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Projet Comorsol MINISTERE DE L’ENERGIE, DE L’AGRICULTURE, DE LA PECHE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------- SOciété Nationale de l’ELECtricité (SONELEC) ---------------------------------------------------------------- PROJET COMORSOL ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL (EIES) ET PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (PGES) INSTALLATION DE CENTRALES PHOTOVOLTAIQUES DANS L’ILE D’ANJOUAN VERSION FINALE Décembre 2019 1 ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL (EIES) ET PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (PGES) DU PROJET COMORSOL Sommaire RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 26 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Contexte général .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objectifs de l’étude ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Méthodologie................................................................................................................ 2 1.4. Contenu du rapport de l’EIES ....................................................................................... 3 2. DESCRIPTION DU PROJET ............................................................................................... 4 2.1. Description générale du Projet COMORSOL ................................................................ 4 2.2. Description de la centrale photovoltaïque ..................................................................... 5 2.3. Localisation globale du sous-projet ............................................................................ 11 2.4. Description détaillée du sous-projet retenu ................................................................. 12 3. CADRE REGLEMENTAIRE, POLITIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL ...................................... 25 3.1. Cadre règlementaire, politique et institutionnel national .............................................. 25 3.2. Politiques de sauvegarde de la banque mondiale déclenchées .................................. 34 4. MILIEU D’INSERTION DU PROJET.................................................................................. 40 4.1. Le milieu physique ..................................................................................................... 40 4.2. Milieu naturel .............................................................................................................. 47 4.3. Paysage et patrimoine ................................................................................................ 52 4.4. Milieu humain ............................................................................................................. 52 4.5. Synthèse des enjeux environnementaux et sociaux ................................................... 56 5. ANALYSE DES ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................... 58 5.1. Situation sans le Projet COMORSOL ......................................................................... 58 5.2. Situation avec le Projet COMORSOL ......................................................................... 59 6. COMPTE RENDU DES CONSULTATIONS PUBLIQUES ................................................. 61 6.1. Méthodologie d’approche pour la préparation des consultations ................................ 61 6.2. Déroulement des consultations .................................................................................. 61 7. ANALYSE ET EVALUATION DES IMPACTS POTENTIELS POSITIFS ET NEGATIFS DU PROJET ................................................................................................................................... 68 7.1. Méthodologie utilisée .................................................................................................. 68 7.2. Impacts liés à la phase de aménagement et construction .......................................... 70 7.3. Impacts liés à la phase d’exploitation ......................................................................... 83 7.4. Impacts liés à la phase de démantèlement ................................................................. 94 7.5. Synthèse des impacts identifiés lors de la mise en place de la centrale photovoltaïque . ................................................................................................................................... 95 2 ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL (EIES) ET PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (PGES) DU PROJET COMORSOL 8. IDENTIFICATION DES MESURES D’EVITEMENT, DE REDUCTION ET DE COMPENSATION .................................................................................................................. 100 8.1. Mesures générales ................................................................................................... 100 8.2. Mesures de protection du milieu physique ................................................................ 102 8.3. Mesures de protection du milieu biologique .............................................................. 106 8.4. Mesures de protection du milieu humain .................................................................. 107 8.5. Évaluation des impacts résiduels ............................................................................. 111 8.6. Présentation des mesures de compensation ............................................................ 118 9. PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE ........................................... 120 9.1. Objectif du PGES ..................................................................................................... 120 9.2. Programme de surveillance environnementale et sociale ......................................... 120 9.3. Programme de suivi environnemental et social ........................................................ 136 9.4. Cadre de mise en œuvre du PGES .......................................................................... 145 9.5. Budget pour la mise en œuvre du PGES .................................................................. 148 9.6. Mécanismes et procédures participatives de consultation ........................................ 149 9.7. Reporting ................................................................................................................. 150 9.8. Mécanisme de gestion des griefs ............................................................................. 151 10. ANALYSE DES BESOINS EN RENFORCEMENT DE CAPACITE .............................. 158 Bibliographie .......................................................................................................................... 160 Annexes ...................................................................................................................................... i Annexes ANNEXE 1. PV DES CONSULTATIONS PUBLIQUES.................................................................................................... II ANNEXE 2 : FICHE DE NON-CONFORMITE ........................................................................................................... XVII ANNEXE 3. EXEMPLE DE CLAUSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIAL A METTRE DANS LE DAO OU CONTRAT DE L’ENTREPRISE ...........................................................................................................................................................XVIII ANNEXE 4. MODEL DE CODE DE CONDUITE A SIGNER PAR L’ENTREPRISE ET CES PERSONNELS ................................... XXXIII Index des figures FIGURE 1 LOCALISATIONS DES SITES POTENTIELS PV POUR ANJOUAN ....................................................................... 11 FIGURE 2 DELIMITATION DE LA CENTRALE VIGOR 1 EN CONSTRUCTION A LINGONI ..................................................... 12 FIGURE 3 DELIMITATION DU SITE POTENTIEL PV DE VIGOR 2 .................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 4 DELIMITATIONS DU SITE POTENTIEL PV DE BAMBAO M’TSANGA PRES DE L'HOPITAL ..................................... 14 FIGURE 5 DELIMITATIONS DU SITE POTENTIEL PV DE DOMONI PRES DU TERRAIN DE FOOT ........................................... 16 FIGURE 6 VOIE D'ACCES PRINCIPALE A AMENAGER POUR LE SITE DE BAMBAO M’TSANGA PRES DE L'HOPITAL .................. 18 FIGURE 7 DELIMITATIONS DU SITE POTENTIEL PV DE DOMONI PRES DE L'HOPITAL ...................................................... 66 FIGURE 8 DELIMITATION DU SITE POTENTIEL PV DE MOMOJOU .............................................................................. 66 FIGURE 9. SCHEMA DE L’ECOULEMENT DE L’EAU DE PLUIE SUR LE PANNEAU SOLAIRE MONTRANT L’EFFET « SPLASH » ...... 84 FIGURE 10. DIMINUTION DU NIVEAU D’INTENSITE DU BRUIT (DB) EN FONCTION DE LA DISTANCE (M). .......................... 91 3 ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL (EIES) ET PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (PGES) DU PROJET COMORSOL FIGURE 13. SCHEMA MONTRANT LE SYSTEME DE GESTION DE L’EAU DE PLUIE ......................................................... 103 FIGURE 11. TYPE DE SYSTEME DE RETENTION ET DE FILTRATION D’EAU ................................................................... 105 Index des tableaux TABLEAU 1. CARACTERISTIQUE DE L’OCCUPATION DU SOL DU SITE VIGOR 02 A
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