Arbuthnot 59 Arbuthnot it is supposed, settled as a schoolmaster in letters testimonial in favour of George the north of Ireland. In the columns of a Douglas, bishop of the diocese. At the same Dublin newspaper he conducted a periodical time he was directed to give assistance in draw- miscellany of prose and verse, to which tlie ing up apian of ecclesiastical government for Soet Pamell, 1< rancis Hutcheson, and Samuel the consideration of the assembly. In April >oyse occasionally contributed. Its contents 1577 he was again moderator of the general were reprinted in a separate form as ' Hiber- assembly, and in the following October lie was collection chosen, with Andrew Melville and nicus's Letters ; a of Letters and George Essays on several subjects, lately publislied Hay, to attend a council (never held) which in the Dublin Journal ' (2 vols. 1725-7), but was to meet at Magdeburg to establish the work possesses little literary or oth«r the Augsburg confession. At Stirling, on interest. Arbuckle was a friend of Allan 11 June 1578, he was among the ministers Ramsay, to whom he wrote some laudatory named by the assembly to discuss matters of verses, and who addressed to him a genial ecclesiastical government with certain noble- epistle in rhyme in 1719, on his return to men, gentlemen, and prelates. On 24 April Scotland from a visit to Ireland. 1583 Arbuthnot and two others were desired by the assembly to request the king to dis- notice prefixed [Arbuckle's Works ; MS. of him miss Manningville, the French ambassador, Glotta in Library of the to the eopy of the whose popish practices had excited much in-
British Museum ; Allan Ramsay's Poems (1800), dignation ; and when, on the same occasion, i. 173, and ii. 359; Campbell's Introduction to a commission was appointed to inquire into the History of Poetry in Scotland, p. 183 ; Cata- the financial condition and educational effi- logue of the (Edinburgli) Advocates' Library.] ciency of St. University, F. E. Andrews Arbuthnot was named one of the commissioners. He was also employed with two others to lay ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER (1538- certain complaints, on behalf of the assembly, 1583), a Scotch divine and poet, second son before the king. But his activity in the of Aiulrew Arbuthnot, of Pitcarles, was presbyterian cause had been watched with born in 1538. He was educated at St. little satisfaction by James; and in 1583, Andrews University, and in 1560 was de- when he had been chosen minister of St. clared by the general assembly to be quali- Andrews by the assembly, he received a royal fied for the ministry. Before engaging in mandate to return, on pain of homing, to ministerial Avork, he spent five years in study- his duties at the King's College, Aberdeen. ing civil law at Bourges. At his return he (The statement that he gave offence by edit-
' was licensed a minister, and on 15 July 1568 ing Buchanan's History of Scotland ' is an was appointed to the living of Logie Buchan, error, caused by the identity of Arbuthnot's in the diocese of Aberdeen. About the name with that of the printer of the history.) same time he was directed by the general The assembly remonstrated ; but the king assembly to revise a book called' the * Fall replied that he and his council had good of the Roman Kirk,' Avhich had been sup- reason for the action they had taken. This pressed (pending certain amendments) by severity is said to have hastened Arbuthnot's the ecclesiastical authorities, as containing death. He fell into a decline, died 10 Oct. matters injurious to the interests of the kirk. 1583, and was buried in the chapel of the On 3 July 1569 Arbuthnot Avas elected prin- King's College. Andrew Melville wrote his cipal of King's College, Aberdeen, in place epitaph, in which he is styled ' Patriae lux ocu- of Alexander Anderson, who had been ejected lusque ' {Delitice Poetarum Scotovum, ii. 120). for popery, and shortly afterwards he received Arbuthnot regulated his life so well that, the living of Arbuthnot in Kincardineshire. while earning the devotion of his friends, he By Anderson's action the finances of the secured the respect of his adversaries. His college had been much reduced ; but under ' Orationes de Origine et Dignitate Juris ' was Arbuthnot's vigorous management prosperity praised in a copy of Latin verses {Delitics quickly returned. In 1572 he attended the Poetarum Scotorum) by Thomas Maitland, general assembly which met at St. Andrews, the Roman catholic writer ; and Nicol Bume, and in the same year he published at Edin- another champion of Romanism, in his ' Ad- burgh his ' Orationes de Origine et Dignitate monition to the Antichristian Ministers of Juris,' 4to, of which not a single copy is now the Deformit Kirk of Scotland,' 1581, ex- known to exist. He was moderator of the empts Arbuthnot from his general anathema. assembly which met at Edinburgh in August Spottiswood describes him as 'pleasant and 1573, and in the following March he was one jocund in conversation, and in all sciences of four appointed to summon the chapter of expert; a good poet, mathematician, philo- Murray for giving, without due inquiry, sopher, theologue, lawyer, and in medicine Arbuthnot 60 Arbuthnot skilful; so as in every subject he could Bybill el] is prentit, Avith the prenting hous promptly discourse and to good purpose.' and necessaris appertening thairto meit for Three poetical pieces of Arbuthnot's, * On setting furthwart of the said werk, conforme
Luve,' 'The Praises of Women,' and the to the said contract ' {Register, ii. 583). Bas- * Miseries of a Pure Scholar,' are printed in sandyne died 18 Oct. 1577. On 1 April 1579 Pinkerton's ' Ancient Scottish Poems.' He Arbuthnot received license to print, sell, and left in manuscript an account of the Arbuth- import psalm books, prayers, and catechism, not family, ' Originis et incrementi Arbuth- for the space of seven years. The publi- noticse familise descriptio historica,' which cation of the Bible was delayed until the
* •was translated by George Morrison, minister completion by Arbuthnot in 1579 : The of Benholme, and continued to the Restora- Bible and Holy Scriptures conteined in the tion by Alexander Arbuthnot, the father of Olde and Newe Testament . . . Printed at the famous Dr. Arbuthnot. Edinburgh, be Alexander Arbuthnot, printer to the King's Maiestie, dwelling at ye kirk [Calderwood's True History of the Chiu-ch of of feild, 1579,' 2 vols, folio. The British Mu- Scotland, "Wodrow Speiety, vols, ii., iii. ; Book of the Universal Kirk; Hew Scott's Fasti Ec- seum copy contains a facsimile of the eight clesise Scoticanse; Anderson's Scottish Nation.] leaves following the title, reproduced from a A. H. B. copy, in which variations occur, belonging to Mr. Fry. In spite of the large edition which ARBUTHNOT, or ARBUTHNET, must have been printed, the book is now ex- ALEXANDER {d. 1585), merchant burgess tremely scarce, especially in perfect condition. and printer of Edinburgh, with Thomas Bas- It is a reprint of the second folio edition of sandyne, brought out the first Bible issued the Genevan version (1561), with all the in Scotland. In March 1575 the two pre- notes, cuts, and maps exactly reproduced. sented a petition to the general assembly re- That no eftbrt was made to change the spell- questingpermission to print the EnglishBible. ing and style to the Scottish usage shows
This was given, and it was agreed that ' every that the southern English was perfectly fa- bible which they shall receive advancement miliar in the north. The publication Avas a for shall be sold in albis [sheets] for 4 pound joint enterprise on the part of the church and 13 shill. 4 pennies Scottis [= ^^t\x English the printers, of whom Arbuthnot seems to money], keeping the volume and character of have been the capitalist and Bassandyne the the said proofs delivered to the clerk of the practical mechanic. The * Dedication,' which assembly ' (Lee, Mem. for the Bible Societies Avas Avritten by Arbuthnot and revised by the of Scotland, p. 29). From the ' obligatioun general assembly, is addressed in their name for prenting of the Bybill,' 18 July 1576 {Re- to James VI, and the impression is said to gister of Privy Council of Scotland, 1878, have been intended ' to the end that in euerie ii. 544) it appears that the regent Morton paroch kirk there sulde be at leist ane thereof
* caused the advancement ' spoken of to be kepit, to be callit the commoun buke of the made to the printers from the contributions kirke.' The ' Dedication ' is dated 10 July of the parish kirks, collected by the bishops, 1579 ; six weeks later (24 Aug.) Arbuthnot superintendents, and visitors of the dioceses. was made king's printer, with right of print-
' An authentic copy ' from which to print was ing ordinaiy books and special license to print delivered, and ceitain persons were appointed and sell Bibles ' in the A'ulgar Inglis, Scottis, to see that the copy, the Genevan edition of and Latein toungis' (Lee, Mem. App. No. 7). 1561, was duly followed. ' Mr. George Young, An act of parliament was passed in 1579 to servant to the abbot of Dunfermline,' cor- compel every gentleman householder and
rected the proofs ; Robert Pont compiled the others with 300 marks of yearly rent, and
kalendar and preliminary tables. License every substantial yeoman or burgess to ' have from privy council was obtained 30 June 1576, a bible and psalme buke in vulgar language
giving Arbuthnot and Bassandyne the exclu- in thair hous ' under penalty of 10/. {Act. sive right of printing and selling for ten years Pari. Scot. iii. 139). Searchers were ap- ' Bibillis in the vulgare Inglis toung, in haill pointed to carry the laAV into effect, and
or in partis, with ane callindare ' at the price local authorities issued proclamations calling mentioned Ijefore (Lee, Mem. Appendix No. the attention of the citizens to the enactment. 5). The name of Bassandyne alone appears The demand for the neAv Bible seems to haA'e on the New Testament, which is dated 1576. been so great that some delay occurred in The partners seem to have quarrelled. Upon supplying copies {Ai'ticles of General As- the complaint of Arbuthnot to the privy sembly, ap. Calderavood's Hist. iii. 467). council, 11 Jan. 1577, of the delay in the pub- A romance poem, ' The Buik of the most lication, Bassandyne was ordered ' to deliver noble and vailzeand Conquerour Alexander to the said Alexander the said werk of the the Great,' Avas printed by the Bannatyne ; ;
I Arbuthnot 6i Arbuthnot Club in 18.'5l from the unique copy belong^ing re-entered parliamentary life. At the disso- to Lord Panmure. Two devices 105-6) (pp. lution in 1812 he became member for Orford indicate that the book came from the press in the same county ; from 1818 to 1827 he of Arbuthnot about 1580. In 1582 he printed sat for St. Germans, in Cornwall, and from the first edition of Buchanan's ' Rerum Sco- 1828 to 1830 he represented the constituency ticarum Ilistoria,' folio, more remarkable for of St. Ives. His first wife was a daughter of beauty than correctness. He also issued William Clapcott Lisle, and a granddaughter the acts of parliament for 1584. He died of the Marquis of Cholmondeley. After her intestate 1 Sept. 1585, as appears from the death Mr. Arbuthnot married HaiTiett, the inventoiy ' of his effects maid and gevin vp third daughter of the Hon. Henry Fane. She be Agnes Pennycuicke, his relect spous, m died in 1834, and he died at Apsley House name and behalf of Alesone, Agnes, Thomas, 18 Aug. 1850. The Duke of Wellington George and Johne Arbuthnettis, their lauch- was much attached to Mr. Arbuthnot, who full bairnis ' {Bannatyne Miscellany, ii. 207). during the latter years of his life lived ia He left two printing presses fittings. with the duke's house as his confidential friend. [Wodrow's Collections (Maitland Club) [Dod's Peerage; Gent. Mag. xxxiv. 434 M'Crie's Life of Melville ; Cotton's Editions of (1850); Memoirs and Correspondence of Viscount the Bible; Eadie's English Bible.] H. E. T. Castlereagh, vol. vi. ; Political Diary of Lord Ellenborough, 1828-30.] W. P. C. ARBUTHNOT, CHARLES (1767- 1850), diplomatist and politician, one of the ARBUTHNOT, GEORGE (1802-1865), sons of J. Arbuthnot, by the daughter of J. a distinguished member of the permanent Stone, a London banker, Avhose brother was civil service, was the son of Lieutenant- Archbisliop Stone, the primate of Ireland, general Sir Robert Arbuthnot [see Aebfth- was born in 1767. He began his apprentice- NOT, Sir RobertJ. He was appointed by ship in public life in 1793, when he accepted Lord Liverpool a junior clerk in the treasury the position of pr6cis writer in the Foreign on 18 July 1820, and served in that depart- Office, and entered upon his political career ment until his death on 28 July 1865. He with his election in March 1795 as member was then holding the appointment of auditor for East Looe. He served in important of the civil list, and was also secretary ta diplomatic positions in Sweden and Portu- the ecclesiastical commissioners. On Mr. gal, and, after holding for a few months (Nov. Arbuthnot's death, the lords commissioners 1803 to .Tune 1804) the post of under-secre- of the treasury, in noticing his ' singular and tary for foreign affairs, was appointed am- eminent services,' gave the following account :— bassador extraordinary at Constantinople, of his official life ' On 22 March 1850 Sir When holding this appointment he was in- Charles Wood made the following communi- " structed by the cabinet to demand from the cation to the board of treasury : The chan- Porte the dismissal (amongst other things) cellor of the exchequer avails himself of this of the French envoy. General Sebastiani, opportunity of bringing before the board the the rejection of which led to the forcing of services of Mr. Arbuthnot, who has acted as the Dardanelles by our fleet. Mr. Arbuth- his private secretary for nearly four years. not, during this operation, was on board the Mr. Arbuthnot has been thirty years in the admiral's ship, and it was mainly owing to treasury, during nearly the whole of which his firmness that whatever success attended period he has been employed in situations of the operation was achieved. The late Sir great trust and responsibility. He acted as Henry Blackwood, in a letter to Lord Castle- private secretary to six successive secretaries, reagh, described him as having been ' not and two assistant secretaries of the treasury. only minister, but admiral.' On receiving He was appointed in May 1841 to perform the his appointment at Constantinople he was duties of colonial clerk during the illness of sworn of the privy council, and on his return Mr. Brande,and has since acted as assistant to to England in 1807 a pension of 2,000^. per that gentleman, and has executed the duties annum Avas confeiTed upon him. At the of colonial clerk during Mr. Brande's annual same time Mr. Arbuthnot abandoned foreign vacation to the entire satisfaction of the for home service. From 1809 to 1823 he was board. In February 1843 he was selected one of the joint-secretaries of the treasury by Sir Robert Peel to be one of his private from the latter year until 1827, and again for secretaries, and he has received not only a few months in 1828, he presided over the from Sir Robert Peel, but from the secre- board of woods and forests; and for two taries of the treasury to whom he acted as years (1828-30) he held the chancellorship private secretary in former years, repeated of the duchy of Lancaster. In April 1809, testimonies of their approbation. On Sir when he was returned for Eye in Suffolk, he Charles Wood becoming chancellor of the ;
Arbuthnot 62 Arbuthnot
exchequer in July 1846 Mr. Arbuthnot was Mr. Arbuthnot was twice offered the ap- appointed to his present situation ; and Sir pointment of financial member of the council C. Wood considers it due to him to record of the governor-general of India, first on the his obligation to him for his constant and death of Mr. James Wilson in 1860, and zealous exertions at all times, and for the again on the retirement of Sir Charles Tre- able assistance which he (Sir C. Wood) has velyan in 1865, but on both occasions he received from him in times of great diffi- was compelled by the state of his health to culty and on subjects of the greatest moment decline the ofter. and importance, and he strongly recommends [Records of her Majesty's Treasury ; Report dis- Mr. Arbuthnot to the board for some on the Organisation ofthe Civil Service, published tinguished mark of that approbation with 1854; Pamphlet, entitled 'Sir Robert Peel's which such public services as he has per- Act of 1844, regulating the issue of Bank Notes, formed must be regarded." My lords have vindicated G. Arbuthnot,' by 1857 ; Arbuthnot's only to add to this just tribute to Mr. Ar- Reports on the Japanese Currency, 1862-3; buthnot's merits that during the fifteen years Macmillan's Magazine, August 1870 ; Globe, which have since elapsed, he has continued August 1865.] A. J. A. his useful career with the same devotion to the public service, and with the still larger ARBUTHNOT, JOHN (1667-1735), opportunities of usefulness which his in- physician and Avit, was the son of a Scotch creased experience afforded him.' episcopal clergyman settled at Arbuthnot, Mr. Arbuthnot's work, as the foregoing Kincardineshire. He is said to have studied minute shows, was not confined to the ordi- at Aberdeen, but he took his doctor's degree nary business of the treasury. He was con- in medicine at St. Andrew's on 11 Sept. 1696. stantly consulted on important questions of His father lost his preferment upon the revo- currency and banking, upon both of which lution, and retired to a small estate of his subjects he was regarded as a high authority. own ; and the sons, who shared his high- As private secretary to Sir Robert Peel at church principles, found it desirable to seek the time when the latter passed through their fortunes abroad. One of them, Robert, parliament the Bank Charter Act of 1844, became ultimately a banker in Paris ; his Mr. Arbuthnot was intimately associated extraordinary amiability is celebrated by with the great minister in the framing of Pope {Letter to BUjby] 1 Sept. 1722); he that measure, and some years afterwards, married a rich widow of Suffolk in 1726 when the question of a revision of the act {Swift to Stopford, 20 July 1726); and he was under consideration, he published a was suspected of Jacobite tendencies ( Gent. pamphlet containing an able justification of Mag. ii. 578, 766, 782). Another was in its principles and provisions. In later years the army {Journal to Stella, 26 Sept. 1711). he was frequently consulted on questions John Arbuthnot settled in London, where connected with the Indian cuiTency, when he first stayed at the house of Mr. William it was proposed to attempt the substitution Pate, a woollendraper, and gave lessons in of a gold for a silver currency in that coun- mathematics. In 1697 he published 'An try ; and about the same time he submitted Examination of Dr. Woodward's Account of to the lords of the treasury a sei'ies of valu- the Deluge, &c.,' criticising a crude theory able reports upon the currency of Japan in suggested by Woodward (1695) in an ' Essay connection with difficulties which had arisen towards a Natural History of the Earth.' from certain provisions of the treaty executed Arbuthnot next published an able ' Essay between the British and Japanese govern- on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning, ments in 1858. in a letter from a gentleman in the city to Mr. Ai'buthnot's paper on Civil Patronage, his friend in Oxford,' dated 25 Nov. 1700. written in 1854, with reference to alleged He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, defects in the organisation of the permanent 30 Nov. 1704; and in 1710 he contributed
* civil service, which had been brought to a paper to its Transactions ' upon the slight notice in a report made by Sir Stafford average excess of male over female births Northcote and Sir Charles Trevelyan in the which he regards as a providential arrange- previous year, contains a veiy able defence ment intended to provide against the greater of the system of appointment which then risks of the male sex, and as proving that prevailed, and a powerful refutation of the polygamy is contrary to the law of nature. arguments advanced in the report in question. Arbuthnot was meanwhile rising in his pro- His style of writing was singularly vigorous fession, and had the good luck to be at Epsom and clear, and the rapidity and energy with when Prince George of Denmark was sud- which he wrote constituted not the least of denly taken ill and to prescribe for him suc- liis many merits as a public servant. cessfully. He was appointed physician extra- Arbuthnot 63 Arbuthnot
ordinary to Queen Anne, 30 Oct. 1705 ; and tion. Other passages are directed against the on the illness of Dr. Ilannes, fourth phy- antiquarians and Arbuthnot's old opponent, sician in ordinary, 11 Nov. 1709. Swift calls Woodward, and his supposed discovery of him the ' queen's favourite physician.' On an ancient shield. The account of Scrib- 27 April 1710, he was admitted a fellow of lerus's education clearly gave some hints to the Royal College of Physicians, was Sterne's 'Tristram Shandy.' censor in 1723, and pronounced the Ilar- Arbuthnot was in attendance upon Queen veian oration in 1727. Arbuthnot's favour Anne in her last illness. Upon her death at court was strengthened by his inti- he retired for a short time to France. He macy with the leading statesmen of the went there again in 1718, his chief business Harley administration. He formed a close being, as he told Swift (14 Oct. 1718), to friendship with Swift, and is frequently leave his two girls with their uncle. Such mentioned in the 'Journal to Stella.' He visits might be suspicious in the eyes of was a member of the famous ' Brothers Club,' good whigs. Upon the accession of George I and took an active share in the literary war- he lost his place *t court, but he appears to fare against the whigs. He was the author, have retained his practice among the great as Swift tells lis {Journal to Stella, 12 Dec. people. We find him introducmg Swift to 1712) of the * Art of Political Lying,' one of the Princess of Wales—soon to become the best specimens of the ironical wit of the Queen Caroline—in April 1726. He was the time. A more celebrated production was friend and physician both of Chesterfield and the well-known pamphlet called ultimately, of Pulteney, the last of whom tells Swift
* Law is a Bottomless Pit ; or, the History that no one but Arbuthnot understood his of .John Bull,' published 1712. Both Swi^t case. He attended ]\Irs. Howard, afterwards and Pope ascribe this to Arbuthnot (Spbnce's Lady Suffolk, and Congreve. He was the Anecdotes, p. 145; Journal to Stella, 12 Dec. trusted friend and adviser of all the wits. 1712). It is an ingenious and lively attack He helped to get up a subscription for Prior
upon the war policy of the whigs ; and, if when the poet was in distress. He was the it wants the force of Swift's profounder constant adviser, medical and otherwise, of satire, it is an admirably effective and his friend Gay. Pope constantly expressed still amusing party squib. It does not seem his gratitude to Arbuthnot, paid to him to be known whether Arbuthnot originated some of his finest poetical compliments, and or only adopted the nickname, John Bull. dedicated the most perfect of his satires to During the last years of Queen Anne's reign this Swift and Arbuthnot had become intimate Friend to my life, which did not you prolong, with the younger wits. Pope, Gay, and The world had wanted many an idle song. Parnell. They called themselves the * Scrib- lerus Club,' and projected a kind of joint- Though his coi'respondence with Swift was stock satire to be directed against 'the often interrupted, their friendship never abuses of human learning in every branch.' changed. Arbuthnot, who was a musician, Lord Oxford carried on an exchange of helped Swift to get singers for his cathedral,
humorous verses with them ; and, according and sent him prescriptions and medical advice. to Pope (Spence's Anecdotes, p. 10), Atter- If there were a dozen Arbuthnots in the bury, Congreve, and even Addison, proposed world, said Swift {Letter to Pope, 29 Sept. to join in their scheme. Arbuthnot writes 1725), he would burn his ' Travels.' * Our a letter to Swift with various suggestions doctor,' he adds, ' hath every quality in the for Scriblerus during his friend's retirement world that can make a man amiable and
at Letcombe; and Swift in his reply says useful ; but, alas ! he hath a sort of slouch that Arbuthnot was the only man capable of in his walk.' Elsewhere {Letter to Gay, carrying out the plan, which had been ori- 10 July 1732), he calls Arbuthnot the king ginally suggested by Pope. The scheme of inattention,' and Chesterfield confirms the dropped for a time upon Anne's death and statement that Arbuthnot was frequently the retirement of Swift to Ireland. Frag- absent-minded in company. 'The doctor,' ments, however, had been executed and said Swift on another occasion, ' has more
' formed part of the Miscellanies ' printed by wit than we all have, and his humanity is Pope in 1727. The ' Memoirs of Martinus equal to his wit.' And this seems to have
Scriblerus ' Avere first published in the quarto been the universal opinion.
edition of Pope's works in 1741 ; they are Arbuthnot was singularly careless of his mainly, if not exclusively, Arbuthnot's, and literary reputation. His witty writings were
give the best specimen of his powers. The anonymous ; he let his children make kites ridicule of metaphysical pedantry is admi- of his papers, allowed his friends to alter rable, though rather beyond popular apprecia- them as they pleased, and took no pains to ' ;
Arbuthnot 64 Arbuthnot distinguish his share. After the death of father's cheerfulness by Swift's friend Eras- Queen Anne he took part, with Pope and mus Lewis, was one of Pope's executors Gay, in the sillv farce called ' Three Hours Pope left to him a portrait of Bolingbroke after Marriage, in which his old enemy- and a watch given by the King of Sardinia to Woodward is once more ridiculed, and Peterborough, and by Peterborough to Pope. which, being unworthy of all the three He also bequeathed 200^. to George and authors, was deservedly damned in 1717. 200/. to his sister Ann Arbuthnot. Arbuth- Another trifle, called ' A Brief Account^ of not's acknowledged works are given above. Mr. John Ginglicutt's treatise concerning Two volumes, called 'The Miscellaneous the Altercation or Scolding of the Ancients,' Works of the late Dr. Arbuthnot,' were pub- is identified as Arbuthnot's by letters to lished at Glasgow in 1751. George Arbuth- Swift from Pulteney (9 Feb. 1731) and not advertised that they were not hi»
' Pope (1 Dec. 1731) ; but Pope's view that it father's works, but an imposition upon th& is of 'little value' seems to be better founded public' They were repulDlished in 1770, than Pulteney's admiratig;! of its humour. with a few additional pieces and a life, the Arbuthnot had published about 1707 a col- accuracy of which was admitted by George lection of * Tables of Grecian, Roman, and Arbuthnot (see Biog. Brit. 1778). The col- Jewish Measures, Weights, and Coins reduced lection has no authority, but includes the fol- to the English Standard,' and dedicated to lowing, which were clearly Arbuthnot's : the Prince George of Denmark. He republished ' Usefulness of Mathematical Learning,' the these in 1727, with preliminary dissertations 'Scolding of theAncients,'the' Examination and with a dedicatory poem to tlie king by of Woodward,' a sermon at the Mercat Cross, his son Charles, then a student of Christ Edinburgh (see Elwin's Pope, Letters, ii. Church, for whose benefit, he tells us, they 489), and a poem called Tvwdi crfavrbv, first were again printed. The death of this son printed by Dodsley in 1748, with Arbuth- in 1731 was a severe blow to Arbuthnot, and not's name. The ' Masquerade,' a poem, is is mentioned with pathetic resignation in probably Fielding's, with whose ' Grub- the father's letter to Swift, 13 Jan. 1732-3. street Opera' it Avas printed in 1731, having Arbuthnot's health had long been uncer- first appeared (it is there said) in 1728. The tain. Swift notices, in the 'Journal to letter to Dean Swift is attributed to Gordon Stella' (4 Oct. 1711), that the doctor was of the 'Independent Whig' {Monthly Re-
suffering from symptoms of stone. In 1723 view, iii. 399). It is said in Chalmers's ' Biog, he tells Swift that he is as cheerful as Diet.' that several of the pieces ' were written ever on public affairs, ' with a great stone by Fielding, Henry Carey, and other authors/ in his right kidney, and a family of men They are for the most part worthless, and and women to provide for.' His charac- seem to have been taken at random on ac- teristic cheerfulness seems to have de- count of the subjects. ' Gulliver deeypher'd' clined under illness and domestic trouble, is attributed to Arbuthnot in the ' Biog. and some of his later letters express some Brit.,' and by a writer in the ' Retrospective sympathy with Swift's misanthropical views. Review,' but it is a more than ostensible In his last years he published three medical attack upon Swift, Pope, and himself; it
' treatises : An Essay concerning the Nature deals with certain sore svibjects for all three
the of them ' of Aliments and Choice (1731) ; on which Arbuthnot was very unlikely to ' Practical Rules of Diet in the various Con- touch. The 'third part of John Bull'' stitutions and Characters of Human Bodies seems to be quite unworthy of him. Be-
' (1732) ; and an Essay concerning the Effects sides these, he has been credited with ' Criti-
of Air on Human Bodies ' (1733). He retired cal Remarks on Capt. Gulliver's Travels
for a time to Hampstead in 1734, to try the by Dr. Bantley,' ' Don Bilioso de rEstomac,*" effect of the air, and there wrote touching ' Notes and Memorandums of the six days letters to Pope (17 July) and to Swift preceding the Life and Death of a late Right (4 Oct. 1734), taking leave of them with Rev. ' (that is Bishop Burnet), and
' ' * affectionate goodwill. A recovery in my the Essay upon an Apothecary ' in a Sup- case and in my age,' he wrote, 'is impossible; plement to Dean Sw—t's Miscellanies,' all the kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia.' in the same collection. They are at best He died peacefully, though in much suffer- veiy doubtful. It appears, also, that Ar- ing, 27 Feb. 1734-5. buthnot helped in the notes to the * Dun-
Arbuthnot had two sons—Charles, men- ciad ' (Nichols, Illustrations, iii. 766, and tioned above, and George, who became Anecdotes, v. 586). He may probably have
* secondary in the Remembrancer's Office—and written the Virgilius Restauratus ' ap-
two daughters, who died unmarried. George, pended to the same ; and he is said to have
whose melancholy is contrasted with his written the ' Reasons offered by the Company ;
Arbuthnot 65 Arbuthnot of exercising the Trade and Mystery of Up- on his advancement to flag rank. He reached holders against part of the Bill for viewing home in September, and in the following and examining Drugs and Medicines ;' the spring, after sitting as a member of the court- * Petition of the Colliers, Cooks, Blacksmiths, martial on Admiral Kepnel, lie was appointed &c., against Catoptrical Victuallers ;' and * It to the command of the North American sta- canjiot rain but it pours, or London strewed tion, for which he sailed in the Europe of 64 with rarities,' generally printed in Swift's guns on 1 May. He reached New York on works. Tliey first appeared in the additional 25 August. Here he remained through the
' volume of ' Miscellanies published by Pope autumn and winter, for some time expecting in 1732,togetherwith an 'Essay of the learned the attack of the Count d'Estaing,whicJi how- Martinus Scriblerus concerning the Origin of ever broke without much harm on Savannah. Sciences ' (which is traced to the monkeys of Afterwards, in concert with Sir Henry Clin- Ethiopia) attributed to Arbuthnot and Pope ton, he undertook the expedition against himself by Pope (Spence, 167). He may Charlestown, Avhicli surrendered without fur- have contributed in some degree to the ther resistance, when tlie passage into the treatise on the Bathos, which seems, how- harbour had been forced by the fleet. On ever, to have been almost entii'ely Pope's. 10 July 1780 a squadron of seven ships of the
' The History of John Bull ' originally line and four heavy frigates, with a body of appeared in 1712, in successive parts, entitled 6,000 soldiers newly arrived from France, * Law is a Bottomless Pit, exemplified in the captured Rhode Island, and Arbuthnot, rein- case of Lord Strutt, John Bull, Nicholas forced at the same time and with a squadron Frog, and Lewis Baboon, who spent all they now numbering nine sliips of the line, took up had in a lawsuit ;' * Jolin Bull in his Senses,' his station in Gardiner's Bay at the north end
* being the second pai't of the above ; John of Long Island, whence he could keep watch Bnll still in his Senses,' the third part; on the enemy. He was still here at the latter ;' 'Appendix to John Bull still in his Senses end of September, when he unexpectedly re- and ' Lewis Baboon turned honest and John ceived a letter from Sir George Rodney, ac- Ikill politician,' being the fourth part. They Juainting him that he had arrived at Sandy are described on the title-page as written look and taken on himself the command of by the author of the ' New Atalantis.' The the stati(m. Sir George was at tliis time the history was reprinted in Pope's 'Miscellanies' commander-in-chief at the Leeward Islands, (1727), rearranged and divided into two and having reason to believe that the Count parts. de Guichen, the French admiral, had brought [Life in Miscellaneous Works, 1770; Bio- his fleet on to the coast of North America, graphia Britannica ; Works of Swift and Pope, had also come with ten ships of the line. passim ; Spence's Anecdotes ; Chesterfiekl's Works, Arbuthnot resented this supersession, and ex- 1845, ii. 446; Retrospective Eeview, vol. viii. pressed himself upon it with much temper and Mimk's College of Physicians (1878), ii. 27.] insolence. Rodney submitted the whole mat- L. S. ter to the admiralty. The admiralty approved ARBUTHNOT, MARRIOT (1711 .P- Rodney's view, and Arbuthnot, nettled by 1794), admiral, was a native of Weymouth. the implied censure, requested, on the plea of About his birth, parentage, and early years, ill-health, that he might be relieved from the nothing is certainly known. It has been command which had again devolved on him, supposed that he was related to Dr. John since Rodney had gone back to the West Arbuthnot, but apparently on no stronger Indies as soon as he knew that Guichen had grounds than the similarity of name ; and the certainly returned to France. fact that up to 1763 he always wrote it Ar- Through the first two months of 1781 the buthnott, as the family of Viscount Arbuth- French and English squadrons lay opposed to nott still does, may perhaps suggest a nearer each other at Rhode Island and Gardiner's connection with that stem. He did not attain Bay. It was only with the beginning of the rank of lieutenant till 1739, when he was March that M. Destouches, the French senior twenty-eight years of age. In 1746 he was officer, was pereuaded by Washington to at- made a commander, and in 1747 a captain. tempt a movement against the English po- In 1759 he commanded the Portland, one of sitions at the mouth of the Chesapeake. 1 he the ships employed under Commodore DuflP time was well chosen, for one of the English in the blockade of Quiberon Bay, and was ships had been wrecked a few weeks before, present at the total defeat of the French on and another dismasted [see Affleck, Ed- 20 Nov. From 1771 to 1773 he commanded mund]. Arbuthnot, however, got to sea very the guardship at Portsmouth, and in 1775 shortly after Destouches, and on the morning was appointed commissioner of the navy at of 16 March, beingthen some forty miles to the
I [alifax ; but he was recalled in January 1778 eastward of Cape Henry, the French squadron VOL. II. ;
Arbuthnot 66 Arbuthnot was sighted to the north-east. It was now ARBUTHNOT, Sir ROBERT, K.C.B., to leeward ; but as Arbuthnot steered to- K.T.S. (1773-1853), lieutenant-general, was wards it the wind gradually drew round from the fourth son of John Arbuthnot, of Rock- west to north-east. Throughout the forenoon fleet, county Mayo, and brother of the he endeavoured to get to windward of the Right Honourable Charles Arbuthnot and enemy, and about 1.30 p.m. Destouches, find- of Lieutenant-general Sir Thomas Arbuth- ing that he was losing ground and apprehen- not [see Akbtjthnot, Charles]. He entered sive of having his rear doubled on, gave up the army as a cornet in the 23rd light dra- the weather-gauge, and running down to lee- goons on 1 Jan. 1797, and was present at the ward formed his line on the starboard tack. battle of Ballynamuck in the Irish rebellion As the English squadron, on the opposite on 8 Sept. of the following year. He sub- tack, was now nearly abreast and to wind- sequently served with his regiment at the ward of the enemy, Arbuthnot began to wear capture of the Cape of Good Hope in 1806, in succession ; and the three leading ships, op- and in South America as aide-de-camp to posed to the enemy's van, found themselves General (afterwards Ijord) Beresford, with engaged by the wliole enemy's line before the whom and the rest of the troops under Gene- rest of their squadron could support them. ral Beresford's command he was made a In this way these three ships were dis- prisoner of war, and remained a prisoner for mantled ; whilst the enemy, passing by them eighteen months, until released under the and wearing in succession, reformed their line convention made by General Whitelock. On on the larboard tack and waited for a renewal his return from America, Arbuthnot, then a of the action. But this was out of the power captain in the 20th light dragoons, resumed of the English to attempt ; for of their eight his position on General Beresford's staff at ships three were disabled, and all that could ]Madeira, and served with him as aide-de- be done was to make for the Chesapeake and, camp, and afterwards as military secretary, anchoring in Lynnhaven Bay, prevent any throughout the greater part of the Peninsular operations the French might have in view. war. But these, on their part, had also suffered se- Few officers have taken part in so many verely, and were unable to attempt anything general actions. Besides the battle of Bally- further. Their expedition had miscarried, namuck, two at the Cape, and three in South and they returned to Rhode Island, where America, Sir Robert was present at the battle they anchored on the 30th. A fortnight of Corunna, the passage of the Douro, the later the English took up their old position battle of Busaco, the lines of Torres Vedras, in Gardiner's Bay, and Arbuthnot, having the siege and reduction of Olivenza, the first received permission to return home, surren- siege of Badajoz, the battle of Albuera, the dered the command to Rear-Admiral Graves, siege and storming of Ciudad Rodrigo, the and sailed for England on 4 July. He had third siege and storming of Badajoz, the no further employment at sea, but, advancing battles of the Nivelle, Nive, passage of the in rank by seniority, was, on 1 Feb. 1793, Adour, and the battles of Orthes and Tou- promoted to be admiral of the blue. He died louse. He received the gold cross and three in London on 31 Jan. 1794 at the age of 83. clasps for Busaco, Albuera, Badajoz, Nivelle, Admiral Arbuthnot may be considered as, Nive, Orthes, and Toulouse, and the war in some respects, a late survival of the class medal and two clasps for Corunna and Ciu- of officer described under the name of Flip dad Rodrigo. He also received Portuguese or Trunnion. That he was ignorant of the and Spanish orders, including the special star discipline of his profession was proved by his given by the Portuguese government to all
altercation with Sir George Rodney ; that he English officers of superior rank engaged at was destitute of even a rudimentary know- Albuera. He brought home the despatches ledge of naval tactics was shown by his ab- regarding Albuera, and on that occasion was surd conduct of the action off Cape Henry appointed a brevet lieutenant-colonel. He and for the rest he appears in contemporary was created a knight of the Tower and Sword stories (cf. Morning Chronicle, 18 May 1781) by the government of Portugal, and in 1815 as a coarse, blustering, foul-mouthed bully, was appointed a K.C.B. In 1830 he attained and in history as a sample of the extremity to the rank of major-general, and in 1838 was which the maladministration of Lord Sand- appointed to the command of the troops in wich had reduced the navy. Ceylon, after which he commanded a division in Bengal until his promotion as lieutenant- [Charnock's Biographia Navalis, vi. 1 ; Eidfe's Naval Biography, i. 129; Beatson's Naval and general in 1841. In 1843 he was appointed
Military Memoirs ; Muiidy's Life of Lord Eod- colonel of the 76th foot. He died on 6 May
ney ; Official Letters and Documents in the Re- 1863. cord Office.] J. K. L. Sir Robert Arbuthnot was an officer of ;
Arbuthnot 67 Archdall
conspicuous gallantry, and was remarkable proved by his having selected him for the for liis quickness of eye and readiness of re- newly constituted command at Manchester source. At Albuera he distinguished himself at a time I when the chartists were causing a by galloping between two regiments, the good deal of anxiety in that part of the British o7th and a Spanish regiment, and I country. stopping the fire which by mistake they [Annual Register, 1849; Hart's Army List; were exchanging—a feat which he per- Horse Guards Records.] A. J. A. formed without receiving a single wound. I In the same battle, at a critical moment, he ARCHANGEL, Father. j [See Fokbbs, was enabled by his quickness of sight to : John.] discern a retrograde movement on the part of the French, which Marshal Beresford had ARCHDALL, MERVYN, M.A. (1723- I
not perceived, and induced the latter to re- I 1791), Irish antiquary, was descended from
call an order which he had just given for the ! John Archdall, of Norsom or Norton Hall,
retirement of two batteries of artillery. At ' in Norfolk, wlio went to Ireland in the reign an earlier period, in South America, when he '' of Queen Elizabeth, and settled at Castle and General Beresford were prisoners in the Archdall, co. Fermanagh. He was born in I hands of the Spanish, and when all the officers Dublin 22 April 1723. After passing through I were about to be searched for papers, he con- the university of Dublin with reputation, I his antiquarian trived by a clever stratagem to secrete in an I tastes introduced him to the orchard an important viz. acquaintance of Walter document, the con- I Han-is, Charles vention which had been Smith, the topographer, executed between [ Thomas Prior, and General Beresford and the Spanish general Dr. Pococke, archdeacon of Dublin. Wlien
Linieres, and of which the Spanish were I the latter became bishop of Ossory, he ap- anxious to regain possession. pointed Archdall his domestic chaplain, bestowed on him the living of Attanagh [Hart's Army List ; Annual Register, 1853 (partly in Maxwell's Victories of the British Queen's County and partly in co. Armies ; Kilkenny), and the prebend of Napier's History of the Peninsular War ; Des- Cloneamery in the patches of the Duke of Wellington.] A. J. A. cathedral church of Ossory (1762), which lie afterwards exchanged (1764) for ARBUTHNOT, Sir THOMAS (1776- the prebend of Mayne in the same cathedral. 1849), lieutenant-general, Avas the fifth son Archdall was also chaplain to Francis Pier- of John Arbuthnot, of Rockfleet, county point, Lord Conyngham, and a member of Mayo [see Akbuthnot, Charles, and Sir the Royal Irish Academy. Having married Robert, lieutenant-general]. He entered the his only daughter to a clergyman, he resigned army as an ensign in the 29th foot in 1794, part of his preferments in the diocese of and after serving in that and other regiments Ossory to his son-in-law, and obtained the Joined the staff corps under Sir John Moore rectory of Slane in the diocese of Meath, in 1803. He subsequently served as quarter- where he died, 6 Aug. 1791. master-general at the Cape of Good Hope, His works are: 1. 'Monasticum Hiber- whence, in 1808, he joined the army in the nicum ; or an History of the Abbies, Priories, Peninsula, and was assistant quartermaster- and other Religious Houses in Ireland.' Dublin, general to General Picton's division during 1786, 4to, i)p. 820. This work was the greater part of the war. He was twice the result of forty years' labour. Tlie col- wounded, once in the West Indies and again lections for it filled two folio volumes, but in one of the latest actions in the Peninsula. the author was obliged to abridge them con- He was appointed an aide-de-camp to the siderably. Compared with Dugdale's ' Mo- queen in 1814, and a K.C.B. in 1815. After nasticon Anglicanum,' it is a weak and feeble commanding a regiment for some years, he production, and eighty-two mistakes in it was sent, in 1826, to Portugal in command are rectified in Dr. Lanigan's * Ecclesiastical of a brigade. He afterwards commanded a History of Ireland.' An interleaved copy, district in Ireland, and, having attained the with numerous manuscript additions by W. rank of lieutenant-general in 1838, was ap- Monck Mason, is preserved in the Egerton pointed, in 1842, to the command of the collection in the British Museum (Nos. 1774, northern and midland districts in England, 1775). Considerable portions of tlie work which command he retained until his death appear to have been contributed by Edward in 1849. Sir Thomas Arbuthnot had a con- Ledwich. The publication of a new edition, siderable military reputation. Sir Thomas with notes by the Rev. Patrick F. Moran, D.D., Picton held him in high esteem, and the good and other antiquaries, was commenced, in opinion which the Duke of Wellington en- parts, at Dublin in 1871. 2. An edition of tertained of his judgment and efficiency was Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, * revised, enlarged, r 2