United States History to 1877
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John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France
John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France David Loudon General University Honors Professor Robert Griffith, Faculty Advisor American University, Spring 2010 1 John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France Abstract This paper examines the split of the Federalist Party and subsequent election defeat in 1800 through the views of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton on the Quasi-War with France. More specifically, I will be focusing on what caused their split on the French issue. I argue that the main source of conflict between the two men was ideological differences on parties in contemporary American politics. While Adams believed that there were two parties in America and his job was to remain independent of both, Hamilton saw only one party (the Republicans), and believed that it was the goal of all “real” Americans to do whatever was needed to defeat that faction. This ideological difference between the two men resulted in their personal disdain for one another and eventually their split on the French issue. Introduction National politics in the early American republic was a very uncertain venture. The founding fathers had no historical precedents to rely upon. The kind of government created in the American constitution had never been attempted in the Western World; it was a piecemeal system designed in many ways more to gain individual state approval than for practical implementation. Furthermore, while the fathers knew they wanted opposition within their political system, they rejected political parties as evil and dangerous to the public good. This tension between the belief in opposition and the rejection of party sentiment led to confusion and high tensions during the early American republic. -
The Originalist Case Against Vouchers: the First Amendment, Religion, and American Public Education
THE ORIGINALIST CASE AGAINST VOUCHERS: THE FIRST AMENDMENT, RELIGION, AND AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION Benjamin Justice * The perpetual practice in all sects to teach no other morals to their youth than those of their own creed, introduces dangerous effects, foments divisions amongst mankind, [and] subjects liberal and solid sentiments to religious prejudices. [I]f the Legislature wish to establish a perfect plan of moral instruction, they should propose a code that will no longer keep alive those religious prejudices among the different sects. –Anonymous (William Smith), 17971 In short, nothing in the Establishment Clause requires the exclusion of pervasively sectarian schools from otherwise permissible aid programs, and other doctrines of this Court bar it. This doctrine, born of bigotry, should be buried now. 2 –Justice Clarence Thomas INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 438 I. ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF ORIGINAL MEANING IN EDUCATION JURISPRUDENCE ...................................................................................................... 442 II. EDUCATION AND RELIGION IN THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY UNITED STATES ................................................................................................................... 447 III. JEFFERSON AND MADISON: THE PERILS OF ESTABLISHMENT .......................... 449 A. The Place of Religion in Jefferson’s Plans for Public Education ............. 450 * Benjamin Justice is Associate Professor of Education and History at Rutgers University. He is co-author of the forthcoming Have a Little Faith: Democracy, Religion, and the American Public School. He wishes to thank Daniel Markovits, Tracey Meares, and the editors at the Stanford Law & Policy Review for offering feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. 1. Smith’s essay may be found in BENJAMIN JUSTICE, THE FOUNDING FATHERS, EDUCATION, AND “THE GREAT CONTEST”: THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY PRIZE OF 1797, at 234 (2013). 2. Mitchell v. Helms, 530 U.S. -
Qualms About Public Meaning Originalism
TONE DEAF TO THE PAST: MORE QUALMS ABOUT PUBLIC MEANING ORIGINALISM Jack Rakove* With some apologies for a vast degree of oversimplification, let us stipulate that there are two main forms of originalism. One is known as “semantic” or “public meaning” originalism. Its leading advocates include Lawrence Solum, Keith Whittington, and Randy Barnett (professional friends, all). The leading premise of semantic originalism is that the meaning of the constitutional text—or, more specifically, of its individual clauses—was fixed at the moment of its adoption. Under this view, the goal of constitutional interpretation is to recover that original meaning, and the best way to do that pivots on reconstructing how an informed reader, whether a citizen or a judge—and using the best linguistic resources available—would have understood the language in question. This approach does not assume that the Constitution’s entire content was fixed at the point of adoption. Ample room is left for the subsequent construction of additional meanings, in places where the Constitution is silent or ambiguous; originalists can differ—and differ substantially—over where to draw the boundaries between the realms of fixation and construction.1 In this approach, evidence of the political intentions and purposes of the adopters of the text—whether Framers or ratifiers—appears to have relatively little if any bearing on the Constitution’s meaning. The statements they made in debate matter not as evidence of political intention, but rather as additional linguistic clues to the semantic meaning of disputed terms. The second form of originalism involves an approach that academic historians naturally favor. -
Course Syllabus; History 1301: ZC1--U.S. History to 1877 Fall 2020
Course Syllabus; History 1301: ZC1--U.S. History to 1877 Fall 2020/ Dr. Mark Saad Saka//Sul Ross State University Office Hours: Lawrence Hall 208B/ 432-837-8304; [email protected] M, W, F 10:00-10:45/1:00-1:45/////T, Th 1:15-2:00; Office Hours can also be made with an appointment. Course Objectives The objective of this course is to introduce you to the sweeping epic of American history from the colonial era through the American Civil War and Reconstruction, U.S. History to 1877. Course Readings www.americanyawp.com This is a free online textbook Course Requirements There are a number of requirements for this course. 1. Although this is a zoom course, regular attendance is still expected. This course is based on both lectures and the textbook readings; and without regular attendance and taking notes, successful completion of this course will be difficult. 2. You will be required to turn in regular weekly written assignments (through Blackboard). The written assignments are due on the Sunday evening after the week of lectures and readings by 12:00 p.m. The written assignments cover the chapter readings (secondary source), the lectures, and also the documents assigned which can be found at the end of each chapter (primary source) Course Grading: There will be two written assignments per week for a total of 28 (14 weekly writing assignments), based on the lectures, chapters and questions found at the end of each chapter of your online textbook www.americanyawp.com. The writing assignments are due through blackboard and the assignment dates are found in the syllabus as well as blackboard. -
American Political Development Political Science 4105 Fall 2014 Baldwin 301 TTR 8:00-9:15Am
American Political Development Political Science 4105 Fall 2014 Baldwin 301 TTR 8:00-9:15am Instructor: Anthony Madonna Office: 407 Baldwin Hall Email: [email protected] Hours: TTR 11:00-12:00pm Website: spia.uga.edu/facultypages/ajmadonn/ Phone: (314) 313-9937 Course Description: The primary goal of this course is to familiarize the student with American political history and development. The class will focus on the development of American political issues and institutions from the late 18th century through the 19th century. Throughout the semester, we will focus on topics including: the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, the creation of American political parties, slavery, the Civil War and the development of House and Senate rules. Particular attention will be given to how these events influence policy-making in contemporary American politics. Books and Readings: The following books are required and can be purchased from amazon.com and at the Campus Bookstore: Ellis, Joseph. 2001. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. Ellis, Joseph. 2007. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. Holt, Michael F. 2004. The Fate of Their Country. New York, NY: Hill and Wang. Students will not only be expected to have done the reading assignments, but should also be aware of relevant news stories. As such, I recommend reading a daily newspaper { such as the New York Times and/or the Washington Post { or at least checking cnn.com. Other political blogs that students may find useful include FiveThirtyEight, Political Wire, The Monkey Cage, The Upshot, Vox and the Drudge Report. -
Political Friendship in Early America
CAMPBELL, THERESA J., Ph.D. Political Friendship in Early America. (2010) Directed by Dr. Robert M. Calhoon. 250 pp. During the turbulent decades that encompassed the transition of the North American colonies into a Republic, America became the setting for a transformation in the context of political friendship. Traditionally the alliances established between elite, white, Protestant males have been most studied. These former studies provide the foundation for this work to examine the inclusion of ―others‖ -- political relationships formed with and by women, persons of diverse ethnicities and races, and numerous religious persuasions -- in political activity. From the outset this analysis demonstrates the establishment of an uniquely American concept of political friendship theory which embraced ideologies and rationalism. Perhaps most importantly, the work presents criteria for determining early American political friendship apart from other relationships. The central key in producing this manuscript was creating and applying the criteria for identifying political alliances. This study incorporates a cross-discipline approach, including philosophy, psychology, literature, religion, and political science with history to hone a conception of political friendship as understood by the Founding Generation. The arguments are supported by case studies drawn from a wide variety of primary documents. The result is a fresh perspective and a new approach for the study of eighteenth century American history. POLITICAL FRIENDSHIP IN EARLY AMERICA by Theresa J. Campbell A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2010 Approved by Robert M. -
Thomas Jefferson and the Ideology of Democratic Schooling
Thomas Jefferson and the Ideology of Democratic Schooling James Carpenter (Binghamton University) Abstract I challenge the traditional argument that Jefferson’s educational plans for Virginia were built on mod- ern democratic understandings. While containing some democratic features, especially for the founding decades, Jefferson’s concern was narrowly political, designed to ensure the survival of the new republic. The significance of this piece is to add to the more accurate portrayal of Jefferson’s impact on American institutions. Submit your own response to this article Submit online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home Read responses to this article online http://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol21/iss2/5 ew historical figures have undergone as much advocate of public education in the early United States” (p. 280). scrutiny in the last two decades as has Thomas Heslep (1969) has suggested that Jefferson provided “a general Jefferson. His relationship with Sally Hemings, his statement on education in republican, or democratic society” views on Native Americans, his expansionist ideology and his (p. 113), without distinguishing between the two. Others have opted suppressionF of individual liberties are just some of the areas of specifically to connect his ideas to being democratic. Williams Jefferson’s life and thinking that historians and others have reexam- (1967) argued that Jefferson’s impact on our schools is pronounced ined (Finkelman, 1995; Gordon- Reed, 1997; Kaplan, 1998). because “democracy and education are interdependent” and But his views on education have been unchallenged. While his therefore with “education being necessary to its [democracy’s] reputation as a founding father of the American republic has been success, a successful democracy must provide it” (p. -
Full List of Book Discussion Kits – September 2016
Full List of Book Discussion Kits – September 2016 1776 by David McCullough -(Large Print) Esteemed historian David McCullough details the 12 months of 1776 and shows how outnumbered and supposedly inferior men managed to fight off the world's greatest army. Abraham: A Journey to the Heart of Three Faiths by Bruce Feiler - In this timely and uplifting journey, the bestselling author of Walking the Bible searches for the man at the heart of the world's three monotheistic religions -- and today's deadliest conflicts. Abundance: a novel of Marie Antoinette by Sena Jeter Naslund - Marie Antoinette lived a brief--but astounding--life. She rebelled against the formality and rigid protocol of the court; an outsider who became the target of a revolution that ultimately decided her fate. After This by Alice McDermott - This novel of a middle-class American family, in the middle decades of the twentieth century, captures the social, political, and spiritual upheavals of their changing world. Ahab's Wife, or the Star-Gazer by Sena Jeter Naslund - Inspired by a brief passage in Melville's Moby-Dick, this tale of 19th century America explores the strong-willed woman who loved Captain Ahab. Aindreas the Messenger: Louisville, Ky, 1855 by Gerald McDaniel - Aindreas is a young Irish-Catholic boy living in gaudy, grubby Louisville in 1855, a city where being Irish, Catholic, German or black usually means trouble. The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho - A fable about undauntingly following one's dreams, listening to one's heart, and reading life's omens features dialogue between a boy and an unnamed being. -
The Stamp Act Crisis (1765)
Click Print on your browser to print the article. Close this window to return to the ANB Online. Adams, John (19 Oct. 1735-4 July 1826), second president of the United States, diplomat, and political theorist, was born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, the son of John Adams (1691-1760), a shoemaker, selectman, and deacon, and Susanna Boylston. He claimed as a young man to have indulged in "a constant dissipation among amusements," such as swimming, fishing, and especially shooting, and wished to be a farmer. However, his father insisted that he follow in the footsteps of his uncle Joseph Adams, attend Harvard College, and become a clergyman. John consented, applied himself to his studies, and developed a passion for learning but refused to become a minister. He felt little love for "frigid John Calvin" and the rigid moral standards expected of New England Congregationalist ministers. John Adams. After a painting by Gilbert Stuart. Adams was also ambitious to make more of a figure than could Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC- USZ62-13002 DLC). be expected in the local pulpits. So despite the disadvantages of becoming a lawyer, "fumbling and racking amidst the rubbish of writs . pleas, ejectments" and often fomenting "more quarrels than he composes," enriching "himself at the expense of impoverishing others more honest and deserving," Adams fixed on the law as an avenue to "glory" through obtaining "the more important offices of the State." Even in his youth, Adams was aware he possessed a "vanity," which he sought to sublimate in public service: "Reputation ought to be the perpetual subject of my thoughts, and the aim of my behaviour." Adams began reading law with attorney James Putnam in Worcester immediately after graduation from Harvard College in 1755. -
John Adams and Jay's Treaty
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1963 John Adams and Jay's Treaty Edgar Arthur Quimby The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Quimby, Edgar Arthur, "John Adams and Jay's Treaty" (1963). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2781. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2781 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOHN ADAMS AND JAT'S TREATT by EDQAE ARTHUR QDIMHr B.A. University of Mississippi, 1958 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1963 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners V /iiC ^ c r. D e a n , Graduate School Date UMI Number; EP36209 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP36209 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. -
Woodrow Wilson Fellows-Pulitzer Prize Winners
Woodrow Wilson Fellows—Pulitzer Prize Winners last updated January 2014 Visit http://woodrow.org/about/fellows/ to learn more about our Fellows. David W. Del Tredici Recipient of the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Music In Memory of a Summer Day Distinguished Professor of Music • The City College of New York 1959 Woodrow Wilson Fellow Caroline M. Elkins Recipient of the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya (Henry Holt) Professor of History • Harvard University 1994 Mellon Fellow Joseph J. Ellis, III Recipient of the 2001Pulitzer Prize for History Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (Alfred A. Knopf) Professor Emeritus of History • Mount Holyoke College 1965 Woodrow Wilson Fellow Eric Foner Recipient of the 2011Pulitzer Prize for History The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (W.W. Norton) DeWitt Clinton Professor of History • Columbia University 1963 Woodrow Wilson Fellow (Hon.) Doris Kearns Goodwin Recipient of the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for History No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (Simon & Schuster) Historian 1964 Woodrow Wilson Fellow Stephen Greenblatt Recipient of the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction The Swerve: How the World Became Modern (W.W. Norton) Cogan University Professor of the Humanities • Harvard University 1964 Woodrow Wilson Fellow (Hon.) Robert Hass Recipient of one of two 2008 Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry Time and Materials (Ecco/HarperCollins) Distinguished Professor in Poetry and Poetics • The University of California at Berkeley 1963 Woodrow Wilson Fellow Michael Kammen (deceased) Recipient of the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for History People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization (Alfred A. -
Fidelity Through History (Or Do It)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Fordham University School of Law Fordham Law Review Volume 65 Issue 4 Article 20 1997 Fidelity through History (Or Do It) Jack N. Rakove Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jack N. Rakove, Fidelity through History (Or Do It), 65 Fordham L. Rev. 1587 (1997). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol65/iss4/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fidelity through History (Or Do It) Cover Page Footnote Coe Professor of History and American Studies, Stanford University. For helpful comments, I thank the participants in the Symposium and my electronic colleague, Laura Kalman. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol65/iss4/20 FIDELITY THROUGH HISTORY (OR TO IT) Jack N. Rakove* INTRODUCTION A conception of fidelity comes naturally to historians. From their tutelage in graduate seminars through the prolonged apprentice- ship of their dissertations, historians learn to ground their arguments firmly in the extant documentary record of the events or epochs they are studying. Fidelity to this evidentiary record is arguably the defin- ing characteristic of the discipline of history. Indeed, it is what makes history a discipline not only in the conventional academic meaning of the term, but also in the sense of monastic avocation that historians sometimes profess.' Historians are the lonely long-distance runners of the human sciences, not only because the book-length monograph is their preferred mode of expression, but also because they remain re- luctant to write, much less publish, until they complete their quest to canvass all the pertinent sources.