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Index a Au core–shell magnetic-plasmonic Abbott i-STAT analyzer 14 composites 466 acid-nitrile exchange reaction 356, 357 Auto ChIP platform 284 adaptive packed-bed microfluidic process optimization 364 b adhesive bonding 127 Bernoulli’s equation 44 affinity-based CTC enrichment 𝛽-galactosidase (𝛽-gal) 289 CTC-Chip 243 BIA-core microfluidic platform 522 CTC-iChip 244–245 bio-MOF capsules 484 CTC subpopulation sorting 247 biomarker proteins 261 GEDI 243–244 54 GO chip 246–247 biphasic interfacial MOF synthesis 485 HB-chip 244 blood 313 HTMSU 245–246 Blue Gene/L system 166 NanoVelcro rare cell assays 246 B220 marker 291 OncoBean Chip 246 Bond number/Eötvös number 51 Ag@ZnO composites 459, 460 bonding process 117–119 alternating current (AC) voltammetry 55 213 Brownian diffusion 314 aluminophosphate material 480 amino acids 273 amperometric protocol 216–219 c anisotropic microparticle formation capacitive sensing 195 397 capillary effects 63 anodic bonding 119 capillary electrochromatography ApoStream (ApoCell) 252 (μ-CEC) 223 Applied Biosystems SOLiDTM system (Ca) 50, 377 301 capped gold nano-slit surface plasmonic aptamer 266 resonance (SPR) sensor 267 50 carbon monoxide (CO) 367 ascaridole synthesis 362 carbon paste electrode (CPE) 218 atto594-labeled 20-oligmer nucleotide carbon supported composite synthesis 289 461–463 51 carbonylation Sonogashira reaction Au core–shell composites 457, 459 367

Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications, First Edition. Edited by Yujun Song, Daojian Cheng, and Liang Zhao. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2018 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 542 Index

carboxylate-based MOFs 481 isolation by size of epithelial tumor casein kinase I 353 cells (ISET) 238 catalytic hydrogenation 366 limitations 253 catechol 213 microfluidic devices 239 catheter-based intravascular drug microfluidic filtration 249–250 delivery microfluidic spiral separation particle hemodynamics 331–332 250–251 tissue heat and mass transfer multiorifice flow fractionation 251 332–333 NanoVelcro rare cell assays 246 CD31 protein 287 OncoBean Chip 246 CdSe/ZnS composite synthesis 456 polydimethylsiloxane 238 Ce-BDC MOF 487 screening for early cancer detection cell-based assays 11–14 238 cell detection 269–272 (SWOG) S0500 clinical trial 239 centrifuge number 51 synthetic DNA/RNA oligonucleotide ceramic based microfluidic devices ligands 241 519 vortex platform 251 CFD-ACE+ software 162 closed DMF systems 179 CFX Expression Language (CEL) 162 clotrimazole amorphous drug 356 CFX software 162–164 Co@Au nanoparticles 434, 436 Chapman–Enskog theory 30 coaxial microfluidic reactors 487 chip-based microfluidic reactor cobalt (Co) nanocrystal synthesis 422, advantages 363 423 for organic synthesis 360–363 coflowing microfluidics 379 chip-based simple programmed coiled tubing microreactor, for organic microfluidic processes synthesis 356–360 (C-SPMPs) 412, 452 color function volume-of-fluid chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (CF-VOF) method 156 283 compact disc (CD)-based microfluidic circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) device 10 281 complex microparticle formation 380 circulating tumor cells (CTCs) composites CellSearch platform 238 description 445 CTC-chip 243 formation mechanism 445, 451–452 CTC-iChip 244–245 preparation, see microfluidic process CTC subpopulation sorting 247 composites computational fluid-particle deterministic lateral displacement dynamics (CF-PD) 319 250 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) dielectrophoresis and 160–161 acoustophoresis 251–252 computational microfluidics 528 epithelial to mesenchymal transition ferrofluid dynamics 315 241 flow through porous media 316–317 GEDI 243–244 fluid–particle dynamics modeling GO chip 246–247 313–315 herringbone chip 244 fluid–structure interaction 317–318 HTMSU 245–246 governing equations 312 Index 543

intravascular drug delivery, see dielectric–plasmonic composites, intravascular drug delivery synthesis of 457–459 model closure 312–313 dielectrophoresis (DEP) 183 nonspherical particle dynamics 316 dielectrophoresis and acoustophoresis pulmonary drug delivery, see 251–252 pulmonary drug delivery diethy-laminosulfur trifluorid (DAST) turbulence modeling 313 360 ComsolMultiphysics 229 digital microfluidic (DMF) system 5 conductivity protocol 221–223 approach 213 conservative level set (C-LS) method analytical models 184 156 chemical and biological applications contact angle saturation 183 199–201 continuous flow reactors 405 chip fabrication techniques continuous/laminar flow 421 179–181 continuum method (CM) 155–158 controlling and addressing the signals coprecipitation method 406 197–198 core alloying and shell gradient doping different electrode configurations strategy 414 181–183 core–shell magnetic nanomaterial, droplet metering and dispensing synthesis of 414–415 techniques 188–189 CoSm alloy nanocrystals, IRCPM droplet routing algorithms 195 process 423 droplet sensing techniques 195, 196 Couette flow 22 effect of the gap height 189–190 C-reactive protein (CRP) 218 electrical signals 185–188 CTC-chip 243 electromechanical and energy CTC-iChip 244–245 based models 183 cytochrome P450 gene 283 feedback control 192–195 numerical models 184 prospects of portability 199, 200 d types 177–179 D-amino acids 273 digital polymerase chain reaction Damköhler number (Da) 49 (digital-PCR) 296 52 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 219 de Broglie thermal wavelength 150 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 219 dense discrete phase model (DDPM) dimensionless numbers 377 314 dimethylitaconate hydrogenation 364 DEP field-flow fractionation (DEPFFF) dinitro-herbicide, synthesis of 362 device 252 direct drug delivery 335–338, 529 deterministic lateral displacement direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DLD) 250 (DSMC) 151–153 dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron direct tumor-targeting methodology oxide (SPIO) NPs 409 332 diamond-shaped microfluidic discrete element method (DEM) 314 aggregation chamber 155 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) dicarboxylate MIL-88B(Fe) 153–155 crystallization, segmented flow macroscopic hydrodynamic equations synthesis 482 154 544 Index

d-leucine (d-Leu) 273, 275 solid–fluid interface 77, 79 d-methionine (d-Met) 273, 275 time scale 80 DNA assays 6–9 water and aqueous electrolytic dried blood spot analysis 201 solution 78 dripping 378 electromechanical and energy-based DropBot 195 models 183 droplet and ionic liquid assisted electrowetting manipulation 11 microfluidic (DIM) synthesis electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) method 480 principle 5 droplet based microreactors, magnetic enhanced condensational growth (ECG) iron oxide based nanomaterial aerosol delivery method 326 synthesis 408 enhanced deeper lung delivery of drug droplet metering and dispensing aerosols via condensational techniques 188–189 growth 326 droplet routing algorithms 195 Entamoeba histolytica antigen droplet sensing techniques 195, 196 EHI_115350 262 drug–aerosol dynamics 322–323 enzyme immunoassays 214 dry etching method 117 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay dry powder inhaler (DPI) 319 (ELISA) platform 261 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 286 e Euler–Euler approach 314 55 Euler–Lagrange approach 314 E. coli lac-Z gene expression pattern 52 289 52 electrical signals, DMF f effect of changing frequency fabrication process techniques 187–188 3D printing technology 114 types of signals 185–186 semiconductor integrated circuits electrochemical analysis (IC)/MEMS fabrication 113 amperometric protocol 216–219 FactChecker CTC capture system conductivity protocol 221–223 (Circulogix) 249 microjet electrode 224–225 Faradaic and non-Faradaic current multiplexed microchannels 225 212 numerical models 226–229 (FDA)-approved clinical microdialysis potentiometric protocol 219–220 probes 272 rotating microdroplet 223–224 ferrofluid dynamics 315 voltammetric analysis 212–215 FeSn NPs 429 electrode design 181 Fick’s laws 29 electrokinetic methods field-programmable gate array (FPGA) electroosmosis flows 76 193 external-operated electric field 79 flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) protocols Helmholtz–Smoluchowski formula 357 79 flow regime, in microfluidics induced-charge electrokinetic (ICEK) coflowing microfluidics 379 flows 80 dimensionless numbers 377 Index 545

flow-focusing microfluidics sharp-edged 427 378–379 optical absorbance spectra 427 T-junction microfluidics 377–378 52 flow through porous media 316–317 graft polymers FLOW-3D software 165–166, 184 biofunctional coatings 140 flow-focusing microfluidics 378 grafting-to technique 142 FLOW-VU 164 SI-ATRP 137–142 fluctuation–dissipation theorem 154 surface photo-grafting Fluidigm dynamic arrays 300, 301 polymerization 135–137 fluid particles (FP) 153 graphene-polyaniline (G-PANI) fluid–particle dynamics modeling nanocomposite solution 218 313–315 (Gr) 52 fluid–structure interaction green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter 317–318 284 fluorescent enzymatic assay 11 Gr-1 marker 291 formyl-tetrahydrofolatesynthetase (FTHFS) 296 Fourier number 55 h Fourier transform (FT) algorithm 53 213 Hagen–Poiseuille relationship 45 front-tracking (FT) method 156 Hall effect 38 50 haplotyping 293 herringbone (HB)-chip 244 high resolution pumping technology g 521 Galileo number 52 high throughput ChIP (HTChIP) device

γ-Fe2O3 composites 453, 454 284 gas–liquid reaction 365 high-throughput microsampling unit gas separation testing 497 (HTMSU) 245–246 Gauss divergence theorem 156 high-T/p aminolysis reactions, for gene expression analysis medicine synthesis 361 individual cell levels 280 hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) merits 305 436 microfluidic circuits 280 hollow polycrystalline MOF sphere nucleic acid analysis 281–283 fabrication 486 protein level analysis 283–288 hot embossing 124 single cell, see single cell gene human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) expression analysis 286 small cell populations 280 humanleukocyteantigen(HLA) gene shearing technology 522 296 Gene-Z 281 hydrodynamic voltammetry Geometrically enhanced differential measurements 212 immunocapture (GEDI) hydrophilic pore network models 243–244 (PNMs) 166 GO chip 246–247 hydrophobic organic drug fenofibrate gold nanocrystals 356 shape anisotropy 426 hyperthermia 333 546 Index

i IRCPM, see in situ rapid cooling and IL-8 263 passivating microfluidic Illumina HiSeq series 301 (IRCPM), process IMMP approach, see interfacial isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells microfluidic membrane (ISET) 238 processing (IMMP), approach immunoassays 9–11 j immunocytochemistry 286 Jakob number 55 induced-charge electrokinetic (ICEK) Janus nanocomposite 469 flows 80 inhalers and drug–aerosol transport 319–322 k injection molding process 122–124 kinematic 23 inner MOF growth, advantages of 506 (Kn) 48 inorganic alumina 501 inorganic versus polymeric supports l intensification 501–504 lab-on-a-chip (LC) 19 in situ rapid cooling and passivating microfluidic reactors 360, 361 microfluidic (IRCPM) silicon-based microfluidic reactors cobalt nanoparticle synthesis 412 362 process 423 53 integrated microfluidic systems 449 Laplace’s law 42–44 interface reconstruction volume-of-fluid large amplitude AC voltammetry (IR-VOF) method 156 approach 213 interfacial microfluidic membrane Large-scale Atomic/Molecular processing (IMMP) Massively Parallel Simulator approach 489 (LAMMPS) 162 durability and stability of membrane large-scale Scalable Parallel Short-range 492 Molecular (SPASM) dynamics MOF hollow fiber supported software 166 membranes 489 laser ablation 124–125 operating scheme 491 laser bonding 126–127 integrated tubular microfluidic reactor, laser heating 88 experimental setup 415 lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) interleukin-6 (IL-6) 11 158–160 intravascular drug delivery level set (LS) method 13 direct 335–338 55 magnetic 333–335 lipid-polymer composites 466, 468 nanoparticle-based targeted drug liquid-phase high-T/p continuous-flow delivery 329–330 pyrolysis 357 ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) 220 liquid–solid interface 63 ion-sensing electrochemical liquid–solid wetting 64 paper-based analytical devices liquids and gases, concepts of (EPADs) 220 mean free path (𝜆) 21–22 IonTorrentTM system 301, 303 viscosity (𝜇)fluids Ip-Do assay 292, 293 Couette flow 22 Index 547

eddy viscosity 29 magnetic nanomaterials 412, 414 in industries/engineering 23 Marangoni effect 87 kinetic theory of gases 24 55 laminar shear of fluid 23 mass conservation principle 44 macroscale Couette flow device Maxwell–Stefan diffusion model 34 23 Meldrum’s acid 357 mass and heat transport analysis membrane protein 264–266 22 mesofluidics 487 Newtonian fluid 27 metal/metal alloy materials 464–466 Newton’s law of viscosity 27 metal-organic framework (MOF) 407, non-Newtonian fluids 27 480 parallel flow 23 automated microfluidic control 486 round-shaped microfluidic based membrane synthesis 504 channels 23 IMMP approach 489 shear strain rate and shear stress inorganic versus polymeric 28 supports: intensification Sutherland’s constant, reference 501–504 𝜉 values and values 25 support influence 504–505 viscoelastic fluids 27 description 480 viscosity of slurry 28 inner MOF growth, advantages of zero viscosity 22 506 loop-mediated isothermal amplification interfacial synthesis 485 (LAMP) method 281 HF support intrinsic porosity lotus effect 64 505 lysosomal-associated membrane protein post-synthetic modifications 488 1 (LAMP1) 288 surface functionalities and/or lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) hetero-structure shells 484 287 metallic nanocrystals, microfluidic process m composition controlled synthesis (Ma) 50 434–437 Mac-1 marker 291 crystal structure controlled synthesis magnetic drug delivery 333–335 422–426 magnetic fields 81 multi-hierarchical structure magnetic iron oxide-based nanomaterial formation 434–437 synthesis size and shape controlled synthesis continuous flow synthesis 411 426–434 coprecipitation method 406–411 metallic nanomaterial 419 droplet-based microreactors 408 continuous/laminar flow 421 electron microdiffraction pattern segmented flow 421 408 metallic NPs 412, 414 fast solvent extraction 408 metallization 117, 128 laminar flow technique 408 methylation, of 1-pentanol 364 polyol process 411 metoprolol 361 transmission electron microscopy microjet electrode 224–225 408 micro milling 125 548 Index

microelectromechanical systems conservation of momentum (MEMS) equation 61–62 microfabrication 117 diffusion laws 56–59 technology 1 dimensionless numbers 47–56 microfluidic(s) 405 energy conservation (Bernoulli’s biomedical and chemical applications Equation) 44–45 1 laminar flow, in circular tube bulk micromachining processes and 46–47 substrate bonding techniques 1 mass conservation principle cell-based assays 11–14 (Continuity Equation) 44 complex microfluidic systems Pascal’s and Laplace’s law 42–44 digital microfluidics 5 Poiseuille’s Law 45–46 electrolytic droplets 4 mass diffusivity (D) construction materials considerations binary gas system 32 94–95 biomass in water 33 DNA assays 6–9 diffusion coefficient 30 electrokinetic methods 76–81 Fick’s laws 29 fabricating microfluidic devices 2 gas-gas diffusivity 31 of solvents 32 fabrication, see fabrication process valueofconstrictivity 30 techniques MEMS technology 1 heat (thermal) capacity mesoscopic features 20 Brillouin scattering experiments micro total-analysis systems (μ-TAS) 36 19 Dulong–Petit law 35 mixing fluids 20 electron transportation/phonon numerical simulation 528 (lattice vibrations) status 36 optofluidic process hydrogen-containing polar deformation of interface 87 molecules 36 laser heating 88 in metals 36 laser intensity 87 quantum theory 35 light-driven manipulation, of liquid and temperature 35 89 thermal conductivity 36, 39, 41 light-induced Marangoni effect thermal diffusivity 41 89 thermodynamic energy state 34 light momentum 84 immunoassays 9–11 linear liquid crystal polymer lab-on-a-chip (LC) 19 (LLCP) 89 liquids and gases, concepts of liquid-crystal polymer individual molecular collisions 21 microstructures 93 mean free path (𝜆) 21–22 liquid jets 87 viscosity (𝜇) fluids 22–29 Marangoni effect 87 magnetic fields 81 optical manipulation devices 83 mass and heat transfer principles radiation pressure 87 conservation of energy equation thermocapillary forcing 88 62 TMA 91, 92 conservation of mass equation PDMS 2 60–61 quantum dynamical principles 20 Index 549

surface and interface injection molding process bubble formation 66–68 122–124 capillary effects 70–71 laser ablation 124–125 Cassie–Baxter model 64 laser bonding 126–127 droplet formation 71–74 metallization 128 effect of surfactants 68–69 micro milling 125 energy 62 mold fabrication 122 features 69–70 PDMS casting 122 solid/liquid and liquid/liquid polymer patterning 119–125 interaction 63 surface treatment 129 types 63 3D printing 128–129 surface micromachining processes 1 thermal bonding 125 microfluidic approach ultrasonic bonding 127 hydrodynamic parameters, control of silicon and glass fabrication process 380–393 bonding process 117–119 phase separation 393–396 etching 117 spreading coefficient 397–398 metallization 117 microfluidic-based protein quantitation photolithography 117 surface modification 261 grafting polymers 135–142 microfluidic cell culture system 12 plasma treatment 132–134 microfluidic cell-patterning assay 292 surfactant 134–135 microfluidic circuits 280 microfluidic filtration 249–250 microfluidic components 3–4 microfluidic immunoassays 9 microfluidic devices microfluidic methods 292–301 advantages 523 microfluidic MOF hollow fiber biomedical engineering 521 supported membranes bonding/sealing methods 519 advantages 489, 490 challenges 525 interfacial microfluidic membrane chemical analysis 521 processing 489 design 274, 518–521 microfluidic nebulator, for organic flow types 518 synthesis 355–356 metallic nanomaterials 438 microfluidic oil-segmented droplet potable in situ chemical detectors confined MOF synthesis 481, 521 482 power-driving systems 518 microfluidic paper-based analytical reduced dimension 526 device (μPAD) 272 scaling and assembly 520 microfluidic process surface properties 520 advantages 420 microfluidic devices fabrication composite synthesis high density micro pillar array 114 pros and cons 449 material property 114 advantages 447 nanomaterials, bulk modification of Janus nanocomposite synthesis 469 polymers 142–143 lipid-polymer composite 466, 468 polymer fabrication process metal and nonmetal inorganics adhesive bonding 127 carbon-supported composite hot embossing 124 461–463 550 Index

microfluidic process (contd.) microtubule-associated protein 1 light dielectric–plasmonic composites chain 3 (LC3) 288 457–459 MOF, see metal-organic framework plasmonic–semiconductor (MOF) composite 459–461 MOF-supported polymeric HF metallic nanocrystals membranes 505 composition controlled synthesis mold fabrication 122 434–437 molecular dynamics (MD) 148–149 crystal structure controlled momentum diffusivity 23 synthesis 422–426 51 multi-hierarchical structure moving mesh (MM) method 156 formation 434–437 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) size and shape controlled synthesis 160–161 426–434 continuum method (CM) 155–158 metal/metal alloy materials direct simulation Monte Carlo 464–466 (DSMC) method 151–153 MOF 470–471 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) MOF-based membranes synthesis, see 153–155 lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) MOF-based membrane synthesis 158–160 nonmetal inorganics multidrug efflux pump protein P-gp oxide coated multifunctional 292 composite 453–455 multifunctional microparticles, design semiconductor-semiconductor of, see microfluidic approach composite synthesis 455–457 multifunctional nanoparticles polymers/metal composite synthesis 327–328 464, 465 multiorifice flow fractionation (MOFF) spatiotemporal kinetic parameters 251 420 multiphase flow microfluidic systems microfluidic reactors 448, 449 advantage 362 multiphase microfluidic reactors 405 applicability 354 multiplexed microchannels 225 description 351 multipurpose batch/semi-batch reactors fine chemical and medicine synthesis 351 353 multistage multiorifice flow flow chemistry 352 fractionation (MS-MOFF) 251 high heat-exchanging efficiency 352 hydrodynamic flow 353 mass transfer 351 n mixing times 351 nanoliter microfluidic approach 484 microfluidic scalability 293 nanoparticle-based targeted drug microfluidic spiral separation 250–251 delivery 329–330 micro total analysis systems (μ-TAS) NanoVelcro Rare Cell Assays 246 19 nanoyeast single-chain variable microtubing-based simple programmed fragments (NYscFv) 262 microfluidic processes nebulizers 319, 321 (MT-SPMPs) 412, 452 Newtonian fluid 23 Index 551 next-generation sequencing open DMF systems 177 technologies 301–305 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)

NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) 286 particle size distributions 483 organic synthesis PSD dependence with temperature chip-based microfluidic reactor for 484 360 TEM images 483 coiled tubing micro-reactor for 356 nicking enzyme assisted signal microfluidic nebulator for 355–356 amplification assay 266 packed-bed micro-reactors for 96-channel microfluidic array 289 363–356 nitriles, preparation of 356 ring-shape (tube-in-tube) N,N,N′,N′ tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene microfluidic reactor for diamine 213 365–368 noble-metal nanocrystals 431 oriented attachment (OA) process 423 nonaffinity-based CTC enrichment orthoester formation 363 deterministic lateral displacement oxide coated multifunctional composite 250 synthesis 453–455 dielectrophoresis and ozonolysis 367 acoustophoresis 251–252 microfluidic filtration 249–250 microfluidic spiral separation p 250–251 packed-bed micro-reactors, for organic multiorifice flow fractionation 251 synthesis 363–365 vortex platform 251 parallel microchip capillary zone nonspherical particle dynamics 316 electrophoresis (μ-CZE) 223 nucleic acid analysis 267–269, particle absorption and translocation 281–283 328 numerical simulation particle hemodynamics 331–332 CFD-ACE+ software 162 parylene 117 CFX software 163–164 parylene C deposited with chemical FLOW-3D software 164–166 vapor deposition system 179 LAMMPS 162 Pascal’s law 42–44 large-scale Scalable Parallel Pd nanocrystals 431 Short-range Molecular dynamics Péclet number (Pe) 49, 479 software 166 permeation tests 496 models, MD 148–150 petal effect 64 56, 526 phase-field (PF) method 156 pH-sensitive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) material o 219 off-the-shelf Arduino microcontrollers photolithography 117, 179 199 physical coating systems 520 53 plasma treatment 520 OncoBean Chip 246 plasmonic–semiconductor composite one silicon based lab-on-chip synthesis 459–461 microfluidic reactor, metoprolol platelet factor-4 (PF-4) 263 preparation 361 Poiseuille’s law 45–46 552 Index

polyadenosine (5′-AAAAAAAAAA-3′) pressurized metered-dose 268 inhaler(pMDIs) 319 polycytosine (5′-CCCCCCCCCC-3′) printed circuit board (PCB) layers 197 268 prostate specific antigen (PSA) 263 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2, 238, prostate specific membrane antigen 407 (PSMA) 263 casting 122 protein analysis microchannel 214 membrane protein 264–266 sealing 492 secreted proteins 261–264 substrates 175 protein interleukin 6 (IL-6) 263 polymer fabrication process protein level analysis 283–288 adhesive bonding 127 pseudorabies virus (PRV) gene 281 hot embossing 124 PSf HF membranes 505 injection molding process 122–124 permeance rates of 497 laser ablation 124–125 Pt nanoparticles 433 laser bonding 126–127 Pt–Pd core-shell heterostructure metallization 128 synthesis 465 micro milling 125 pulmonary drug delivery mold fabrication 122 drug–aerosol dynamics 322–323 enhanced deeper lung delivery of PDMS casting 122 drug-aerosols via condensational polymer patterning 119–125 growth 326 surface treatment 129 inhalers and drug–aerosol transport 3D printing 128–129 319–322 thermal bonding 125 multifunctional nanoparticles ultrasonic bonding 127 327–328 polymeric hollow fibers 501 particle absorption and translocation polymeric microparticles 328 emulsion polymerization 375 shape engineering 326–327 functions 375 smart inhaler system methodology polymer patterning 119–125 325 polymers/metal composite synthesis pulsed mixing method 429 464, 465 pure polymeric membranes 488 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chip 221 polyol process 411 q polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber, MOF Quantum theory 20, 35 layers in 493 quorum sensing (QS) 290 porous coordination polymers (PCPs) 480 r porous crystalline aluminosilicates, see racemic sertraline imine hydrogenation zeolites 365 portable microplasma generation device rapid prototyping techniques 180 (MGD) 272 56 potentiometric protocol 219–220 Rayleigh–Plateau instability 379 (Pr) 48 rechargeable 3.7 V lithium ion batteries precursor droplet size 485 199 Index 553

Reynolds number (Re) 48, 377, 479, fluorescence activated cell sorting 504 288 53 flurescent in situ hybrization 288 Richtmyer–Meshkov instability 151 imaging 289–292 Righi–Leduc effect 38 microfluidic methods 292–301 ring-shape (tube-in-tube) microfluidic next generation sequencing technique reactor, for organic synthesis 288 365–368 next-generation of sequencing Roche/454 FLX 301 technologies 301–305 Roche 454 pyrosequencing 301 single phase continuous flow 405 rolling circle amplification (RCA) 281 single-phase flow microfluidic system 51 448, 449 rotating Froude number 53 SiO2-TiO2 composite synthesis 454 rotating microdroplet 223–224 sixteen-channel microchip Ru nanoparticles 433 electrophoresis 223 size dependent thermal conductivity 527 s slicon and glass fabrication process, Sandwich heterogeneous immunoassays photolithography 117 11 smart inhaler system methodology 325 scalable continuous MOF fabrication solvothermal method 505 486 solvothermal synthesis 504 (Sc) 48 spin coating 179 secreted proteins 261–264 spreading coefficient 397–398 secreted proteins 264 squeezing 378 segmented flow 421 56 synthesis, for dicarboxylate Stefan number 56 MIL-88B(Fe) crystallization 53 482 (for oscillatory flow) semi batch reactors 351 54 semiconductor-semiconductor surface grafting methods 520 composite synthesis 455 surface treatment 129 shape engineering 326–327 surface-initiated atom transfer radical 53 polymerization (SI-ATRP) silica tubular supports 501 137–142 silicon and glass fabrication process SWOG 0500 clinical trial 239 bonding process 117 etching 117 metallization 117 t silicon-based microfluidic reactor layout Taylor–Aris’s dispersion effect 405 360 54

Si/SiO2 wafer fabrication 519 terminal phosphate-labeled fluorogenic simple microparticle formation 380 nucleotides (TPLFNs) 303 simple reduction/thermal tetrahydrocarbazole synthesis 360 decomposition process 411 3D coaxial flow microreactor 407 single cell gene expression analysis 3D printing, 128–129 520 flow cytometry 288 thermal bonding 125 554 Index

time-dependent Schrödinger equation wetting 63 (TDSE) 150 whole-genome amplification (WGA) tissue heat and mass transfer 269 332–333 Wiedemann–Franz law 36 T-junction microfluidics 377 55 TM7 16S rRNA genes 292 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) 213 tubular microactuators (TMA) 92 x tumour-necrosis factor (TNF-𝛼) 291 xCELLigence system 522 turbulence modeling 313 y u yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) 289 UiO-66 nanoparticles 487 ultrafine PtSn nanoparticle formation z 461, 462 zeolites 479–480 ultrasonic bonding 127 zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) UV lithography process 122 480 synthesis procedures 494 v zero viscosity 22 vascular endothelial growth factor ZIF-7 layers (VEGF) 263 EDX mapping 496 vascular endothelial growth factor A liquid-phase epitaxial step-synthesis (VEGFA) 286 495 voltammetric analysis 212–215 ZIF-8 coating, on polymeric substrate volume-of-fluid method (VOF) 160 500 volume-of-fluid technique 184 ZIF-8 layers 489, 491, 492 vortex platform 251 EDX mapping 496 vortex shedding 151 solid precipitation 495 ZIF-8 supported membrane, microscopy characterization of 495 w ZIF-93 membranes 499 (We) 49, 377 zinc oxide nanoparticles covered by wet chemistry method 451 polyvinyl alcohol wet etching method 117 (ZnONPs-PVA) 264