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Dialogues on Party Systems and Global Democratisation DIALOGUES ON PARTY SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL DEMOCRATISATION KATARINA SEHM-PATOMÄKI AND MARKO ULVILA (EDS.) NIGD WORKING PAPER 2/2006 ISSN: 1458-7815 Dialogues on Party Systems and ISBN-13: 952-5455-06-8 Global Democratisation ISBN-10: 978-952-5455-06-9 Katarina Sehm-Patomäki and Marko Ulvila (eds.) © The authors 2006 NIGD, Network Institute for Global Democratization www.nigd.org [email protected] NIGD Working Paper 2/2006 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements......................................................5 PART III: BACKGROUND PAPERS..................................79 Introduction................................................................6 Katarina Sehm-Patomäki and Marko Ulvila The Formation of Global Political Will.............................80 Tord Björk PART I: REPORTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUES 7 Islam and Transnational Political Movements..................92 Marko Ulvila Dialogue Report I - Helsinki...........................................8 Annex: Should we have a global party?.........................97 Katarina Sehm-Patomäki and Marko Ulvila Marko Ulvila Dialogue Report II - New Delhi.....................................21 About the Contributors................................................99 Vagish K. Jha Dialogue Report III - Bamako......................................36 Katarina Sehm-Patomäki Dialogue report IV - Caracas........................................51 Hanna Laako PART II: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES ...................................................................55 International left collaboration and socialist renewal........56 John Percy Socialist International.................................................61 Liberal International...................................................65 International Democrat Union......................................70 Miika Kopperoinen Global Greens............................................................73 Margaret Blakers 4 with NIGD took place during the busier times of this project, thank you for being with us! Particular thanks to Vijay Pratap for encouragement and advice throughout the process. And last, but definitely not least, a warm thank you to Lisa Jordan and the Ford Foundation for having funded the core of this project! The Editors ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, we would like to thank all the contributors to this project; those of you who have written articles and comments for this Working Paper, and those who took active part in the dialogues. In addition to the names that appear in this volume, we would like to extend a particular thank you to Tord Björk, Patrick Bond, Devdutt, Norm Dixon, Roger Hällhag, Douglas Lummis, Harsh Mander, Alan Murphy, Thomas Ponniah, Suresh Sharma, Digvijay Singh and Peter Waterman for commenting, and at times sharply questioning, either our points of departure or the ideas around political parties ± or maybe both ± thus pushing our thinking forward. We would like to extend special thanks to Ruby van der Wekken for her high level of energy, contagious positive attitude and immense patience in facilitating the preparations and follow-up to the multilingual dialogues at the technically and administratively challenging polycentric social forums in Bamako, Mali (in French), Caracas, Venezuela (in Spanish) and Karachi, Pakistan (in English and Urdu). Thank you also to Sajjad Anwar, Rakesh Bhatt, Roxana Crisologo, Chhotan Das, Birendra Gupta, Vagish K. Jha, Arun Kumar, Hanna Laako, Jenny Lindborg, Jordi Lopez, Nizamuddin Nizamani, Johnattan Rupire, Mika Rönkkö, Mikko Sauli, Tove Selin, Gauri Shankar, Narendra Singh and Kai Vaara, for your participation and kind assistance in organising the dialogues in New Delhi, Bamako, Caracas, and Karachi. Thanks to Robyn Milburn ± the only native English speaker on this NIGD project team ± for speedy and thorough proof reading. Robyn's calm assistance in thoroughly transforming our clumsy English into smooth and flowing language has been most valuable. Coincidently, Robyn's internship 5 In order to facilitate the inclusion of voices outside the world of writing, NIGD organised four dialogues encouraging discussions on political parties, democracy and globalisation. The first dialogue took place in Helsinki in September 2005, a second one followed in New Delhi in November. The third and fourth dialogues were held in January 2006 in conjunction with the polycentric World Social Forums in Bamako, Mali and Caracas, Venezuela.3 At these dialogues, we presented and distributed early and partial drafts of the working papers. This Working Paper, Dialogues on Party Systems and Global INTRODUCTION Democratisation includes complete reports from the four dialogues, presentations of the Party Internationals and selected background documents. As part of this NIGD process, we have issued an accompanying sister NIGD Working Paper 1/2006 called Democratic Politics Globally ± Elements for Dialogue on Global Political Party Formations. It consists of the above Katarina Sehm-Patomäki and Marko Ulvila mentioned background paper and other contributions requested within the frames of the project. Additionally, in the paper we have included text boxes from the discussions held at the dialogues and presentations of the In April 2004, NIGD (Network Institute for Global Democratization) international associations of political parties. associates started discussions around the theme of a global political party. A Another accompanying NIGD volume, NIGD Discussion Paper 1/2006 quick round of consultation among our colleagues revealed that some, at entitled Political Parties and Global Democratisation: Lessons from the Past least Heikki Patomäki, Vijay Pratap and Teivo Teivainen, had at some point and Future Prospects summarises the new stage of our thinking following given thought to the concept of a global political party in their works.1 A the work of the Working Papers, and defines an agenda for future work and virtual visit to the library disclosed that in general, surprisingly little has debates. The specific focus of the NIGD Discussion Paper is to spark been written ± academic or otherwise ± on the theme of transnational discussions in and among different and differing corners, groups and actors association or operation of political parties. We also soon discovered that it around the globe on political parties. proves important to speak of parties in the plural as opposed to the singular. The Working Papers, the Discussion Paper, and additional material on The project Elements for a Dialogue on Global Political Party NIGD's project on global political parties are available on the site Formations kicked off in September 2005. The objective of the project was http://www.nigd.org/globalparties to hear views on the idea of global political parties from a diverse political and social spectrum. The methodology paralleled an earlier NIGD project, In Helsinki and Tampere, Finland, on 1 September 2006 North-South Dialogues2, where NIGD invites experts to write analysis on a certain theme, based on a background paper. In this current project, the background paper was written by Heikki Patomäki and Teivo Teivainen. Katarina Sehm-Patomäki Marko Ulvila [email protected] [email protected] 1 For an initial e-mail about the topic see Annex: Should we have a global party? 2 See Rikkilä, Leena and Katarina Sehm-Patomäki (eds) (2002): From a Global Market Place to Political Spaces - the North-South Dialogue Continues, NIGD Working Paper 3 The project organised also a dialogue session at the Karachi polycentric World Social 1/2002, Helsinki Forum VI in March 2006 to present the project. 6 PART I: REPORTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUES 7 Thomas Wallgren, University of Helsinki, Finland As the current chair of NIGD, I would like to welcome you all. Our purpose Dialogue Report I today is to brainstorm and refresh our thinking regarding the concept of international political party formations. This is the topic of a new NIGD research project. We want to start the project on a good track, and for this reason we have initiated this session to share ideas and to conjure up fresh, AN INTERNATIONAL open-ended, new thinking. In this spirit, I will launch the discussions by noting the two main DIALOGUE ON PARTY aims that inform this project: firstly the political aim, providing tools that may be conducive to comprehensive democratisation and just SYSTEMS, DEMOCRACY AND transformation, and secondly, the intellectual aim, enhancing our self- understanding. The links and tensions between these aims are an ongoing GLOBALISATION reflective concern for many of us, but I shall not pursue that topic here. I will offer remarks on two large topics: the history and future of parties, and the discourse of global governance. And I will then close with 7 September 2005, Helsinki, Finland some more telegraphic remarks. In the modern world, parties fulfil the function of mediating between the will-formation that evolves from civil society and the execution of state power. In this function, parties are irreplaceable. In modern, complex Katarina Sehm-Patomäki and Marko Ulvila societies, direct democracy needs, even in ideal cases, substantial service from a representative system, with elected assemblies. Hence, modern social formations need, as an essential tool for democracy, civil society based organisations competing for the votes of electorates in free and fair On 7 September 2005, NIGD organised the first dialogue in a series of events elections. Such organisations play the role of parties, regardless
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