands-on, inquiry-based science learning during classroom and extra-curricular programs. Many of these sites also are part of a nationwide network of education and corporate partners who are reforming the way science is taught and learned at the elementary school level.

As a science and research-based company, Bayer Corporation has a solid stake in helping to ensure that today's students are well prepared for tomorrow's workplace, regardless of the careers they choose. Bayer’s commitment stems from the fact that new ® technologies, concepts and increasing global market Making Science Make Sense is a Bayer initiative that advances science literacy through competition will continue to demand a workforce that hands-on, inquiry-based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education. is flexible, scientifically literate and equipped with the critical-thinking, problem-solving and team working MakingScienceMakeSense.com skills fostered by a quality science education.

www.facebook.com/Bayer @BayerUS @BayerUS www.youtube.com/user/BayerChannel www.pinterest.com/BayerUS

rev. 9/15 1 18

H ® He

Hydrogen 1 2 o Rocket fuel PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS o Balloons, blimps o Hydrogenation of fats o Diving bell atmosphere o Petroleum desulphurization o Lasers, leak detectors o Water, ammonia o Nuclear plant coolant x 1.0079 x 4.00260 2 13 14 15 16 17 Used as: Appearance in nature: At room temperature the element is: Li Be B C N O F Ne Unshaded Shaded Half-Shaded Black Gas Lithium 3 4 5 6 7 Oxygen 8 Fluorine 9 10 o Pacemaker batteries o X-ray tube windows Name and v Regulator in nuclear plants o Diamonds, pencils o Cryogenic surgery o Combustion v enrichment o Neon lights + Alloys used in space + Watch springs El v Tennis rackets o Tire colorant, steel o Coolant (liquid nitrogen) o Steel production v Refrigerator coolants o Fog lights v Lubricant additive + Spark-free tools Liquid v Heat-resistant glass o Controls nuclear reactions o Ammonia production o Water purification v Toothpaste additives o TV tubes, lasers v Glass and pharmaceuticals x 9.01218 Elemental Form Light Blue v Eye disinfectant v Plastics, life v Rocket fuels v Sand, water, cement v Teflon o Voltage detectors x 6.941 x 10.81 x 12.011 x 14.0067 x 15.9994 x 18.9984 x 20.179 Alloy, Blend or Mixture Element 00 Compound Compound Form Element Form Sometimes Compound Form o ...... Dark Blue Natural solid Raw Material For + ...... v ...... Na Mg Atomic Weight / ...... Al Si P S Cl Ar Indicates Most x ( )...... Visit our interactive periodic table at MakingScienceMakeSense.com Man-made solid Sodium 11 Magnesium 12 Stable Green Aluminum 13 Silicon 14 Phosphorus 15 Sulfur 16 17 18 o Street lights o Flash bulbs o Window frames, doorknobs o Microchips, solar cells o Fireworks, matches o Matches, fireworks o Water purification o Lightbulbs + control + Airplanes, racing bikes o Tube, cable, foil v Tools v Fertilizers, detergents o Batteries v Bleach, o Gas discharge tubes + Batteries v Bricks for fireplaces Copyright: Assn. of the Dutch Chemical Industry o Fireworks, flash bulbs v Quartz, cement, glass v Toothpaste o Vulcanization of rubber v Plastics (PVC) o Lasers, geiger counters v Kitchen salt, soda, glass v Pigments, fillers + Cars, rackets, planes v Silicon greases and oils v Pesticides v Permanent wave lotion v Stain removers o Welding blanket gas x 22.9898 x 24.305 x 26.9815 x 28.0855 x 30.9738 x 32.06 x 35.453 x 39.948 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

K Ca Sc Ti V CR Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Potassium 19 20 Scandium 21 Titanium 22 Vanadium 23 24 Manganese 25 Iron 26 Cobalt 27 Nickel 28 Copper 29 30 Gallium 31 Germanium 32 Arsenic 33 Selenium 34 Bromine 35 Krypton 36 v Fertilizer o Metallurgy o Leak detectors o Heat exchanger + Construction materials o Plating for car parts + Steel for rail switches o Bikes, cars, bridges o Gamma radiation source o Coins o Cable, wire o Corrosion resistant coating o Quartz thermometers o Infrared prisms o Shotgun pellets o Light meter v Tear gas o Fluorescent bulbs v Glass, lenses + Cable insulation, batteries + Space industry materials + Airplane motors + Tools + Tools, knives + Tools, axles o Magnets, machines + Razor blades + Knives, forks, spoons + Pennies, bronze sculpture o Batteries, gutters v Computer memory o Reflector in projectors + for mirrors o Copy machines v Fire retardants o Flash bulbs v Matches, gun powder v Fertilizer v Seed germinating agents + Bone pins + Springs v Lasers, camouflage paints v Safes, plows + Nails, tools + Permanent magnet + Crucibles, white + Statue of Liberty + Water and gas valves v Transistors, laser diodes o Wide-angle lenses v Glass, lasers o Solar cells v Disinfectants o Wavelength standard v Salt substitute v Concrete, Plaster of Paris x 44.9559 v Pigments for paint and paper + Jet engines v Stereo, videotapes v Batteries + Tin cans v Catalytic converters v Rechargeable batteries + Bells, carillons v White pigments in rubber v Used to locate tumors + Dentistry v Light emitting diodes = LED v Anti-dandruff shampoos v Photographic film v UV lasers x 39.0983 x 40.08 x 47.88 x 50.9415 x 51.996 x 54.9380 x 55.847 x 58.9332 x 58.69 x 63.546 x 65.39 x 69.72 x 72.59 x 74.9216 x 78.96 x 79.904 x 83.80

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Rubidium 37 38 Yttrium 39 Zirconium 40 41 42 43 Ruthenium 44 Rhodium 45 Palladium 46 47 Cadmium 48 Indium 49 Tin 50 Antimony 51 Tellurium 52 Iodine 53 Xenon 54 o Photoelectric cells v Nuclear batteries in buoys v Color TV screens o Nuclear fuel rods + Cutting tools o Filament in electric heaters o Radiation source for o Eye Treatment o Headlight reflectors o Catalytic converters o Mirrors, batteries o Rechargeable batteries o Solar cells, mirrors + Cups and plates + Solder, type for printing o Percussion caps o Disinfectant o UV lamps, sun lamps o Gas scavenger in v Beta radiation source v Radar, lasers o Catalytic converters + Pipelines + Rocket motors medical research o Thickness meters for eggshells o Telephone relays o Hydrogen separation + Silverware o Plating of screws, bolts + Regulator in nuclear power + Coins + batteries, bearings o Vulcanization of rubber o lamps o Paint testers vacuum tubes v Phosphorescent paint v Camera lenses + Percussion caps + Super magnets v Lubricants x (98) + Fountain pen point + Fountain pen point + Dental crowns v Photographic film and paper + Regulator in nuclear reactors v Photo cells, transistors + Organ pipes v Infrared detectors o Battery plate protector v Ink pigments o Protection lamps o Heart muscle research v Fireworks v Fireproof bricks v Furnace bricks + Welding rods o Source of radio + Electrical contacts + Electrical contacts + Telephone relays v Photosensitive glass v Red and yellow pigments v Blood and lung research v Opalescent glass, enamel v Mascara + Electrical resistors v Salt additive o Electronic flashes x 85.4678 x 87.62 x 88.9059 x 91.224 x 92.9064 x 95.94 x 101.07 x 102.91 x 106.42 x 107.868 x 112.41 x 114.82 x 118.71 x 121.75 x 127.60 x 126.905 x 131.29

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Cesium 55 56 Lanthanum 57 Hafnium 72 Tantalum 73 Tungsten 74 Rhenium 75 Osmium 76 Iridium 77 78 Gold 79 80 81 Lead 82 83 84 85 86 o Photoelectric cells + Spark plugs + Lighter flints o Nuclear submarines o Condensers o Welding electrode + Oven filaments + Decorations o Cancer irradiation o Catalyst for o Precious metal o Barometers, thermometers + Thermometer filling o Radiation protection o Catalyst in rubber protection o Nuclear batteries - Radioactive and essentially o Earthquake prediction o Gamma radiation source + Gas scavenger in + Battery electrodes o Controls nuclear reactions + Vacuum tube filaments o Lamp filaments, TV + Jewelry plating + Compass needles + Hypodermic needle production + Jewelry o Street lights v Infrared detectors + Roof coverings, batteries + Fuses o source unavailable in nature. o Health threat in homes o Atomic clock vacuum tubes v Catalytic converters o Gas scavenger in + Cutting tools + Rocket nozzles + Electrodes + Fountain pen points + Standard one meter bar o Crucibles + Electrical contacts + Dental fillings v Heart muscle research + Solders, ammunition + Sprinklers o Antistatic agents - Not possible to make other built on granite o Infrared lamps v Fireworks v Camera lenses vacuum tubes + Weights v Cutting and boring tools + Thermocouples + Clock bearings + Helicopter Spark plugs + Dental crowns + Dental crowns v Seed protection v Insecticides v Gasoline additives v Glass, ceramics o Film cleaner than in a nuclear reactor. - Seldom found in nature. x 132.905 v Fluorescent Lamps x 138.906 x 178.49 x 180.948 x 183.85 x 186.207 x 190.2 x 192.22 v Anti-tumor agents x 196.967 x 200.59 x 204.383 x 207.2 x 208.980 x (209) x (210) x (222) x 137.33 x 195.08

Fr Ra Ac Rf DB Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo

Francium 87 Radium 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 Ununtrium 113 114 Ununpentium 115 116 Ununseptium 117 Ununoctium 118

- An intensely radioactive v Neutron source o Neutron source - A - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - Currently has no use outside - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element - A synthetic element metal found in uranium v Glow-in-the-dark paint - Dangerously radioactive that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in of basic research. that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in that is not present in minerals–but usually made x (226) and found naturally in the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. x (272) the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. the environment. from radium in nuclear uranium ores. x (261) x (262) x (266) x (264) x (269) x (268) x (271) - Used only in research. - Used only in research. - Used only in research. - Used only in research. - Used only in research. - Used only in research. - Used only in research. reactors. x 227.028 x (285) x (284) x (289) x (288) x (293) x (292) x (294) x (223)

Ce: Cerium 58 Pr: Praseodymium 59 Nd: Neodymium 60 Pm: 61 Sm: 62 Eu: 63 Gd: Gadolinium 64 Tb: 65 Dy: Dysprosium 66 Ho: Holmium 67 Er: Erbium 68 Tm: 69 Yb: 70 Lu: Lutetium 71

+ Lighter flints + Lighter flints + Permanent magnets v Nuclear batteries v Ceramic condensers v Color TV tubes + Chromium steel v X-ray screens + Airplane metal - A rare earth metal found in + Vanadium steel - A rare earth metal found in - A silvery metal more - A silvery white rare earth + Catalytic converters + Permanent magnets + Coloring for spectacles v Thickness meters v Permanent magnets v X-ray screens + Permanent magnets v Fluorescent lamps v Optical memory monazite, gadolinite and v Glass coloring minerals, such as monazite. abundant than tin but metal used mostly for v Kluge lights v Search lights v Ceramic condensers x (145) v Neutron scavenger v Mercury lamps v X-ray tubes x 158.925 v Permanent magnets other minerals. x 167.26 x (168.934) mostly used for research. research. Lanthanoid Series v Fluorescent tubes v Ceramic coloring v Glass for lasers and lenses v Masers v Neutron scavenger v Computer memory v Lasers + Magnets (alloys are used in) x 173.04 x 174.967 x 140.12 x 140.908 x 144.24 x 150.36 x 151.96 x 157.25 x 162.50 x 164.930

Th: 90 Pa: 91 U: Uranium 92 Np: 93 Pu: 94 Am: 95 Cm: 96 Bk: 97 Cf: 98 Es: 99 Fm: 100 Md: 101 No: 102 Lr: 103

o Coating on filament wire - A highly toxic and radioactive o Breeder reactor fuel - A radioactive rare earth v Nuclear batteries - pacemakers v Crystal research - A radioactive rare earth - A radioactive rare earth - A radioactive metal made in - A radioactive rare earth metal - A radioactive rare earth metal - A radioactive rare earth metal named - A radioactive rare earth metal named - A man-made element of which only v Fuel for breeder reactors rare earth metal. o Nuclear reactor fuel metal named for the v Nuclear reactor fuel v Smoke detectors metal made in nuclear metal obtained from nuclear reactors from plutonium. named after Albert Einstein. obtained only in millionth-of-a- after , father of the after Alfred Nobel, who discovered a few have ever been created - One of the rarest and most reactors from plutonium. plutonium in nuclear - Used mainly for cancer research. - Made from plutonium in nuclear gram quantities in nuclear Periodic Table. dynamite. by bombarding californium with Actinoid Series v Gaslight mantles + Gyro compasses planet Neptune. v Film cleaner v Glass thickness meters - Created by bombarding einsteinium - Made by bombarding californium boron. v Crucibles expensive naturally occurring v Glass coloring x (237) x (244) v Neutron source x (247) reactors. v Neutron source reactors. reactors. elements. x (251) x (252) x (257) with helium. with carbon. x ( 262) x 232.038 x (243) x (247) x ( 258) x ( 259) x 231.036 x 238.029 Bayer Corporation has long been committed to PERIODIC TABLE improving science education and formally created its Making Science Make Sense® (MSMS) program in 1995. MSMS is an award-winning initiative that OF THE ELEMENTS advances science literacy through hands-on, inquiry- based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education.

Hundreds of employee-volunteers at Bayer sites across the country engage students in hands-on, inquiry-based science learning during classroom and extra-curricular programs. Many of these sites also are part of a nationwide network of education and corporate partners who are reforming the way science is taught and learned at the elementary school level.

As a science and research-based company, Bayer Corporation has a solid stake in helping to ensure that today's students are well prepared for tomorrow's workplace, regardless of the careers they choose. Bayer’s commitment stems from the fact that new ® technologies, concepts and increasing global market Making Science Make Sense is a Bayer initiative that advances science literacy through competition will continue to demand a workforce that hands-on, inquiry-based science learning, employee volunteerism and public education. is flexible, scientifically literate and equipped with the critical-thinking, problem-solving and team working MakingScienceMakeSense.com skills fostered by a quality science education.

www.facebook.com/Bayer @BayerUS @BayerUS www.youtube.com/user/BayerChannel www.pinterest.com/BayerUS

rev. 9/15