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Analysis of Productivity Among Maize Farmers in Doguwa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria

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Analysis of Productivity Among Maize Farmers in Doguwa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AMONG MAIZE FARMERS IN DOGUWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA BY Ado YAKUBU (MSc / AGRIC / 13999 / 2011-12) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA JANUARY, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation titled “Analysis of Productivity among Maize Farmers in Doguwa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria”, has been written by me and it is a record of my research work. No part of this work has been presented in any previous application for another Degree or Diploma in this or any other institution. All borrowed information has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. Ado YAKUBU Date Student ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled „Analysis of Productivity among Maize Farmers in Doguwa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria, by Ado YAKUBU meets the regulations governing the award of the Degree of Master of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Dr M. A. Damisa Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee Prof S. A. Sanni Date Member, Supervisory Committee Prof Z. Abdulsalam Date Head of Department Prof K. Bala Date Dean, School of postgraduate Studies iii DEDICATION This Dissertation is dedicated to my late father Malam Yakubu Musa (Maigwado), may Allah reward him a paradise as an exalted vision of felicity. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I glorify the exalted name of Almighty Allah (SWT), the cherisher and sustainer of the universe, for His mercy, assistance and protection especially for seeing me through this programme successfully. My appreciation goes to my Late father, Malam Yakubu Musa (Maigwado) may his soul rest in perfect peace and my mother Umma Salama Yakubu for their moral upbringing, encouragement, advices and for been a source of inspiration all through my life over my academic career. I owe a lot of appreciation and sincere gratitude to my esteem supervisory team namely; Dr. M. A. Damisa and Prof. S. A. Sanni for their invaluable assistance, close supervision, constructive criticisms, suggestions and pieces of advice that aided the completion of this research work. May Allah bless you all and your families. My appreciation also goes to Dr. O. Yusuf, Mr. O. Oyinbo for their support and guidance. I sincerely express my gratitude to Head of Department, my lecturers, other staff and students of the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. I wish to also express my special indebtedness to my Mentors and Guidance; Vice chancellor of the university Prof. Ibrahim Garba, Prof. N. D. G. Ibrahim for their support, encouragement and advices in different capacity, May Almighty Allah bless you and your family. I am highly indebted to my elder brother, Musa B. Yakubu for taking over the parental care, support and encouragement. Again I would like to appreciate my wife, Hasiya and children: Nana Khadija, Al- mustapha and Ahmad, my younger brother, Abdulrazaq Yakubu Musa, for words of encouragement, prayers, endurance and support. May the Almighty Allah bless you and keep us together. v My appreciation also goes to members of my extended family including Late Rakiya and Habiba may Allah grant them paradise as their final home. Also, Yaya Yar‟ Yau, Maimuna, Gambo, Zuwaira, Hauwau, Amina, Hafsat, Zubairu and Hindatu for their kind support. Special thanks to my friends; Alhaji Ahmad Ibrahim Maiglass, Abdurrahman Sanni, Ahmad Muazu Mohammad, Amos Ugwu, Nura Isa Zubair, Nuhu Adamu Masinja, Yahuza Lurwanu Gafasa, Akosua Oppong-Yeboah, Lawal Sani Alhaji, Abdulganiyu Biniyu, Mohd Sulaiman, Mallam Bala Mohd, John Ali Kwage, Engr. Mohammed Abdullahi Gele, Abubakar Ishaq, Officer Umar, Dr. Mubarak Ali, Shehu Basawa and all other friends during the M.Sc programme and others who have contributed toward this enviable academic programme. May Almighty Allah reward you all. Finally, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon His noble Prophet Muhammad (SAW), his household, companion and those on their foot paths till the day of reckoning. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Declaration ........................................................................................................................ ii Certification ..................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ........................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xii Abstract. ......................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the Study .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement .............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................... 7 1.4 Justification of the Study .................................................................................... 8 1.5 Hypotheses of the Study ..................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................ 10 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 10 2.1 Maize Production and its Trend in Nigeria ...................................................... 10 2.2 Importance of Maize Crop ................................................................................ 12 2.3 Trends in Farm Size Holdings .......................................................................... 15 2.4 Concept of Productivity and Efficiency ........................................................... 16 vii 2.4.1 Definition of productivity ................................................................................. 16 2.4.1.1 Partial Productivity .......................................................................................... 17 2.4.1.2 Multifactor Productivity ................................................................................... 17 2.4.1.3 Total Factor Productivity ................................................................................. 17 2.4.2 Definition and concept of efficiency ................................................................ 18 2.5 Analytical Framework ...................................................................................... 21 2.5.1 Measurement of productivity and efficiency .................................................... 21 2.5.1.1 Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) .................................................................. 22 2.5.1.2 Multiple Regression Analysis ........................................................................... 27 2.5.2 Farm profitability analysis ................................................................................ 28 2.6 Review of Empirical Studies ............................................................................ 29 2.6.1 Data envelopment analysis ............................................................................... 29 2.6.2 Factors influencing efficiency in production .................................................... 33 2.6.3 Farm profitability .............................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................ 37 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 37 3.1 The Study Area ................................................................................................. 37 3.2 Sampling Size and Sampling Technique .......................................................... 40 3.3 Data collection .................................................................................................. 40 3.4 Analytical Techniques ...................................................................................... 41 3.4.1 Descriptive statistics ......................................................................................... 41 3.4.2 Data envelopment analysis (DEA) ................................................................... 41 3.4.2.1 The DEA
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