TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS from Basic Science to Clinical Use

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS from Basic Science to Clinical Use TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TRP CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS From Basic Science to Clinical Use Edited by ARPAD SZALLASI MD, PHD Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5AS, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK First published 2015 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangement with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-420024-1 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at store.elsevier.com Printed and bound in the United States Contributors M. Allen McAlexander Neuronal Targets Team, Ana Charrua IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline Phar- Molecular e Celular da Universidade do maceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA Porto; Departamento de Urologia, Faculdade Ganesan Baranidharan Consultant in Pain de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS trust: Departamento de Doenças Renais, Urológicas D ward, Seacroft Hospital, Leeds, LS14 6UH e Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina da Uni- versidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Ralf Baron Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurol- Francisco Cruz IBMC—Instituto de Biologia ogy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Kiel, Germany Porto; Departamento de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; De- Arun K. Bhaskar Consultant in Pain Medicine, partamento de Doenças Renais, Urológicas e Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS trust: D ward, Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina da Uni- Seacroft Hospital, Leeds, LS14 6UH versidade do Porto and Departamento de Mahendra Bishnoi Department of Nutritional Urologia, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal Sciences, and Technology, National Agri-Food Matthew A.J. Duncton Renovis, Inc. (a wholly Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, owned subsidiary of Evotec AG), South San India Francisco, California, USA Jill-Desiree Brederson Global Medical Commu- Madeleine Ennis Centre for Infection and Im- nications, Research and Development, AbbVie munity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Bel- Dorothy Cimino Brown Veterinary Clinical In- fast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK vestigations Center and Department of Clinical Susan Fleetwood-Walker Centre for Integra- Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, tive Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Nigel W. Bunnett Monash Institute of Phar- maceutical Sciences, and Department of Ehud Goldin SENS Research Foundation, Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Mountain View, CA, USA Parkville, Victoria, Australia Arthur Gomtsyan Department of Chemistry, Ingolf Cascorbi Institute of Experimental and Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Chicago, Illinois, USA Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany Huizhen Huang Department of Neurobiology, Michael J. Caterina Department of Neurosur- University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Center for gery; Department of Biological Chemistry; Pain Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and Tsing- Solomon H. Snyder Department of hua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China Neuroscience and Neurosurgery Pain Re- Gerald Hunsberger Neuronal Targets Team, Re- search Institute, Johns Hopkins School of spiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline Phar- Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA maceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA ix x CONTRIBUTORS Michael J. Iadarola Anesthesia Section, Depart- Magdalene Moran Hydra Biosciences ment of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Cen- Cambridge, MA, USA ter, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Christopher Neipp Flexible Discovery Unit, Neelima Khairatkar Joshi Glenmark Research GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Centre, Navi Mumbai, Glenmark Pharmaceuti- Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA cals Ltd, India Bernd Nilius Katholieke Universiteit of Leu- Pragyanshu Khare Department of Nutritional ven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences and Technology, National Agri-Food Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), India Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Kirill Kiselyov Department of Biological Sci- James C. Parker Department of Physiology and ences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Center for Lung Biology, University of South PA, USA Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA Ari Koivisto Research and Development, Ori- Antti Pertovaara Institute of Biomedicine/ onPharma, Orion Corporation, Turku, Finland Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Kanthi K. Kondepudi Department of Food Sci- Finland ences and Technology, National Agri-Food Bio- Koenraad Philippaert Katholieke Universiteit technology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, India of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molec- Artem Kondratskyi Inserm U-1003, Equipe la- ular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Re- bellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, search and TRPLe (TRP Research Platform Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve Belgium d’Ascq, France Daniel P. Poole Monash Institute of Pharma- Ina Kraus-Stojanowic Institute of Experimental ceutical Sciences; Department of Anatomy & and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospi- Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, tal Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany Parkville, Victoria, Australia TinaMarie Lieu Monash Institute of Pharma- Louis S. Premkumar Department of Pharma- ceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia cology, Southern Illinois University-School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA Daoyan Liu Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Natalia Prevarskaya Inserm U-1003, Equipe la- Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third bellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Military Medical University, Chongqing Insti- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science tute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Nancy Luo Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medi- Pradeep Rajasekhar Monash Institute of Phar- cine, Durham, North Carolina, USA maceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Lorcan McGarvey Centre for Infection and Im- munity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Bio- Paul Rosenberg Division of Cardiology, De- medical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, partment of Medicine, Duke University School Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA Rory Mitchell Centre for Integrative Physiol- Sarah E. Ross Department of Neurobiology; De- ogy, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of partment of Anesthesiology; Pittsburgh Center Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of for Pain Research, and Center for Neuroscience Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Research at the University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- burgh PA, USA CONTRIBUTORS xi Kavisha Singh Division of Cardiology, Depart- Mary I. Townsley Department of Physiology ment of Medicine, Duke University School of and Center for Lung Biology, University of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA Lindsey M. Snyder Department of Neurobiol-
Recommended publications
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0315843 A1 HAUGHT Et Al
    US 2013 0315843A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0315843 A1 HAUGHT et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 28, 2013 (54) COMPOSITION FOR REDUCTION OF TRPA1 Related U.S. Application Data AND TRPV1 SENSATIONS (60) Provisional application No. 61/652,035, filed on May (71) Applicant: The Procter & Gamble Company, 25, 2012, provisional application No. 61/682,887, (US) filed on Aug. 14, 2012. Publication Classification (72) Inventors: John Christian HAUGHT, West Chester, OH (US); Koti (51) Int. Cl. SREEKRISHNA, Mason, OH (US); A618/42 (2006.01) Sourav DAS, Kolkata (IN); Steve A618/35 (2006.01) Hamilton HOKE, II, West Chester, OH A61O 11/00 (2006.01) (US); Timothy Woodrow A618/37 (2006.01) COFFINDAFFER, Maineville, OH A61O5/10 (2006.01) (US); Katharine Anne BAKES, A618/30 (2006.01) Cincinnati, OH (US); William Michael (52) U.S. Cl. GLANDORF, Mason, OH (US) CPC. A61K 8/42 (2013.01); A61O 5/10 (2013.01); A61K 8/30 (2013.01); A61O II/00 (2013.01); (73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company, A61K 8/37 (2013.01); A61K 8/35 (2013.01) Cincinnati, OH (US) USPC ...................... 424/48; 435/29: 8/406; 424/53 (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 13/873,749 A personal care composition and method of using a personal care composition having menthol and/or hydrogen peroxide (22) Filed: Apr. 30, 2013 and a TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 receptor antagonists. US 2013/03 15843 A1 Nov. 28, 2013 COMPOSITION FOR REDUCTION OF TRPA1 able as a positive signal of efficacy. Further, Some of these AND TRPV1 SENSATIONS molecules may exhibit the ability to reduce sulfur and amine species present in the body in the form of Michael Acceptors FIELD OF THE INVENTION (Yoshida et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 51:5134-5136 (2010)).
    [Show full text]
  • Capsicum Oleoresin and Homocapsaicin
    Printed on: Wed Jan 06 2021, 02:44:36 AM Official Status: Currently Official on 06-Jan-2021 DocId: 1_GUID-1560FD9B-BE0F-495E-9994-C5718733DB4C_2_en-US (EST) Printed by: Jinjiang Yang Official Date: Official as of 01-May-2019 Document Type: USP @2021 USPC 1 nordihydrocapsaicin, nonivamide, decanylvanillinamide, Capsicum Oleoresin and homocapsaicin. DEFINITION ASSAY Capsicum Oleoresin is an alcoholic extract of the dried ripe · CONTENT OF TOTAL CAPSAICINOIDS fruits of Capsicum. It contains NLT 6.5% of total Mobile phase: A mixture of acetonitrile and diluted capsaicinoids, calculated as the sum of capsaicin, phosphoric acid (1 in 1000) (2:3) dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, nonivamide, Standard solution A: 0.2 mg/mL of USP Capsaicin RS in decanylvanillinamide, and homocapsaicin, all calculated on methanol the anhydrous basis. The nonivamide content is NMT 5% of Standard solution B: 0.1 mg/mL of USP the total capsaicinoids, calculated on the anhydrous basis. Dihydrocapsaicin RS in methanol [CAUTIONÐCapsicum Oleoresin is a powerful irritant, and Sample solution: 5 mg/mL of Capsicum Oleoresin in even in minute quantities produces an intense burning methanol. Pass a portion of this solution through a filter of sensation when it comes in contact with the eyes and 0.2-µm pore size, and use the filtrate as the Sample solution. tender parts of the skin. Care should be taken to protect Chromatographic system the eyes and to prevent contact of the skin with (See Chromatography á621ñ, System Suitability.) Capsicum Oleoresin.] Mode: LC IDENTIFICATION
    [Show full text]
  • 1 TRP About Online
    a TR P to Spain International Workshop on Transient Receptor Potential Channels 12th – 14th September 2012 Valencia, Spain www.trp2012.com SCHEDULE and ABSTRACTS BOOK September 2012 Dear participants, Travelling to faraway places in search of spiritual or cultural enlightenment is a millennium old human activity. In their travels, pilgrims brought with them news, foods, music and traditions from distant lands. This friendly exchange led to the cultural enrichment of visitors and the economic flourishing of places, now iconic, such as Rome, Santiago, Jerusalem, Mecca, Varanasi or Angkor Thom. The dissemination of science and technology also benefited greatly from these travels to remote locations. The new pilgrims of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) community are also very fond of travelling. In the past years they have gathered at various locations around the globe: Breckenridge (USA), Eilat (Israel), Stockholm (Sweden) and Leuven (Belgium) come to mind. These meetings, each different and exciting, have been very important for the dissemination of TRP research. We are happy to welcome you in Valencia (Spain) for TRP2012. The response to our call has been extraordinary, surpassing all our expectations. The speakers, the modern bards, readily attended our request to communicate their new results. At last count we were already more than 170 participants, many of them students, and most presenting their recent work in the form of posters or short oral presentations. At least 25 countries are sending TRP ambassadors to Valencia, making this a truly international meeting. We like to thank the staff of the Cátedra Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias for their dedication and excellence in handling the administrative details of the workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough
    Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough Roe, N., Lundy, F., Litherland, G. J., & McGarvey, L. (2019). Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough. Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-019-00239-9 Published in: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2019 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:25. Sep. 2021 Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-019-00239-9 CHRONIC COUGH (K ALTMAN, SECTION EDITOR) Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough N.
    [Show full text]
  • TRP Mediation
    molecules Review Remedia Sternutatoria over the Centuries: TRP Mediation Lujain Aloum 1 , Eman Alefishat 1,2,3 , Janah Shaya 4 and Georg A. Petroianu 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (L.A.); Eman.alefi[email protected] (E.A.) 2 Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates 3 Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11941, Jordan 4 Pre-Medicine Bridge Program, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +971-50-413-4525 Abstract: Sneezing (sternutatio) is a poorly understood polysynaptic physiologic reflex phenomenon. Sneezing has exerted a strange fascination on humans throughout history, and induced sneezing was widely used by physicians for therapeutic purposes, on the assumption that sneezing eliminates noxious factors from the body, mainly from the head. The present contribution examines the various mixtures used for inducing sneezes (remedia sternutatoria) over the centuries. The majority of the constituents of the sneeze-inducing remedies are modulators of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The TRP channel superfamily consists of large heterogeneous groups of channels that play numerous physiological roles such as thermosensation, chemosensation, osmosensation and mechanosensation. Sneezing is associated with the activation of the wasabi receptor, (TRPA1), typical ligand is allyl isothiocyanate and the hot chili pepper receptor, (TRPV1), typical agonist is capsaicin, in the vagal sensory nerve terminals, activated by noxious stimulants.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough
    Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-019-00239-9 CHRONIC COUGH (K ALTMAN, SECTION EDITOR) Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Cough N. A. Roe1 & F. T. Lundy1 & G. J. Litherland2 & L. P. A. McGarvey1 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Chronic cough, defined in adults as one lasting longer than 8 weeks, is among the commonest clinical problems encountered by doctors both in general practice and in hospital. It can exist as a distinct clinical problem or as a prominent and troublesome symptom for patients with common pulmonary conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recent Findings Chronic cough impacts considerably on patients’ daily-life activities and many patients are left frustrated by what they see as a complete lack of awareness among their doctors as how to treat their condition. Some of this arises from limited levels of physician knowledge about managing cough as a clinical problem but also because there are no very effective treatments that specifically target cough. Summary In this article, we review the current clinical thinking regarding cough and the treatments that are currently used and those undergoing clinical development. Keywords Cough . Cough receptor . Pharmacological targets . Novel . Ion channel Introduction and is likely due to a slowly resolving post-viral cough. In adult patients, a cough persisting for more than 8 weeks is Under normal physiological circumstances, coughing occurs termed ‘chronic’ and can occur as an isolated clinical problem with the primary purpose of protecting the lung from inhaled or associated with common respiratory and non-respiratory irritants and clearing unwanted airway secretions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intracellular Ca2+ Release Channel TRPML1 Regulates Lower Urinary Tract Smooth Muscle Contractility
    The intracellular Ca2+ release channel TRPML1 regulates lower urinary tract smooth muscle contractility Caoimhin S. Griffina, Michael G. Alvaradoa, Evan Yamasakia, Bernard T. Drummb,c, Vivek Krishnana, Sher Alia, Eleanor M. Naglea, Kenton M. Sandersb, and Scott Earleya,1 aDepartment of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318; bDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318; and cDepartment of Life & Health Sciences, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Louth, Ireland A91 K584 Edited by Mark T. Nelson, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, and approved October 13, 2020 (received for review August 12, 2020) TRPML1 (transient receptor potential mucolipin 1) is a Ca2+-perme- including dense granulomembranous storage bodies in neurons, able, nonselective cation channel that is predominantly localized to elevated plasma gastrin, vacuolization in the gastric mucosa, and the membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes (LELs). Intracellular retinal degeneration (14). Interestingly, however, an anatomical release of Ca2+ through TRPML1 is thought to be pivotal for mainte- examination of these mice reveals dramatically distended bladders nance of intravesicular acidic pH as well as the maturation, fusion, and (14), leading us to question how TRPML1, an intracellular Ca2+- trafficking of LELs. Interestingly, genetic ablation of TRPML1 in mice release channel important in LEL function, affects bladder −/− (Mcoln1 ) induces a hyperdistended/hypertrophic bladder phenotype. physiology. Here, we investigated this phenomenon further by exploring an un- The lower urinary tract (LUT) is composed of the urinary conventional role for TRPML1 channels in the regulation of Ca2+-signal- bladder and urethra—structures that serve the simple, reciprocal ing activity and contractility in bladder and urethral smooth muscle cells functions of storing and voiding urine (15).
    [Show full text]
  • The TRPV4 Agonist GSK1016790A Regulates the Membrane Expression of TRPV4 Channels
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 23 January 2019 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00006 The TRPV4 Agonist GSK1016790A Regulates the Membrane Expression of TRPV4 Channels Sara Baratchi 1*, Peter Keov 1,2,3, William G. Darby 1, Austin Lai 1, Khashayar Khoshmanesh 4, Peter Thurgood 4, Parisa Vahidi 1, Karin Ejendal 5 and Peter McIntyre 1 1 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 2 Molecular Pharmacology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia, 3 St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia, 4 School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 5 Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States TRPV4 is a non-selective cation channel that tunes the function of different tissues including the vascular endothelium, lung, chondrocytes, and neurons. GSK1016790A is the selective and potent agonist of TRPV4 and a pharmacological tool that is used to study the TRPV4 physiological function in vitro and in vivo. It remains unknown how the sensitivity of TRPV4 to this agonist is regulated. The spatial and temporal dynamics of receptors are the major determinants of cellular responses to stimuli. Membrane Edited by: Hugues Abriel, translocation has been shown to control the response of several members of the transient University of Bern, Switzerland receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels to different stimuli. Here, we show that 2+ Reviewed by: TRPV4 stimulation with GSK1016790A caused an increase in [Ca ]i that is stable for Osama F. Harraz, a few minutes. Single molecule analysis of TRPV4 channels showed that the density University of Vermont, United States Irene Frischauf, of TRPV4 at the plasma membrane is controlled through two modes of membrane Johannes Kepler University of Linz, trafficking, complete, and partial vesicular fusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Capsaicinoid Profile of Some Peppers Sold in Nigerian Markets
    Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(4):648-654 ISSN : 0975-7384 Research Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Determination of capsaicinoid profile of some peppers sold in Nigerian markets 1N. C. Nwokem *, 2C. O. Nwokem, 2Y. O. Usman, 1O. J. Ocholi, 2M. L. Batari and 3A. A. Osunlaja 1Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria 3Umar Suleiman College of Education, Gashua, Nigeria ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The capsaicinoid profile of six different peppers sold in Nigerian markets was determined by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry. The capsaicinoids were extracted from the peppers using methanol as extractant and analyzed without need for derivatization. A total of eight (8) capsaicinoids were identified and quantitated: Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin Dihydrocapsaicin 1, Dihydrocapsaicin 2, Norcapsaicin, Nordihydrocapsaicin 1, Nordihydrocapsaicin 2 and Nornordihydrocapsaicin though, not fully present in all the varieties. Dihydrocapsaicin 1, Dihydrocapsaicin 2, Nordihydrocapsaicin 1, Nordihydrocapsaicin 2 and Nornordihydrocapsaicin are isomers. Seven were identified in the Cameroun pepper variety, six in “Zaria atarugu” and Miango, and five in each of the remaining varieties. In all the peppers analyzed, capsaicin had the highest relative concentration, which ranged from 27.3% in the Cameroun variety to 49.38% in the “Zaria atarugu” variety. The sum of the relative concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin ranged from 47.03% in the “Miango” variety to 87.3% in the “Zaria atarugu” variety. Keywords: Capsaicinoids, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Methanol, Pepper ____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Peppers are widely used in many parts of the world as a result of their valued sensory attributes; colour, purgency and aroma.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Capsaicinoids in Peppers by Microwave-Assisted Extraction–High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence Detection Gerardo F
    Analytica Chimica Acta 578 (2006) 227–233 Determination of capsaicinoids in peppers by microwave-assisted extraction–high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection Gerardo F. Barbero, Miguel Palma ∗, Carmelo G. Barroso Grupo de Investigaci´on Qu´ımico Anal´ıtica del Vino y Productos Agroalimentarios, Departamento de Qu´ımica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de C´adiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, C´adiz, Spain Received 30 March 2006; received in revised form 27 June 2006; accepted 28 June 2006 Available online 4 July 2006 Abstract A new method has been developed for the extraction of capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin) in peppers employing microwave-assisted extraction. The parameters studied are: extraction solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and water), temperature (50–200 ◦C), sample quantity (0.1–1 g), volume of solvent (15–50 mL) and the extraction time (5–20 min). The results found for the optimum conditions are: 125 ◦C as extraction temperature, 25 mL of solvent, 0.5 g of freshly triturated peppers and extraction for 5 min, employing 100% ethanol as solvent. The capsaicinoids obtained were stable under the optimised extraction conditions. The resulting method presents a high degree of reproducibility (R.S.D. < 6%). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Microwave-assisted extraction; Capsaicinoids; Peppers 1. Introduction Many techniques for the extraction of capsaicinoids from peppers have been studied, such as maceration [9], magnetic stir- Hot or spicy peppers are savoury food additives that are ring [10], Soxhlet [11,12], ultrasound-assisted extraction [13], widely utilised in many parts of the world, and are highly valued extraction by means of supercritical fluids [14], extraction by for their attributes of colour, pungency, and aroma.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclic Voltammetric Determination of Capsaicin by Using Electrochemically Deposited Tin and Reduced Graphene Oxide on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes
    R ESEARCH ARTICLE doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.076 Cyclic voltammetric determination of capsaicin by using electrochemically deposited tin and reduced graphene oxide on screen-printed carbon electrodes Wasukamol Numphud, Orapin Chienthavorn, Wilai Siriwatcharapiboon∗ Department of Chemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903 Thailand ∗Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 May 2020 Accepted 19 Aug 2020 ABSTRACT: Tin and reduced graphene oxide (Sn/rGO) was prepared by an electrochemical deposition and modified on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in order to improve the electrode selectivity and sensitivity for determination of capsaicin in real samples. The modified electrode was characterized for its surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An elemental analysis of prepared catalysts was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental conditions influencing determination of capsaicin were optimized. The experiment was carried out in a sodium acetate buffer solution pH 3.0 at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. The Sn/rGO/SPCE showed a linear working range of 0.2–22 µM of capsaicin concentrations. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.005 µM (S/N=3) and 0.02 µM (S/N=10), respectively. The prepared electrode was successfully applied to determine capsaicin in real chili samples and chili sauces. KEYWORDS: capsaicin detection, modified electrode, electrocatalyst, electrochemical sensor INTRODUCTION chromatography (HPLC) [6], gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 15 , and liquid Chili is one of the most popular ingredients in food [ ] chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 16 , owing to its unique characteristics for desirable [ ] have been reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Utilizing LC/UV and LC/MS for the Characterization, Isolation, And
    Utilizing LC/UV and LC/MS for the Characterization, Isolation, and Quantitation of Capsaicinoids in Chili Peppers and Hot Sauces J Preston, Seyed Sadjadi, Zeshan Aqeel, and Sky Countryman Phenomenex, Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, CA 90501 USA PO19040114_W_2 PO14400613_W_2 Abstract Hot and spicy food has dramatically increased in popu- al different chili peppers and commercially available hot larity over the past 10-20 years. Capsaicin is the most sauces. Prep HPLC is then used to isolate individual cap- abundant compound found in chili peppers giving them saicinoids from the pepper extracts. Finally, a triple qua- their fiery flavor. Capsaicin is formed when vanillylamine druple MS system is employed to identify and quantitate is coupled to a 10 carbon fatty acid through an amide link- the observed capsaicinoids. age. However, there are other related compounds often called capsaicinoids. These compounds have the same Capsaicin was found to be the most prevalent capsaicinoid vanillylamine group but differ by the associated fatty acid species in all of the studied matrices. Significant amounts chain and are responsible for the perception of different of Nordihydrocapsaicin were found in a cayenne hot sauce heat profiles for different chili peppers. Some peppers are and in Thai chili pepper extract. Dihydrocapsaicin and Ho- described as having a high initial flash of heat while other modihydrocapsaicin were also identified in many of the in- peppers are described by a long and late burning profile. vestigated chili extracts and hot sauces but at lower levels. The typical concentration of these compounds were found The work presented here, initially uses HPLC with UV to be in the µg/g range but varied widely among the differ- detection to profile capsaicinoids extracted from sever- ent chili peppers and hot sauces.
    [Show full text]