Festival of the Future City
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Festival of the Future City/ Edited by Andrew Kelly and Melanie Kelly Bristol Cultural Development Partnership Festival of the Future City/ 4 Festival of the Future City/ Festival of the Future City/ 5 Festival of the Future City/ Edited by Andrew Kelly and Melanie Kelly Bristol Cultural Development Partnership 6 Festival of the Future City/ Dedication/ 7 The Festival of the Future City was led by Bristol Cultural Development Partnership (BCDP) as part of the Bristol “ Cities have always been the fireplaces of Festival of Ideas and the Bristol 2015 programme. civilisation, whence light and heat radiates Published by Bristol Cultural Development Partnership (BCDP), Leigh Court, Abbots Leigh, Bristol BS8 3RA out into the dark, cold world.“ Design and typesetting by Qube Design Associates Ltd Theodore Parker, Lessons from the World Printed in England by The Complete Product Company Ltd Printed on FSC certified paper of Matter and the World of Man, 1908/ ©BCDP 2016 We would like to thank all those who have provided “ Cities have the capability of providing illustrative material for this book. They are credited alongside each image where appropriate with the something for everybody, only because, and exception of the Festival of the Future City posters, which were designed by the following BA (Hons) Illustration only when, they are created by everybody.” students at the University of the West of England: Emma Scott (front inside cover), Jack Goddard (page 2), Joseph Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great Jores (page 208), Ruby Hinton (back inside cover). If any image has been incorrectly attributed, please contact American Cities, 1961/ BCDP and a correction will be made in any future edition of this publication. The individual authors retain the copyright of their own work. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or “A culture, we all know, is made by its cities.“ transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Derek Walcott, Nobel Lecture, 1992/ The opinions expressed in the individual chapters of this book are the authors’ own and not necessarily those of BCDP. “ It's very important for cities all around the world to reinvent themselves.” Zaha Hadid/ “Cities are the greatest creations of humanity.“ Daniel Libeskind/ 8 Festival of the Future City/ Contents/ 9 Contents/ Foreword/ The Future City: The Challenges, Nature and the City/ 100 City Case Studies/ 144 Phil Gibby 8 The Opportunities/ 70 Nature-Rich Cities/ English Cities: Bradford, Manchester, Introduction/ Cities in the Uncertain World/ Amy O’Beirne 102 Plymouth and Bristol/ Andrew Kelly 10 Rich Pancost and Pru Foster/ 72 John Harris 146 State of Nature/ The Festival Programme/ 14 Delivering Future Cities in a Runaway World: Melissa Harrison 106 Industrial Revolution to Knowledge Revolution: Bristol Conversations/ A Century of Urban Economic Change/ The Future is Urban/ Caroline Bird, Andy Gouldson, Gary Topp 76 The Ecologically Smart City/ Paul Swinney 162 Antonia Layard 18 Melissa Sterry 114 Ambition and Successful City-making/ Cities Back from the Brink: The Case of Detroit/ Charles Landry 80 Chris Dorle 164 City Thinking: Past and Present/ 24 The Arts, Creativity and the City/ 120 The Future of Cities: the Global Perspective/ New Delhi: A Portent of the Future/ Historic Cities: Greek and Roman/ Tim Moonen 84 Arts and the City/ Rana Dasgupta 170 Melanie Kelly 26 Amy O’Beirne 122 Cities and Devolution/ Thinking About Cities – From Africa/ Cities and Ideas in the Ancient World/ Alexandra Jones 86 The Play’s the Thing/ Susan Parnell 174 Amy O’Beirne 34 Clare Reddington 128 Devolution and the Future of Cities/ Future Lagos/ On Utopia/ Amy O’Beirne 88 Poetry and Prose/ 132 Olamide Udoma 176 Darran Anderson 36 Housing and Future Cities/ Bristol Voluntaries/ Imagination and the Megalopolis/ For Cities and Their Critics: Ideas Are Social/ Amy O’Beirne 90 Peter Robinson 132 Gabriella Gómez-Mont 180 Miriam Fitzpatrick 40 Time for a City Perspective on Social Mobility/ Dreamingham/ Bristol Day Provocation/ The Image of the City: Kevin Lynch/ Gavin Kelly 92 Liz Berry 135 Eugene Byrne 184 Melanie Kelly 46 Social Mobility and Future Cities/ Your City/ Will Self’s Bristol Walk/ Jane Jacobs’ Influence in Bristol: Amy O’Beirne 94 Helen Mort 136 Steven Morris 186 Probing the Real World/ Gillian Darley 54 Immigration and Future Cities/ Sumerian Dream Vision of Vertical Gardens/ Amy O’Beirne/ 96 Rachael Boast 137 Conclusions/ 190 Who is the City For?/ Leo Hollis 64 Are Smart Cities Really that Smart?/ The Snail and The Spider/ The Challenge and Complexity of Cities/ Amy O’Beirne 98 Edson Burton 138 Tessa Coombes 192 Our Urban Kinder Scout Moment/ Bradley L Garrett 68 The Nine Trades Welcome You to the The Exceptional Fund Arts Programme City of Refuge/ and Bristol 2015/ WN Herbert 140 Andrew Kelly 196 City/ Notes and Bibliography/ 200 Eimear McBride 141 Author Biographies/ 204 What Are You Wearing Today?/ Ian McMillan 142 10 Festival of the Future City/ Foreword/ 11 Foreword/ Phil Gibby/ The Festival of the Future City was the last of six major projects supported by Arts Council England through an Exceptional Award to put arts and culture right at the heart of Bristol’s year as European Green Capital. From the very beginning Bristol 2015 offered the The final exceptional project, The Festival of the Future opportunity to create an arts and cultural programme of City, gave us a chance to reflect on all of the issues raised such ambition and with such national and international and remember the things that made us smile, made us impact that it would be truly exceptional. question, made us think. That is why Arts Council England made the award of It provided an ambitious intellectual underpinning of £744,564 – our largest ever – to support this exciting year- the year, a conversation with internationally recognised long series of events and activities. artists, writers and thinkers to which the whole city was invited. The programme we supported placed the green agenda on a more creative and contemporary platform to really I can’t think of a better or more important way to round engage everyone – artists, audiences, and particularly off an exciting and inspirational year. children and young people – in celebrating sustainability and future ways of living. Phil Gibby Area Director, South West, Arts Council England Luke Jerram’s eerie flotilla of abandoned fishing boats in Leigh Woods raised questions about the weather, the oceans and climate change. The Bristol Whales made us look at how we treat our oceans and consider the effects of plastic waste. An exhibition of work by one of Britain’s best known landscape artists, Richard Long, connected us with our environment in new ways and using fresh eyes. Arcadia and its world-famous 50-tonne mechanical spider landed in Queen’s Square and used themes of sustainability, transformation and change to spectacular fire-breathing effect. Chicago’s award-winning installation artist Theaster Gates breathed new life into discarded materials and forgotten places to create the magical Sanctum. Opposite page: Festival of the Future City poster design by student Tom Handy, BA (Hons) Illustration, UWE. 12 Festival of the Future City/ Introduction/ 13 Introduction/ Andrew Kelly/ The city and the future of cities have always been events held over the four days with a total of 209 speakers important in our work. We’ve sought inspiration from and 7,423 audience members. This was on top of a cities around the world; looked at what we can learn from series of 69 build-up events in the preceding 18-month cities of the past and imaginary cities; and have been period, which involved 354 speakers and 12,984 audience as keen to involve ourselves in debates about transport, members. planning, leadership and governance as we have been in developing cultural projects. We wanted this to be the largest ever public debate about the city. The festival aimed to: promote comprehensive We were offered a great opportunity in 2015 to bring thinking and discussion about the future of cities; look all this work together. In June 2014 Bristol Cultural at examples of good practice in cities that would help Development Partnership (BCDP) was awarded a major promote a better and more resilient, sustainable and grant of £744,564 for the Bristol 2015 European Green prosperous future for all; examine models for future Capital arts programme. city development; provide a public platform for existing programmes of work – such as InnovateUK, Foresight, The award came from Arts Council England’s Exceptional Future Cities Catapult and Centre for Cities; and ensure Fund for projects that have national and international Bristol is seen as both a good example where future cities importance. Arts Council England (ACE) has worked with work is taking place and a natural place for debate about BCDP ever since we were founded in 1993, alongside future cities. Bristol City Council, Business West, University of Bristol and University of the West of England. BCDP has run It was part of BCDP’s year-round Festival of Ideas. many year-long programmes of work in partnership Established in 2004, the Festival of Ideas emerged out with others including Brunel 200 (2006), celebrating the of Bristol’s bid to be Capital of Culture in 2008. It was bicentenary of the birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel; inspired by our wish to expand the level of debate BAC100 (2010), marking the centenary of the founding of in the city and to celebrate the work of great writers, Bristol’s aviation industry; and Bristol 2014 (2014) on the commentators and thinkers in and outside Bristol.