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Middle Miocene Foraminifera from Romania: Order Buliminida, Part I

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ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA ROMANIAE V. 5 (2005), P. 379-396 MIDDLE MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM ROMANIA: ORDER BULIMINIDA, PART I Gheorghe POPESCU1 and Ileana-Monica CRIHAN2 Abstract: From the very rich and diverse order Buliminida, the authors tried to describe and figure in this paper some species from the superfamilies Bolivinacea, Loxostomacea, Bolivinitacea, Cassidulinacea, Turrilinacea, and Buliminacea found in the Middle Miocene deposits from Romania. The described specimens come from the south-western border of the Pannonian Basin (Bega and Caransebeş intermountaineous basins), from samples collected both in outcrops (Balta Sărată, Lăpugiu, Panc, Coştiuiul de Sus-Nemeşeşti) and in drillings (Zlăgniţa, Coşava, Coşuştea, Coştei, etc.). Beside the mentioned areas some specimens come from northern and north-western Transylvania (Chiuza, Popeşti, Notelec). Key words: Buliminida, Middle Miocene, Romania INTRODUCTION of view of the foraminiferal content the most significant investigated geological sections are The exhaustive knowledge of the foraminiferal situated in the southern part of the eastern border microfaunas from the marine Middle Miocene from of the Pannonian Basin (Caransebeş – Mehadia Romania is one of the goals proposed by these Basin and Zarand Basin), in the western part of the authors. There have already been published some Getic Depression (Western Oltenia), the papers regarding the agglutinated foraminifera subcarpathian units (Subcarpathian Nappe and (Popescu, 1999), the miliolids (Popescu & Crihan, Tarcău Nappe), Transylvanian Basin and 2002), the nodosariids (Popescu & Crihan, 2004a) Maramureş Basin. To these, samples collected and the unicameral calcareous foraminifera from continous drilling cores from Caransebeş – (Popescu & Crihan, 2004b), and in an older paper Lugoj area (Banat) and Romanian Plain are added. the Sarmatian foraminifera (Popescu, 1995). As for the foraminifera from the order Buliminida, Here, we intend the presentation of the most of the samples were collected (from drillings foraminifera from the order Buliminida, which for or outcrops) from Caransebeş – Mehadia Basin, make-up reasons will be divided into two parts. and especially from its eastern prolongation - Most of the worked material comes from Bega Basin, from Zarand Basin, Western Getic samples collected during different activities Depression, Subcarpathians, and north-western performed for the Geological Institute of Romania. Transylvania (Fig. 1). Excepting the Cenozoic cover of the Moldavian The foraminifera from the order Buliminida were Platform, the authors have collected samples from commonly recorded from pelitic deposits, in distal all major tectonic units of Romania. From the point shelf or bathyal facies and, quite rarely, in proximal Fig. 1. Geological sketch of Romania with locations of sampled sections 1 Institutul Geologic al României, Str. Caransebeş nr. 1, Bucureşti, [email protected] 2 Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploieşti, Bd. Bucureşti nr. 39, Ploieşti, [email protected] Gheorghe POPESCU and Ileana-Monica CRIHAN shelf deposits. The most representative samples straight in central portion, curved at the periphery; were collected from the famous fossiliferous wall densely perforate, except for initial part (2, 3 locations from Lăpugiu de Sus and Coştei, as well chambers pairs) and periapertural area; aperture as from the drillings from the Bega basin (F3, F4, an oval, elongate opening above the base of the F5) – between Coştei and Făget. last formed chamber, with exposed tooth plate, In the Badenian (Langhian and Lower bordered by a distinct lip. Serravallian) the faunas occur in the upper part of Occurrence: Middle Miocene (Kossovian and the Moravian, in the Wielician and Kossovian sporadical in Moravian). A similar species was (Buliminidae, Baggatellidae, Uvigerinidae). In the described as Bolivina pungoensis (Gibson 1983, p. Lower Moravian occur many uvigerinas from the 382, pl. 8, figs. 1-11) from the Middle Miocene group macrocarinata and Bolivinidae, together with Pungo River Formation (North Carolina). B. numerous Lenticulinidae. In the systematic pungoensis differs in having clear lobs giving descriptions of the species the ages and apparently a lobate sutural line. Specimens having sometimes the planktonic foraminifera biozone almost parallel margins ( pl. 1, fig. 6), conferred to where they were recorded from are usually the same species, remind of Bolivina pokornyi indicated. The regional biozonation proposed by gracilis Cicha & Zapletalova (1963, p. 143, text-fig. Popescu & Crihan (2004) was used in this paper. 18). SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Bolivina cf. pokornyi CICHA & ZAPLETALOVA, 1963 Order BULIMINIDA FURSENKO, 1958 (pl. 1, fig. 5) Superfamily Bolivinacea GLAESSNER, 1937 Remarks. This species was described from Fam. Bolivinidae GLAESSNER, 1937 deposits of the same age as B. dilatata Genus Bolivina d'ORBIGNY, 1839 (Kossovian, auct. Upper Tortonian). Our specimens differ from the type (Bolivina pokornyi Bolivina dilatata REUSS, 1850 pokornyi Cicha & Zapletalova, 1963, p. 140, text- (pl. 1, fig. 1) figs.17a-c) in their straight sutures at 35-45 Bolivina dilatata REUSS, 1850, p. 381, pl. 48, fig. 15; degrees to the horizontal and more dense Cushman, 1937, p. 78, pl. 9, figs. 17-20. chambers. Bolivina dilatata dilatata Reuss. Cicha & Zapletalova, 1963, p 131, text-figs. 11a-f. Bolivina maxima CICHA & ZAPLETALOVA, 1963 Test ovate, elongate, slightly lanceolate, (pl. 1, figs. 7-9) compressed, biserial throughout, gently tapering Bolivina dilatata maxima CICHA & ZAPLETALOVA, towards both ends; peripheral margin lobate, 1963, p. 136, fig. 15; Papp & Cicha, 1978, p. 290 pl. subacute; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, inner 15, figs. 2, 3; Rogl in Cicha et al., 1998, p. 82, pl. 43, basal part of chambers extending over earlier one; figs. 21, 22. sutures distinct, slightly depressed, slightly Remarks. This species is abundant in the sinusoidal, at 30-40 degrees to the horizontal; wall Kossovian deposits from the eastern border of the smooth, densely perforate; aperture narrow, an Pannonian Depression. The figured specimens ovate-elongate opening surrounded by slightly come from Balta Sărată, south of Caransebes. elevated border, at the base of the inner margin of Bolivina maxima differs of B. dilatata in lanceolate, the last formed chamber, with distinct tooth plate. triangular outline and limbate sutures. Occurrence: common in Middle Miocene deposits from Transylvania and eastern border of Bolivina viennensis (MARKS), 1951 the Pannonian Depression. (pl. 1, figs. 14-16) Remarks. Bolivina dilatata differs of B. pokornyi Bolivina viennensis MARKS, 1951, p. 60, pl. 7, fig. 1; in strongly curved sutures and subtriangular shape Cicha & Zapletalova, 1963, p. 129, text-fig. 5; in lateral view. Verhoeve, 1970, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 3; Bolivina papulata Rögl, in Cicha et al., 1998, p. 85, pl. 42, fig. 15 (non Cushman, 1936, p. 52, pl. 7, fig. 21 Bolivina jriensis TEDESCHI, 1957 or Cushman, 1937, p. 83, pl. 10, fig. 1). (pl. 1, figs. 2-4) Remarks. The test is elongate, compressed, Bolivina jriensis TEDESCHI, 1957, (in Tedeschi, D. and with subacute peripheral margins, characterized Zanmatti, C., Diagnosi di forme nueve). Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratiggrafia, 63/4, p. 251 text-figs 5a, b by longitudinal, dense, anomostosed ribs which (fide Ellis & Messina). obscured the surface of the test. Bolivina aff. iriensis Tedeschi. Cicha & Zapletalova, Range: Rare in Langhian (Lower Badenian). 1963, p. 145, text-fig. 20; Rögl, in Cicha et al., 1998, p. 84, pl. 43, fig. 3. Bolivina retiformis CUSHMAN, 1936 Test biserial throughout, ovate, elongate in (pl. 1, figs. 11-13) outline, 2 to 2 ½ times as long as broad, Bolivina scalprata Schwager var. retiformis CUSHMAN compressed, tapering gently toward both ends; 1936, p. 53, pl. 7, fig. 19; Cushman, 1937, p. 84, pl. peripheral margin subacute, with spinose 9, figs. 35-37; Papp & Cicha, 1978, p.291, pl. 15, projections of the base chambers; chambers figs. 4, 5 distinct, slightly inflated; sutures deep, distinct, Range: Upper Langhian. 380 Middle Miocene Foraminifera from Romania: Order Buliminida, Part I Remarks. Close species are Bolivina reticulata Remarks. B. polonica is similar with B. hebes HANTKEN and B. anastomosa FINLAY (1939, p. from which differs by elongate, more compressed 320, pl. 27, figs. 75-77, 103, 111; see also and smaller test and parallel peripheral margins. Hornibrook, 1961, p. 72, pl. 10, fig. 188.). Range: This species is restricted, in Carpathian Area, to the Upper Badenian (Kossovian). Bolivina silvestrina CUSHMAN, 1936 (pl. 2, fig. 10) Bolivina crenulata CUSHMAN, 1936 Bolivina silvestrina CUSHMAN, 1936, p. 56, pl. 8, fig. 5; (pl. 2, figs. 4, 6-8) Cushman, 1937, p. 109, pl. 13, figs. 14-16. Bolivina crenulata CUSHMAN, 1936, p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 13; Test elongated, about 2 ½ times as long as Rögl (in Cicha et al., 1998), p. 83, pl. 43, figs. 11-12. broad, slightly compressed; periphery broadly Range: Rare in the Upper Lagenids Zone rounded; chambers, about 5-6 pairs, inflated, (Lower Badenian). about as high as broad, increasing in size as added; peripheral margins distinctly lobate; suture Bolivina moldavica DIDKOWSKI, 1958 depressed, slightly curved, forming an angle of (pl. 2, fig. 13) about 25-30o with the horizontal; wall coarsely Bolivina moldavica DIDKOWSKI. Didkowski & perforated and pores surrounded by a slightly Satanovskaya, 1970, p.143, pl. 82, fig. 7. elevated border near sutures; aperture large, Remarks. This species is similar to B. elliptical
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    Biogeography and Phylogenetics of the Planktonic Foraminifera Heidi Seears, BSc, MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2011 Abstract The planktonic foraminifera are a highly abundant and diverse group of marine pelagic protists that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the worlds’ oceans. These unicellular eukaryotes are encased in a calcareous (CaCO3) shell or ‘test’, the morphology of which is used to identify individual ‘morphospecies’. The foraminifera have an exceptional fossil record, spanning over 180 million years, and as microfossils provide a highly successful paleoproxy for dating sedimentary rocks and archiving past climate. Molecular studies, using the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal (r) RNA gene are used here to investigate the biogeographical distributions and phylogenetic relationships of the planktonic foraminifera. Biogeographical surveys of two markedly different areas of the global ocean, the tropical Arabian Sea, and the transitional/sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean, revealed significant genotypic variation within the planktonic foraminifera, with some genetic types being sequenced here for the first time. The foraminiferal genotypes displayed non-random geographical distributions, suggestive of distinct ecologies, giving insight into the possible mechanisms of diversification in these marine organisms. The ecological segregation of genetically divergent but morphologically cryptic genetic types could, however, have serious repercussions on their use as paleoproxies of past climate change. Phylogenetic analyses of the foraminifera based firstly on a partial ~1,000 bp terminal 3´ fragment of the SSU rRNA gene, and secondly on the ~3,000 bp almost complete gene supported the hypothesis of the polyphyletic origins of the planktonic foraminifera, which appear to be derived from up to 5 separate benthic ancestral lineages.
  • Short Treatise on Foraminiferology (Essential on Modern and Fossil Foraminifera)

    Short Treatise on Foraminiferology (Essential on Modern and Fossil Foraminifera)

    J.-P. BELLIER* 12 rue de Voize, 93360 Neuilly-Plaisance (France) R. MATHIEU* 4 rue de Jarente, 75004 Paris (France) *ancienne adresse : Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris Vème B. GRANIER Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France) courriel/email: [email protected] ISBN 978-2-916733-07-4 Dépôt légal à parution Manuscrit en ligne depuis le 1 Juillet 2010 Carnets de Géologie (2010 : Livre 2 - Book 2) Foreword After some forty years in the academic world and before abandoning a position as an employee of the State educational system to enter the new world of "pensioners", it seemed worthwhile to the first author (J.-P.B.) of this brief discussion to compile a short document that presents a synopsis of the knowledge acquired, taught and put to use for more than four decades. This fascicle reviews only the foraminifers, which, along with calcareous nannofossils, are the fundamental tools of modern biostratigraphy, used for worldwide oceanographic studies and for the correlation of oil wells. It deals essentially with the small foraminifers, that is those of modest size without a complex internal architecture. These include the planktonic foraminifers of which the rapid evolution and great dispersion permit the establishment of reliable biochronologic scales of reference. This short course is intended for students preparing for the CAPES (Certificat d'aptitude au professorat de l'enseignement du second degré = Certificate of Aptitude for a Professorship of Instruction in the Second Grade), for students working toward the Aggregation in Natural Sciences in pursuit of a scientific career in the universities or in the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique = National Centre for Scientific Research), and for students who hope to work in the oil industry where a specialization in the field of micropaleontology is considered useful and is still valued.