The Concept of Mayor Is Recognised World-Wide
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The Evolution of Personal Pledging for the Freemen of Norwich, 1365-1441
Quidditas Volume 39 Article 6 2018 The Evolution of Personal Pledging for the Freemen of Norwich, 1365-1441 Ruth H. Frost University of British Columbia Okanagan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Frost, Ruth H. (2018) "The Evolution of Personal Pledging for the Freemen of Norwich, 1365-1441," Quidditas: Vol. 39 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol39/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 39 94 The Evolution of Personal Pledging for the Freemen of Norwich, 1365-1441 Ruth H. Frost University of British Columbia Okanagan This paper examines the evolution of the personal pledging system used by newly admitted freemen, or citizens, of Norwich between 1365 and 1441. It argues that in the late fourteenth century new freemen chose their own sureties, and a large, diverse body of men acted as their pledges. The personal pledging system changed early in the fifteenth century, however, and from 1420 to 1441 civic office holders, particularly the sheriffs, served as the vast majority of pledges. This alteration to the pledging system coincided with changes to the structure and composition of Norwich’s government, and it paralleled a decrease in opportunities for the majority of Norwich’s freemen to participate in civic government.1 On September 14, 1365, thirteen men came before Norwich’s assembly and swore their oaths as new freemen of the city.2 They promised to pay entrance fees ranging from 13s. -
Wales and Slavery-2007
A Wales Office Publication Wales and SLAVERY Marking 200 years since the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act Foreword The Slave Compensation Commission here can be few episodes in the history of the world that Thave been more shameful or inhuman than the The Wales Office has its own direct historic link with the abolition transatlantic slave trade. of the slave trade. Gwydyr House – home to the Wales Office in Whitehall, London Wales was part of this: Welsh men and women made large – was used to accommodate the Slave Compensation Commission profits from slavery. Equally people from Wales fought hard for for part of its life in the 19th Century. its abolition, with 1807 marking the beginning of the long road to the eventual abolition of slavery within the former British The Commission was one of the more controversial outcomes Empire by 1833. of the abolition of slavery. It was established in 1833 following the decision by the British Government to set aside £20 million Today, it is difficult to understand how this appalling crime to compensate planters, slave traders and slave owners for the against humanity - fuelled by racism and greed - was ever abolition. Today that figure would equate to £2billion. Nothing acceptable, let alone legal. But what is even harder to was ever awarded to a former slave. comprehend is that, although slavery was finally legally abolished after a long struggle in the Americas in 1888, it still continues in practice today. Over 20 million people across the world are estimated still to be suffering in the miserable daily reality of slavery and servitude. -
(Public Pack)Agenda Document for Court of Common Council, 05/03
Public Document Pack PLEASE BRING THIS AGENDA WITH YOU 1 The Lord Mayor will take the Chair at ONE of the clock in the afternoon precisely. COMMON COUNCIL SIR/MADAM, You are desired to be at a Court of Common Council, at GUILDHALL, on THURSDAY next, the 5th day of March, 2020. JOHN BARRADELL, Town Clerk & Chief Executive. Guildhall, Wednesday 26th February 2020 Vincent Thomas Keaveny Aldermen on the Rota The Rt Hon. the Baroness Patricia Scotland of Asthal, QC 2 1 Apologies 2 Declarations by Members under the Code of Conduct in respect of any items on the agenda 3 Minutes To agree the minutes of the meeting of the Court of Common Council held on 16 January 2020. For Decision (Pages 1 - 16) 4 Resolutions on Retirements, Congratulatory Resolutions, Memorials 5 Mayoral Visits The Right Honourable The Lord Mayor to report on his recent overseas visits. 6 Policy Statement To receive a statement from the Chairman of the Policy and Resources Committee. 7 Docquets for the Hospital Seal 8 The Freedom of the City To consider a circulated list of applications for the Freedom of the City. For Decision (Pages 17 - 22) 9 Legislation To receive a report setting out measures introduced into Parliament which may have an effect on the services provided by the City Corporation. For Information (Pages 23 - 24) 10 Ballot Results The Town Clerk to report the outcome of the ballot taken at the last Court: Where appropriate:- * denotes a Member standing for re-appointment; denotes appointed. Two Members to the Trust for London. -
Public Report REPORT BACK on CONFERENCE/SEMINAR
abc Public report REPORT BACK ON CONFERENCE/SEMINAR REPORT TO: Scrutiny Co-ordination Committee 12 th December 2012 REPORT OF: The Lord Mayor of Coventry 2012/13 Councillor Tim Sawdon TITLE: Civic visit to Jinan & Beijing, China DATE: 18 th – 26 th September 2012 VENUE: Jinan and Beijing , China 1. Recommendation The Scrutiny Co-ordination Committee is recommended to endorse the report of the Lord Mayor's civic visit to Jinan and Beijing, the positive outcomes achieved and to endorse the proposed actions arising. 2. Background The Lord and Lady Mayoress were invited to attend the 2012 Jinan Cultural Sister Cities Cultural Exchange and Springs Dialogue. The conference was attended by 19 international delegates for 14 countries including the US, South Africa, France, Germany, Finland and many others. As Coventry is the longest standing of Jinan's twin cities Coventry was the lead delegation and the Lord Mayor was, on a number of occasions, asked to represent all the visiting delegations. The Lord and Lady Mayoress were accompanied by Richard Moon, Senior Development Executive, from City Services & Development Directorate and Mark Eaton, Director of the China Liaison Office, UKTI, who was able to combine this visit with a Trade mission to Hong Kong and China. The conference culminated in the signing of a declaration committing all the participating delegations to work together in promoting cultural exchange, tourism, educational and economic co-operation and protection of the environment. A copy of the declaration is annexed hereto (appendix A). A key theme of the conference was the subject of water utilisation and preservation, a key issue for the rapidly expanding Chinese economy. -
Annual Report for 2018
P a g e | 1 ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2018 Lord Mayor of Cork, Councillor Tony Fitzgerald, and Director of the CLRG, Dr Aodh Quinlivan, present a copy of The Freedom of Cork to the Mayor of San Francisco, Mark Farrell, in April 2018. P a g e | 2 CONTENTS Page 1 Cover Page – CLRG Annual Report for 2018 Page 2 Contents Page 3 Director’s Report Page 4 CLRG Advisory Boards and Affiliations Page 5 Guest Lecture by Danny O’Connor Page 6 Cork Business Association Annual Awards Page 7 Launch of Tip O’Neill Annual Lecture Series in Cork and Boston Page 8 Third Annual CLRG Public Lecture Series Page 9 Third Annual CLRG Public Lecture Series Page 10 Third Annual CLRG Public Lecture Series Page 11 RTÉ Brainstorm on Directly Elected Mayors Page 12 Visits to Cork City Hall Page 13 Visits to Cork City Hall Page 14 Cork Delegation to Sister City, San Francisco Page 15 Evening Echo Lord Mayor Special Page 16 Forthcoming Publications – Vindicating Dublin Page 17 Directly Elected Mayors Page 18 ISS21 Seminar on Local Participation Page 19 Council of Europe Appointment Page 20 Atlantic Social Lab International Project The 20th Philip Monahan Memorial Lecture, sponsored by the CLRG, was delivered by Professor Fiona Mackay from the University of Edinburgh. P a g e | 3 DIRECTOR’S REPORT I am delighted to report that 2018 was another fantastic year for UCC’s Centre for Local and Regional Governance. In this 20-page annual report, I hope that you get a sense of the activities of the CLRG and the research in which we are engaged. -
Commander's Guide to German Society, Customs, and Protocol
Headquarters Army in Europe United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army Pamphlet 360-6* United States Army Installation Management Agency Europe Region Office Heidelberg, Germany 20 September 2005 Public Affairs Commanders Guide to German Society, Customs, and Protocol *This pamphlet supersedes USAREUR Pamphlet 360-6, 8 March 2000. For the CG, USAREUR/7A: E. PEARSON Colonel, GS Deputy Chief of Staff Official: GARY C. MILLER Regional Chief Information Officer - Europe Summary. This pamphlet should be used as a guide for commanders new to Germany. It provides basic information concerning German society and customs. Applicability. This pamphlet applies primarily to commanders serving their first tour in Germany. It also applies to public affairs officers and protocol officers. Forms. AE and higher-level forms are available through the Army in Europe Publishing System (AEPUBS). Records Management. Records created as a result of processes prescribed by this publication must be identified, maintained, and disposed of according to AR 25-400-2. Record titles and descriptions are available on the Army Records Information Management System website at https://www.arims.army.mil. Suggested Improvements. The proponent of this pamphlet is the Office of the Chief, Public Affairs, HQ USAREUR/7A (AEAPA-CI, DSN 370-6447). Users may suggest improvements to this pamphlet by sending DA Form 2028 to the Office of the Chief, Public Affairs, HQ USAREUR/7A (AEAPA-CI), Unit 29351, APO AE 09014-9351. Distribution. B (AEPUBS) (Germany only). 1 AE Pam 360-6 ● 20 Sep 05 CONTENTS Section I INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose 2. References 3. Explanation of Abbreviations 4. General Section II GETTING STARTED 5. -
Mautner, Karl.Toc.Pdf
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project KARL F. MAUTNER Interviewed by: Thomas J. Dunnigan Initial interview date: May 12, 1993 opyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Austria Austrian Army 1 35-1 36 Emigrated to US 1 40 US Army, World War II Berlin 1 45-1 5, Divided Berlin Soviet Blockade and US Airlift .urrency Reform- Westmark Elections, 01 4,1 Federal Basic 2a3 and Berlin East vs. West Berlin Revolt in East Berlin With Brandt and Other Personalities Bureau of .ultural Affairs - State Department 1 5,-1 61 European E5change Program Officer Berlin Task Force 1 61-1 65 Berlin Wall 6ice President 7ohnson8s visit to Berlin 9hartoum, Sudan 1 63-1 65 .hief of political Section Sudan8s North-South Rivalry .oup d8etat Department of State, Detailed to NASA 1 65 Negotiating Facilities Abroad Retirement 1 General .omments of .areer INTERVIEW %: Karl, my first (uestion to you is, give me your background. I understand that you were born in Austria and that you were engaged in what I would call political work from your early days and that you were active in opposition to the Na,is. ould you tell us something about that- MAUTNER: Well, that is an oversimplification. I 3as born on the 1st of February 1 15 in 6ienna and 3orked there, 3ent to school there, 3as a very poor student, and joined the Austrian army in 1 35 for a year. In 1 36 I got a job as accountant in a printing firm. I certainly couldn8t call myself an active opposition participant after the Anschluss. -
Cities Call for a More Sustainable and Equitable European Future
Cities call for a more sustainable and equitable European future An open letter to the European Council and its Member States Tuesday 30th April 2019, President of the European Council, Heads of States and Governments of the European Union Member States, We, the undersigned mayors and heads of local governments have come together to urge the Heads of States and Governments of the Member States to commit the European Union (EU) and all European institutions to a long-term climate strategy with the objective of reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 – when they meet at the Future of Europe conference in Sibiu, Romania on 9 May, 2019. The urgency of the climate crisis requires immediate action, stepping up our climate ambition and pursuing every effort to keep global temperature rise below 1.5C by mid-century, as evidenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5C. Current energy and climate policies in place globally, set the planet on a global warming pathway of 3°C. We are reminded of the inadequacy of our response to climate change, by the thousands of young people demonstrating each week on the streets of European cities - and around the world. We cannot let the status quo jeopardise their future and those of millions of European citizens. We owe it to the next generation to make more ambitious commitments to address climate change at all levels of government and in every aspect of European policy-making. We acknowledge and support the positions of the European Parliament and of the Commission to pursue net-zero emissions as the only viable option for the future of Europe and the world. -
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey Civic Service attended in Civic State by The Lord Mayor of Westminster Councillor Audrey Lewis and Councillors of the City of Westminster Sunday 6 th July 2014 11.00 am THE CITY OF WESTMINSTER Westminster first achieved the status of a city in 1540 when, for only ten years, it became a bishopric. Its first recorded civic administration dates from 1585, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, when an Act authorised the establishment of a Court of Burgesses ‘for the good government of the City of Westminster’. While Queen Elizabeth I was creating mayors elsewhere in England, she was concerned that a mayor in Westminster might challenge the authority of the monarch in her own capital city, and she therefore appointed instead the High Steward of Westminster Abbey as Chairman of her newly created Court of Burgesses. The first High Steward to chair the new Court of Burgesses was the Queen’s First Minister, William Cecil, Lord Burleigh. The Court of Burgesses was an administrative body which dealt with public health and morality, planning permissions, the prevention and punishment of crime, and the regulation of weights and measures. It comprised twelve Burgesses appointed by the Dean—one for each ward. However, when the London Government Act of 1899 created twenty-eight Metropolitan Borough Councils, each having an elected Mayor, Aldermen, and Councillors, the authority of the Dean and the High Steward in secular affairs ceased. The last High Steward who was also effectively Mayor was Lord Salisbury, who was then also Prime Minister. The Duke of Norfolk was the first Mayor of Westminster. -
Freedom, N. : Oxford English Dictionary 2/20/20, 13:15
freedom, n. : Oxford English Dictionary 2/20/20, 13:15 Oxford English Dictionary | The definitive record of the English language freedom, n. Pronunciation: Brit. /ˈfriːdəm/, U.S. /ˈfridəm/ Forms: α. eOE freodoom, eOE friadom, OE freodum (rare), OE freogdom (in a late copy), OE freohdom (rare), OE freowdom (probably transmission error), OE frigedom (rare), OE–eME freodom, OE–eME friodom, lOE frigdom, lOE frydom, lOE–eME fridom, eME friedom, ME ffredam, ME ffredom, ME fredam, ME fredame, ME fredowm, ME fredowme, ME freedam, ME freodam, ME–15 ffredome, ME–16 fredome, ME–16 freedome, ME–18 fredom, ME– freedom, 15–16 freedoom, 15–16 freedoome, 16 ffreedom, 16 ffreedome; Scottish pre-17 freddome, pre-17 fredom, pre-17 fredome, pre-17 fredoum, pre-17 fredoume, pre- 17 fredowm, pre-17 fredowme, pre-17 fredum, pre-17 fredume, pre-17 fredwm, pre-17 fredwme, pre-17 freedome, pre-17 freidom, pre-17 freidome, pre-17 fridome, pre-17 friedom, pre-17 friedome, pre-17 17– freedom. β. southern ME uridom, ME vridom. Frequency (in current use): Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymons: FREE adj., -DOM suffix. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian frīdōm (West Frisian frijdom ), Middle Dutch vrīdoem , vrīdom (Dutch vrijdom , vrijdoom , now rare and archaic), Middle Low German vrīdōm , Old High German frītuom (Middle High German vrītuom ) < the Germanic base of FREE adj. + the Germanic base of -DOM suffix. Compare also Old Frisian frīhēd (West Frisian frijheid ), Middle Dutch vrīheid (Dutch vrijheid ), Middle Low German vrīhēt , vrīheit ( > Old Swedish frihet (Swedish frihet )), Old High German frīheit (Middle High German vrīheit , German Freiheit ), and the Germanic forms cited at FRELS v. -
(Public Pack)Agenda Document for Court of Aldermen, 11/05/2021 12:30
Public Document Pack COURT OF ALDERMEN SIR/MADAM YOUR Worship is desired to be at a public meeting of the Court of Aldermen on Tuesday next, the 11th day of MAY, 2021. The public meeting will be accessible at: https://youtu.be/J6vJYUjKhqo The Lord Mayor will take the Chair at 12.30 pm of the clock in the afternoon precisely. (if unable to attend please inform the Town Clerk at once.) TIM ROLPH, Swordbearer. Swordbearer’s Office, Mansion House, Tuesday, 4th May 2021 1 Question - That the minutes of the last Courts held on 16 March 2021 and 12 April 2021 are an accurate record? (Pages 7 - 12) 2 Resolutions on Retirements, Congratulatory Resolutions, memorials, etc. 3 The Chamberlain to make the prescribed declaration under the Promissory Oaths Act, 1868 4 Mr Chamberlain's list of Applicants for the Freedom of the City:- Name Occupation Address Company Jenny Louise Adin- an Embroiderer Merstham, Redhill, Broderers Christie Surrey Vikas Aggarwal a Government Southwark International Bankers Accountant Andrew John Lorne a Solicitor and Ealing Arbitrators Aglionby Arbitrator 2 Name Occupation Address Company Philip James Ambler a Policy Consultant Sevenoaks, Kent Spectacle Makers Maria Eugenia Baker a Paper Conservator Chiswick Tin Plate Workers Alias Wire Workers Judith Margaret a Meat Retail Reading, Berkshire Butchers Batchelar, OBE Company Director Benjamin Bayer a Farmer Blandford, Dorset Butchers Nichola Anne Begg a Sales Manager Chippenham, Wiltshire Information Technologists Mark Lafe Berman a Lawyer Golders Green Solicitors Roger Clive -
The Lord Mountevans'
In Support Of The Lord Mountevans’ Reflections as 688th Lord Mayor of London BENEFICIARY TRANSCRIPT Your Excellency, Minister, Deputy Master, Aldermen, Masters, Ladies and Gentlemen May I begin by first extending my own warm personal welcome to you all to Trinity House, one of THE most important maritime organisations here in this maritime country. Thank you, Deputy Master, for the opportu- nity to dine in this glorious and his- toric setting. The Lord Mayor, who holds office for just one year, heads the Corporation, and is primarily the chief spokesman and ambassador for London and the UK’s world-leading Financial and Professional Services (FPS). Because the City’s role is so wide and given that there are numerous stakeholders to represent and engage with, there are many who contribute to the very busy programme, including the Government. For example, the overseas visits programme is developed in conjunction with the FCO and business. National and International events as well as important anniversaries also play a role. What I am trying to indicate is that the Lord Mayor does not have as much “rudder” over his or her programme as might be imagined. However, Lord Mayors each have their own individual character and their own individual style. They also have their own individual business backgrounds. The one year of office is, I believe, an advantage as it brings renewed energy and freshness and enables a spot- light to be shone on a different sector each year in line with the individual’s background. As many of you know, my background is very maritime.