Socio-Economic Development Indicators: a Critical Appraisal Of

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Research Article

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF GWALIOR REGION Anjali S. Patil, Dr. R. K. Pandit Address for Correspondence Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, MP, INDIA Professor, Department of Architecture, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, MP, INDIA. Mail ID: [email protected] people living in a time or place are able to INTRODUCTION: satisfy their wants. Human Development is a development paradigm Study Area that is about much more than the rise or fall of Gwalior District lies between latitude 26°13'N National Income. It is about creating an and longitude 76°10'E. The district has an area environment in which people can develop their of 5,214 km² and elevation 197m (646 feet) and full potential and lead productive, creative lives a population 16,29,881 (2001 census), a 26% in accordance with their needs and interests. increase from 1991 and thus making a perfect People are the real wealth of nations. case of urbanization. Gwalior District is Development is thus about expanding the bounded by the districts of Bhind to the choices people have to lead lives that they value. northeast, Datia to the east, Shivpuri to the Fundamental to enlarging these choices is south, Sheopur to the east, and Morena to the building human capabilities —the range of northwest. Other cities/ towns in this district are things that people can do or be in life. The most Antari, Bhitarwar, Bilaua, Dabra, Morar basic capabilities for human development are to Cantonment, Pichhore, and Tekanpur. lead long and healthy lives, to be Dataset: knowledgeable, to have access to the resources The Gwalior District Socio-Economic Index was needed for a decent standard of living and to be developed using data from the 2001 Census of able to participate in the life of the community. Population and dwelling. These records include The standard of living refers to the quality and information on occupation, education, income, quantity of goods and services available to employment status, hours worked, age, sex and people, and the way these goods and services are ethnic group, all of which have been used in the distributed within a population. It is generally development and testing of the Gwalior District. measured by access and quality of health care, Economic Resources educational standards and social rights are often The occupational pattern for Gwalior city used as well. Examples are access to certain indicates a slight shift from the manufacturing goods (such as number of post offices, telephone sector to the commercial sector during the last connections etc per 1000 people), or measures of few decades. While the industrial growth within health such as life desires It is the ease by which the city limits seems to have slowed down, there

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

is further increase in the trade and commerce economic resource is noticed in year 2002-03, activities. The trend also indicates that large but next two year there is no rise in economical increase in industrial workforce has apparently resource. There is need to generate more been absorbed in the neighboring towns of economic resources like Industries, Roads etc. to Morena and Bhind. The current economic base maintain the quality of the living standard. of the city remains commerce. There is a large Human Resources: component of the workforce in the service sector Urban services of any area depend on Human too which includes tourism and Education. Resources like Male female population, Total However, it has been observed that tourist workers, Cultivators, agricultural population, infrastructure in the city is not present in Household persons etc. The present study has proportion to the tourist potential of the town. been carried for, Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon and There is thus a large scope for growth in this Morar area of Gwalior district in Madhya sector. Industries are now coming up in a Pradesh. Table 1.2 shows the Human resources planned manner in integrated industrial of these areas, and According to this table estates which are developed and managed economic status of Bhitarwar block is high as by independent industrial development compared to other four blocks. corporations. The importance of Gwalior as • The situation of human resources is very a vibrant industrial base lies its strategic low in Gird region as compared to other location and the status given to it of a four blocks and need to be given more counter magnet to the National Capital attention for the development. Region. It is imperative therefore that any • In Ghatigao region human resources is development envisaged as part of its slightly high as compared to Gird counter magnet role should consider region. industrial development as a potential sector • The third region Morar is relatively that could offset much of the primacy effect equal in human resources to Ghatigaon of Delhi. The present study has been carried region and growth of human resources is for, Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon and Morar area of low. Gwalior district in Madhya Pradesh. Table 1.1& • Dabra region is also similar to Ghatigao 1.2 shows the Economic status of these areas, and Morar region. various small scale industries, middle scale • The last region Bhitrwar has highest industries, post offices, Telegram offices, human resources as compared to other P.C.O., Telephone connection are present in four blocks that means there are enough these areas which shows the economical status population of workers, cultivators, of these blocks. According to this table Literate people etc. economic status of Gird block is high as compared to other four blocks. As little rise in

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Table 1.1: Economic Status of Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon, Morar, and Bhitarwar areas

Economical Resources Tehsil / Blocks Primary/ sub post Telegram office P.C.O. Telephone connections office No Per,000 weightag No Per,000 weightag No Per,000 weightag No Per, weighta Agree- e e e 000 ge gate index Gird 41 0.022147 95.35 4 0.002161 100 2846 1.54 88.495 102855 55.56 89.94 91.62

Ghatigaaon 43 0.023227 100.00 3 0.001621 75 2963 1.60 92.133 114355 61.77 100.00 66.73 Morar 43 0.023227 100.00 3 0.001621 75 3062 1.65 95.212 108535 58.63 94.91 56.71

Dabra 41 0.022147 95.35 3 0.001621 75 3216 1.74 100 112646 60.85 98.51 57.30

Bhitarwar 2 0.011 36.76 0 0 0.00 79 0.43 17.06 1538 8.40 9.70 13.27

Economical Resources Population - 2001 Small Scale Industries Middle Industries Post Offices Tehsil / Weight- Weight- Weight- Blocks Male Female Total No Per,000 No Per,000 No Per,000 age age age Gird 636542 540823 1177365 592 0.50 67.61 4 0.0034 100 2 0.0017 100 Ghatigaaon 89034 75007 164041 122 0.74 100.00 0 0.0000 0 0 0.0000 0 Morar 82451 65325 147776 35 0.24 31.85 0 0.0000 0 0 0.0000 0 Dabra 96791 82268 179059 43 0.24 32.29 0 0.0000 0 0 0.0000 0 Bhitarwar 99037 83987 183024 40 0.22 29.39 0 0.0000 0 0 0.0000 0 Total 1851265 Population

Table 1.2: Economic Growth rate of Gwalior District for year 2002-2006

Economical resources Years Small Scale Industries Middle Industries Post Offices No Per,000 weightage No Per,000 weightage No Per,000 weightage 2002-03 253 0.136663 37.4815 4 0.00216 100 2 0.00108 100 2003-04 658 0.355433 97.4815 4 0.00216 100 2 0.00108 100 2004-05 649 0.350571 96.1481 4 0.00216 100 2 0.00108 100 2005-06 675 0.364616 100 4 0.00216 100 2 0.00108 100 Continue to next table

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Economical resources Years Primary/ sub post office Telegram office P.C.O. Telephone connections Agreegate No Per, weight No Per, weighta No Per, weighta No Per, weighta index 000 age 000 ge 000 ge 000 ge 2002-03 35 0.030 100.00 0 0.0000 0.00 2979 2.53 100.00 101953 86.59 100.00 76.78 H 2003-04 1 0.006 20.51 1 0.0061 90.08 72 0.44 17.35 1532 9.34 10.78 62.31 L 2004-05 1 0.007 22.76 1 0.0068 100.00 229 1.55 61.25 899 6.08 7.03 69.59 2005-06 4 0.022 75.15 0 0.0000 0.00 158 0.88 34.87 9155 51.13 59.04 67

Table 1.3: Human Resources of Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon, Morar, and Bhitarwar Regions

Human Resources Index Tehsil / Population - 20 01 Male/Female SC Population ST Population Literate Population Blocks No Per, Weight No Per, Weight No Per, Weight No Per, Weight Agree- No 000 age 000 age 000 age 000 age gate index Gird 63654 540823 1177365 1.18 93.25 20129 17.10 6.27 35696 30.32 25.17 730875 620.77 100.00 2 Ghatigaon 89034 75007 164041 1.19 94.05 20450 124.66 45.69 19759 120.45 100.00 66185 403.47 64.99 Murar 82451 65325 147776 1.26 100.00 35532 240.44 88.12 2198 14.87 12.35 66194 447.93 72.16 Dabra 96791 82268 179059 1.18 93.22 48856 272.8 5 100.00 10341 57.75 47.95 79528 444.14 71.55 Bhitarwar 99037 83987 183024 1.18 93.43 41990 229.42 84.08 9734 53.18 44.15 84771 463.17 74.61

Social Resources Tehsil / Higher Secondary College Professional and other Ashram Schools Agreegate Blocks No Per Weight No Per, Weight No Per, Weight No Per, Weight index 000 age 000 age 000 age 000 age Gird 133 0.11 100.00 30 0.03 100.00 75 0.06 100 11 0.01 19.16 81.38

Ghatigaaon 7 0.04 37.78 1 0.01 23.92 0 0.00 0 8 0.05 100.00 43.17

Morar 4 0.03 23.96 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 3 0.02 41.63 38.18

Dabra 17 0.09 84.05 4 0.02 87.67 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 62.19 Bhitarwar 11 0.06 53.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 1 0.01 11.20 36

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Social Resources: primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment Social resources are related with educational and ratio (with one-third weight). Table 1.4 & 1.5 health facilities of any area the present study has shows the social resources of these five regions. been carried for, Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon and • In year 2002 social resources were very Morar area of Gwalior district in Madhya low and become maximum in year 2003. Pradesh. Educational status has been measured • Growth of social resources fell down in by number of schools, collages, universities, and year 2003-2005. other educational institute present in that area. • Year 2005-2006 social resources shows Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy a bit rise but not as much as 2003. rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined

Graph 1.2: The above Graph show the Average of human resources like Workers, Non-workers, Cultivators etc in five different blocks including Gird, Dabra, Bhitarwar, Morar and Ghatigao. Table 1.4: Social Resources of Gird, Dabra, Ghatigaon, Morar, and Bhitarwar areas Social Resources Tehsil/Bloc Population 2001 Primary school Middle school High school Male Female Total No per, Weight No per, Weight No per, Weight 000 age 000 age 000 age Gird 636542 540823 1177365 1545 1.31 80.75 1105 0.94 86.18 155 0.13 100 Ghatigaao 89034 75007 164041 194 1.18 72.77 150 0.91 83.97 15 0.09 69 Morar 82451 65325 147776 210 1.42 87.44 142 0.96 88.24 12 0.08 62 Dabra 96791 82268 179059 291 1.63 100.00 195 1.09 100.00 15 0.08 64 Bhitarwar 99037 83987 183024 218 1.19 73.29 140 0.76 70.24 13 0.07 54 Continue to next table

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Social Resources Tehsil / Higher Secondary College Professional and Ashram Schools Agree Blocks other gate No per, Weight No per, Weight No per, Weight No per, Weight index 000 age 000 age 000 age 000 age Gird 133 0.11 100.00 30 0.03 100.00 75 0.06 100 11 0.01 19.16 81.38 Ghatigaaon 7 0.04 37.78 1 0.01 23.92 0 0.00 0 8 0.05 100.00 43.17 Morar 4 0.03 23.96 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 3 0.02 41.63 38.18 Dabra 17 0.09 84.05 4 0.02 87.67 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 62.19 Bhitarwar 11 0.06 53.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 1 0.01 11.20 36

Table 1.5 Social Growth rate of Gwalior District for year 2002-2006 Social Resources

Primary school Middle school High school

No per, Weightage No per, Weightage No per, Weightage Years 000 000 000 2002-03 2260 1.22 95.40 1143 0.62 79.32 196 0.1059 64.262 2003-04 2369 1.28 100.00 1381 0.75 95.84 305 0.1648 100

2004-05 2075 1.12 87.59 1441 0.78 100.00 188 0.1016 61.639 2005-06 2054 1.11 86.70 1440 0.78 99.93 183 0.0989 60

Social Resources Higher Secondary College Professional and Ashram Schools Agree other gate Years No per, Weight No per, Weight No per, Weight No per, Weight index 000 age 000 age 000 age 000 age 2002-03 161 0.09 98.77 29 0.16 85.29 36 0.02 46.75 15 0.01 81.03 68.76L 2003-04 163 0.088 100.00 34 0.02 100.00 47 0.0254 61.04 15 0.01 100.00 81.6 2004-05 155 0.084 95.09 34 0.02 100.00 47 0.0254 61.04 15 0.01 100.00 74.23 2005-06 161 0.087 98.77 34 0.02 100.00 77 0.0416 100.00 15 0.01 100.00 79.95 H

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Graph 1.3: The above graph shows the average growth of Social facilities for year 2002-2006 of Gwalior District .

Graph 1.4: Above graph shows the Educational Index for Dabra, Gird, Morar, Ghatigaon and Bhitarwar region. Table 1.6, Education Index of Gird, Ghatigaon, Dabra, Bhitarwar and Morar area of Gwalior District Education Index Tehsil Adult Literacy Rate Gross Education Index Education Index Gird 100.00 569.66 256.55 Ghatigaaon 64.99 302.18 144.06 Morar 72.16 267.27 137.19 Dabra 71.55 435.35 192.81 Bhitarwar 74.61 252.29 133.84

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Education Index: Pradesh. Following aspects have been covered: Education Index of Gird, Ghatigaon, Dabra, education Index, economic, and social growth, Bhitarwar and Morar area of Gwalior District , total population and literacy rate etc. Education Index = 2/3*ALR+1/3*GER As a result influencing urban growth two sets of ALR: Adult Literacy Rate (Person who had known graphs below shows are the indicators of read and write and above 14 years called Adult development of social, economic and human Literate), GER: Gross Enrolment Rate resources in Gird, Dabra, Bhitarwar, Morar and According to this graph Gird region is most Ghatigaon regions and their comparisons. developed region in Education as compared to Total Social and Economic Resources Growth other four blocks. from year 2002-2006: CONCLUSIONS In year 2003-2004 both social and economic This report has developed and tested for resource rises rapidly. The overall condition as socioeconomic index using statistical the average of social resources is very low as methodology for the Gwalior District in Madhya compared to economic resources. Table 1.7, Average of Social and Economic Growth Rate of year 2002-2006 of Gwalior District Resources 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Social Resource 68.76L 81.6H 74.23 79.95 Economic Resources 76.78H 62.31L 69.59 67

Graph 1.5: Above graph shows the Comparison between Economic and Social Growth from year 2002-2006.

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Total Social and Economic and Human Resources Growth for Dabra, Bhitarwar, Gird, Ghatigaon and Morar Region: Table 1.8, Average of Social Economic and Human Resources of Gird, Ghatigaon, Dabra, Bhitarwar and Morar area of Gwalior District. Resources Gird Ghatigaon Morar Dabra Bhitarwar Social Resource 81.38 43.17 38.18 62.19 36 Economic Resources 91.62 66.73 56.71 57.30 13.27 Human Resources 45.33 (L) 68.17 65.85 68.26 73.15 (H)

Graph 1.6: The above graph shows the comparison between social, economic and human resources in five different blocks including Gird, Ghatigaon, Murar, Dabra and Bhitarwar . • The social and economic index is very lot and economic resources lies in- high in the region Gird, but human between. resource index is a bit low as compared • The condition of last region Bhitarwar is to other two. really pathetic and needs to be looked • The second region Ghatigaon is out as the average social and economic suffering from lack of social and resources are very low as compared to economic resources. human. • The Murar region is also facing similar ACKNOWLEDGEMENT problem as Ghatigaon that is large The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial difference between social, economic, support provided by University Grants and human resources. Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, • For Dabra region average human India under research project Preparation of resource is very high but social Workable Urban Development Models and resources are needed to be developed a Methodologies for Urban- Rural Fringe

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Development F.No 32-110/2006(SR) dated 30th 10/03/2006. The authors also thank the Director, July 2007 and AICTE New Delhi for financial M.I.T.S. Gwalior for providing facilities for assistance under RPS project Sustainable Urban carrying out this work. Growth Using Poverty Mapping Techniques and REFERENCE: System Analysis F No 8023/BOR/RPS-33/2006- The data study for the paper has been carried out and referred from UNDP Human Development Reports 07 dated 26/02/2007 & Peri Urban Growth and Census of Gwalior published by National Pattern Recognition & Modelling using GIS- F. Informatic Centre, Govt. of India. No. 8023/RID/BOR/RPS-31/2005-06 dated

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