MEMORIES OF MADRAS .,.,-?' -~ 6) ~/// / r/l..-4"'../J/7-7 ~~/-UWV~
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.9--'4~ -1'9tl2. MEMORIES OF MADRAS
BY SIR CHARLES LAWSON Late Fe//()w •/the University O/ /lfadras; Auth4r of" The Pn"t•ate Li/nif Warren Hastings," etc.
With • Photogravure Portra.lts a.nd 29 other mustra.tlona.
l.onbon SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LI M
25, HIGH STREET, BLOO!IISBURY, W.C.
1905 PREFACE
AccoRDING to Saint Beuve-as quoted by The Times,· on the qth ultimo-" there is little that is new in this world, except what has grown old, and very often we discover what has already been known and forgotten." The reflection applies to this book, which contains glimpses of men and things of former days in Madras, that were obtained by delving in the archives of the British Museum and the India Office. The papers appeared originally in the Madras Mail, and have now been recast and enlarged. They are illustrated by examples of the methods of photo-engraving invented by Sir Joseph Swan, F.R.S. C. L Lo~noN, May, rgos. CO:NTENTS
CHAPTER I PAGES THE FOUNDERS OF FORT ST. GEORGE
Gleaners among old records...,..Enterprise of the Dutch-Francis Day-Search for a port on the Coromandel Coast-Arrival at ~Iadraspatam-Obtains permission to erect a fort Andrew Cogan-Arrives at ::\Iasulipatam-Co-operates with Dav-Alarm of the Court of Directors-Day sent home to" offer explanations-Returns to :Madraspatam Cogan censured by the Directors-Proceeds to England Exonerated from blame-Subsequent career-Thomas Winter, of the Masulipatam Council-Sir Edward Winter. Governor of Fort St. George-"'inter-Foxcroft episode 1-16
CHAPTER II
II DIAMOND" PITT Thomas Pitt of Blandford-Early career-Appointed Governor of Fort St. George-Purchase of the diamond-Correspon dence with son-Anxietv about the "Great Concern" Instructions and accusations-Recalled--Gulston Addison becomes Go,·ernor-,\'illiam Fraser succeeds-Lieutenant Seaton's allegations-Pitt's voyage to Europe-Declaration Rt Bergen-Arrival in England-Sale of the diamond Death and burial-Property and bequests-Descendants Earl of Chatham-Hayes Place-Pitt and Koh-i-noor diamonds: crowning distinction of latter 17-53
CHAPTER III GOVERXOR HARRISON Captain of the Relit-Appointed Governor of Fort St. George Receiws in<>tructions from the Directors-Assumes office His une\'entful reign-Returns home-Settles in London Becomes member of the Court of Directors-Appointed joint Postmaster-General-Inherits Balls Park-To\"\ns hend estates-Amwell and Haile,·bun·-Salc of heirlooms -Harrison's portrait-His daughter. 54-66 \ii viii CO)ITEXTS
CH_.\PTER IV LORD .MACARTNEY PAGES His early career-Appointed Governor of Fort St. George-Is oftered a present by the Nabob-His refusal-Letters to his Wife and Banker-Afftdavit before the l\layor-Opinionof General Stuart-Arrests and deports him-Duel that fol lowed-Sir John Burgoyne-Insubordinate behaviour l\Iacartney's forbearance-Supersession of Bnrgoyne Early death-:\Iacartney's criticism of James Sadleir Duel that followed-l\Iacartney resigns-Proceeds to Cal cutta-Returns to London-\Villing to accept Governor Generalship-Directors' appreciation of his services-His subsequent career--Death, burial, monument 67-9~
CHAPTER V MACARTNEY AND COOTE . Macartney distrusted by Warren Hastings-Disputes with Sir Eyre Coote-Latter supported by Governor-General-Pro ceeds to Calcutta-Returns to :\Iadras-Illness and death -Body conveyed for burial in Hampshire-~Iemorials of him-Lady Coote's correspondence with Hastings-Her detention in l\Iadras-Solicitude for her husband's staff Difficulty about securing passage-Returns to England Colonel Owen's retention of Company's treasure-Refer- ences to Calcutta-Treasure at last surrendered . 9 5- I r z
CHAPTER' VI CORNWALLIS AND OAKELEY Sir Archibald Campbell, Governor-Edward Holland-General l\Iedows transferred from Bombay-Expedition against Tippoo-Lord Cornwallis in command-Peace of Seringa patam-Sir Charles Oakeley succeeds General :Medows Services and character-Lady Oakeley-Public apprecia tion of Lord Cornwallis in ::\Iadras-His second term of office-Lamented death-Cenotaph erected in ::\Iadras- ::\Iemorials elsewhere . I I 3-132
CHAPTER VII WELLESLEY AND WELLINGTO!\' Colonel Arthur Wellesley-Proceeds to Calcutta-Pays visit to ~Iadras-Robert. Lord Hobart, Governor-Installation of Robert, Lord Clive-Lord ::\Iornington's visit to ::\Iadras :\lysore campaign-Parade in Fort St. George-Distribu- CO.VTENTS · ,ix
PAGES tion of Sering-apatam prize money-Public address voted in ~Iadras to Governor-General-His farewell !ev.!e Colonel Wellesley appointed chief administrator ~Iysore- His Seringapatam letter-book . 133-160
CHAPTER VIII A NOTABLE QUARTETTE George Staunton-Graduates as medical man-Proceeds to Grenada-Farewell letter of Dr. Johnson-Associated with Lord :\Iacartney-Becomes Attorney-General-Taken prisoner to France-Release effected-Accompanies Lord :\facartney to :\Iadras as Private Secretary-Deputed to Calcutta-:\"egotiates peace with Tippoo-Embarks ior England-Is pensioned-Accompanies Lord Macartney to China-Returns home-Death-Burial in Westminster Abbey-Alexander Dalrymple-.\ writer in Madras Voyages in Far East-·Studies navigation and geography Leaves for England-Receh·es grant from Court of Direc tors-Returns to :.Iadras as 'Member of Council-Impli cated in revolt against Lord Pigot-Recalled, pensioned, appointed Hydrographer to East India Company, then to Admiralty--Dismissal and death-Josiah Webbe--First Chief Secretary to Government, :\Iadras-Rapid advance~ ment-Apprehension about Lord :\Iornington's policy Removal from :\Iadras to ~Iysore and Gwalior-Death ~'fonument in the Fort Church-Thomas Cockburn-Early career in :\[adras-Becomes :\!ember of Board of Revenue -Recognition of his sen·ices bv Court of Directors-Is pensioned-Returns to England_:_Yiews on e\·angelisation of India . I61-190
CHAPTER IX AS A.YGL0-1.\'DIA.\' CROSS!XG-STI'EEPER
Cruise in the Trarspite-:\Iarine Society-Portraits of bene~ factors-Thomas Snodgrass-\Yriter at Fort St. George-l Resident at Ganjam-Dubious proceedings-~ew appoint ment-Is remo\·ed-Sen·ices dispensed with-Returns home - Refused pension by Court of Directors Assumes tole of mendicant-Commences practice as cross ing-sweeper-Horror of the Directors-Pension conceded -Settles down in London-One of founders of Oriental Club-Supporter of bene\"Qlent institutions-Dies a rich bachelor-Buried at Charlton-resting-place of notable persons X CO.VTESTS
CH.\PTER X PAGES TWO MADRAS EDUCATIOSISTS Andrew Bell-Birth and relatives-:\latriculates and emigrates -Returns home-Receh·es degree of Doctor of :\Iedicine Embarks for Bengal-Lands and remains at Madras-Be comes a pluralist-:\ssociated with establishment :\Iale Orphan Asylum-Discovers ~Iadras system of education Returns home with a fortune-Resigns Indian service Propounds his theories-Endowment of l\Iadras College. St. Andrew's-:\Iuniticence to Scotch towns-Death: burial in Westminster Abbey-" :\Iadras system of educa tion" considered-James Cordiner-Services at :\!ale Asylum-His observations in :\ladras-accepts Chaplaincy in Ceylon--Re\isits l\[adras on journey home-Obtains a smetll preferment ::05-224
CHAPTER XI A COURT-MARTIAL Colonel John Wood-His war services-Health imraired .Madras authorities beg him to retain his command-.\llega· tions against him-Ordered to return to :\Iadras-Brought before Court-martial-Acquitted-Finding disapproved by Government-Court refuses to reconsider it-Censure passed upon Court-Colonel Wood dismissed the service Government's action disallowed bv Court of Directors Colonel \\"ood exonerated-Gov~rnment unaltered in opinion-Change of Governors-Acquiescence with decision of Directors 225-23'5
CH.\PTER XII THO ADVE.YTUROUS CAPTAINS Donald Campbell of Barbreck-To :\Iadras via :\Iargate-Crosses Europe-Ostend to \"enice-Reaches Aleppo-Proceeds to Euphrates and Tigris-Yisits Xineveh and Babylon Bussora to Bushire and Bombay-Sets out for Goa-Ship \Hecked on West Coast-:\Iade prisoner by Hyder's soldiers-Companion in misfortune-)Iarched to Hyder nagur-Death of companion-Obtains his release-Reaches :Madras and Bengal-Returns to :.\ladras and England -George Elers proceeds to :\[adras on military duty -Hospitable reception-On the march in Southern India-.\. d!!el and iatal result-Association with Colonel Wellesley-Proceeds to Calcutta-.\nother fatal duel- Returns to England 237-255 CO.VTENTS Xj
CHAPTER XIII SOJIE VISITORS
Alexander Hamilton-Seafaring experiences-Voyage to ~!ala bar, :Maldives, and :\Iadras-Observations of Fort St. George-Institutions, manners, customs, trade, limitations -:\Irs. Graham-Reaches Bombay-Thence to Ceylon, back to Bombay-Arrives at ::IIadras-Description of town-Visits various institutions--Has a peep at Ennore -Observations on ~Iadras societY--Goes to Calcutta-Re turns to l\Iadras-Visits the Se,·en Pagodas-Returns to England-Publishes account of her tra,·els-James \\'athen-Experiences in :\Iadras-Local observations- Hospitably entertained-Leaves with regret • 256-272
CHAPTER XIV THE ARBUTH.VOTS Arbuthnot of Peter head-Robert Arbuthnot, Colonial S(;cretary, Ceylon-George Arbuthnot, founder of ::lladras firm William Arbuthnot, Lord Provost of Edinburgh-Inter marriages with Goughs-Royal descent-Edward the First--A descendant of his two Queens-Arbuthnot of Arbuthnot--Dr. John Arbuthnot, F.R.S.-Right Hon. John Arbuthnot-Charles Arbuthnot, ::II.P.-~lrs. Charles. Arbuthnot-Bishop Arbuthnot-Sir Alexander Arbuthnot -General Sir Charles Arbuthnot-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot-George Arbuthnot of the Treasury-" Inno- cent and True "-A ballad of the Scottish Border 273-289
APPE~DIX PAGE I. THE :'\A~IE OF .:'.IADR.-\S 291 II. FoRT Sr. GEORGE 1:-: I6i 3 293 Ill. FoRT Sr. GEORGE I~ li-t7 and li83 295 IV. HAYES PLACE 2¢ v. THE PITr A:\D KoH·I·:\OOR DIA:' HER ~lAJESTY Qt:EE::'\ ALEXAXDRA Wearing the Koh-i-noor in her Coronation Crown, 1902. From a photograph by W. and D. Downey Fro11tispiece MR. THO~IAS PITT Governor of Fort St. George. I698-I i09. Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Opposite p, 17 THE DUKE OF BUCKIXGHA~I AXD CHAXDOS, G.C.S.I. Governor of ;\ladras, 18i5-18So. From a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Co. 5I FAMOUS MADR.-\.5 DIA~IOXDS Exact sizes of the Pitt and Koh-i-noor Diamonds. Sketched by the Author from Dr. :Max Bauer's Precious Stones 52 ~IR. EDWARD HARRISOX Governor of Fort St. George, 171 I-li!7· Painter unknown. 65 EARL MACARTNEY, K.B. Governor, firstly, of Fort St. George, then of ::lladras, 178!·1785. Painted by L. F. Abbott. . 67 GEXERAL SrR EYRE CooTE, K.B. Commander-in-Chief, India, I 779-IiS 3· Painter unknown. 95 MoxniENT oF SrR EYRE CooTE In Westminster .-\bbey. Sketched by the .\uthor from the European Jlaga;;i11e. .. IOI WARRE::'\ HASTIXGS Governor-General of India, I773·I78). Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R ..-\. 103 :\IRS. WARREN HASTIXGS Wife of the Governor General. Sketched by Ozias Humphrey, R.A. 105 THE )lAROt:IS CORXWALLIS. 1\.G. Go\·er~or General of India. Ii~6-I793 and I8os. Painted by J. S. Copley; engra,·ed by S. Freeman. II 3 SIR CHARLES 0AKELEY, BART. Governor of :\Iadras, I ;92-I i9~· Paintetl by J. Barber; engrand • S. \\". Reynolds. .. 121 )loxniEXT OF THE )L-\.RQCIS CoR:-;wALLIS In St. Paul's Catht\lral, LonJon. Drawn by H. Coruouhl. .. 131 xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIO.VS xiii THE MARQ'CIS WELLESLEY, K.G. Governor General of India, 1798-1 So;. Painted by R. Horne; engraved by J. Heath. Opposite p. 133 TIPPOO SVLTAN The Ruler of Mnore, 1782-1799· Lithographed by ~Iauzaisse. 141 MAJOR-GHERAL SIR ARTHVR WELLESLEY, K.B. On the Staff, ~ladras, t8oz-r8o;. Painted by R. Home; engrave? by C. Turner. 157 SIR GEoRGE SrAU!\'TOX, BART. Private Secretary to Earl 1\lacartney, I781-1785. Painted by L. F. Abbott. . r6r MR. THO~!AS SNODGRASS Member of the Civil Service of Madras, 1777-r8o4 Painter unknown. 191 THE REV. DR. AXDREW BELL, D.D., F.R.S. Discoverer of the ~ladras System of Education. Painted by\\', Owen, R.A.; engraved by S. W. Reynolds. .. 207 LADY CALLCOTT \\'ife of Sir Augustus Callcott, R.A. Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A. 269 ~IR. GEORGE ARBI:THNOT Founder of Messrs. Arbuthnot & Co., )ladras. Painter unknown. 27 J SIR WJLLI.BI ARBt'TH:"\OT, BART. Lon1 Pro\'O"t of Edinburgh, 1822. 285 SiR ALEXA:"\DER ARBt:TH!\'OT, K.C.S.I. A~. Governor of :-.Jadras, 1872 .. GE:-\ER.\L SiR CHARLES ARBl'TH:"\OT, G.C.B. Commander-in-Chid, :-.Iadras, 1886-91. , SiR GEoRGE GouGH ARBUTH:\Or r\o11· of :\!t•ssrs ..\rbuthnot. & Co., :-.Iadras. VIE\\'S, ETC. SERl:-.:GAP:\.T:\\1 p. qo THE EAsr hDI:\ HaesE . Opposite p. 202 (HARLTO:\ (Ht'RCH j 204 THE COLLEGF, Sr. ANDREW's ~L\.DR:\5 217 FORT Sr. GEORGE I:\ 167 3 293 l\1Rr Sr. GEORGE 1:\ 1783 295 . HAYEs PucE 297 ~(.\P OF bDl.\ p. xiv .\tnts OF THE EAST 1:\DI.\ (O~!P.-1.~\' 011 Co;·er xiv APPE::\DIX I (Page 6) THE ~A:IIE 'oF :MADRAS IT is upwards of eighty years since Bundla Ramasawmy ::\aidu wrote a memoir on the revenue system of :\Iadras, which, fifty years later, was reproduced in the Selections from the Records of the South A rcot District, published under the authority of Government. Accord· ing to him the representati\'es of the East India Company, either at :\lasulipatam or at Armagon, enlisted the assistance of his ancestor, Berry Timmapa of Palacole, near :\laddipollam, in their approach to the ::\ati,·e Princes farther down the Coast. Then, Berry Tim· mapa "procured them permission from one Damerla Yencatapa ~aick to build a factory at :\Iadras," and obtained "a Shasanam, m grant from Streerunga Royaloo, who then reigned at Chandra gerry, for three villages, namely Egmore, Tondavadoo and Poodu· pauk," subject to the condition that the new factory should bear the name of Chennama Xaick, the father of Damerla Yencatapa Xaick, Furthermore, this Berry Timmapa, according to his descendant, assisted in the building of the town called Chennapatnam, on the north side of the factory ; and exerted himself to induce people from diiferent parts of the outlying country to settle in, and carry on their ,·arious trades or occupations there. He also caused two pagodas to be built, the one, sacred to \'ishnoo, being called Chenna Casawa rerma~ and the other, sacred to Shh·a, being called Chinn a :\Ialleswara. Then the author proceeded to say, that "the gentleman who was .\gent at that time, :\Ir. Day, undertook to build a factory on the spot where there was a fisherman's coopam, the head man of which was a Christian, named )ladrasen, who ha,i.ng thrown some obstacle in .allowing the piece of ground he was in possession of, which was his plantain garden, Berry Timmapa had by his influence obtained that spot, promising him that he would cause the factory which was about to be erected to be called after his name, as )Iadaresenpafam, or commonly :\ladraspatam." In his monograph on the founding of Fort St. George, which is noticed in a pre,·ious page, :\Ir. William Foster gives the aboYe account 0f the genesis of )ladras, but expresses his disbelief in the main parts (\fit. The grant of the ,·illages of Egmore, Tonda\·adoo, and Poodu pauk, was not made o\·er to the English until long after the time of lkrry Timmapa. But )lr. Foster thinks it probable that Berrv Timmapa was the native go-betwe-en in Day's negotiations \\ith the Xaik, and that he may have usefully employed himself in in\i.ting !!Ill APPESDIX his countrymen to take up their abode in the town that sprang up i11 the vicinity of the Fort. The original of the firman granted by the Xaik to Day as well as that of Day's letter dated from Armagon, on July 27, 1639. narrating his proceedings for the information of the authorities at )lasulipatam, prior to his arrival at that settlement, are not known to be in existence; though three duplicates of both docu ments, contained in the India Office Records, leave no room for doubt that reference was made in the grant to " our port of )ladraspatam. '' But subsequently, by the donor's desire, the new settlement was called Chennapapatnam, after his father Chennapa, which name was eventu ally modified into Chennapatnam. Twenty years after the grant· ing to Day of the above-mentioned firman, :\Ir. Chambers became Agent at Fort St. George, and he retained that position three years, during which he \\Tote for )lr. Jonathan Trevisae, a friend of his in Bengal, a brief narrative of the founding of )ladras. The original of this narrative has been lost, but there is a copy of it in the India. Office. In this account )lr. Chambers mentions that Damarla Japa Xainda "writ to )lr. Day that he would have a town founded in his Father's Chennapa Xaindu's name." This Damarla is recognized by )Jr. Foster as Ayjapaneyck, or Ayappa Xaick, residing at Puna malla, viceregent and younger brother of Damarla Yenketadra, or \'enkatappa, the giver of the grant. "Damarla," )lr. Foster says, "appears to have been a family name, and it was borne by the father of the present Rajah of Kalahasti, who is stated to be a descendant of Dav's Xaik." All this goes to explain why it is that, although the first English settlers may have departed from their agreement with the Xaik to call the town they erected Chennapatnam, after his father's name, that name is still associated by the native population at large with the city of )ladras. It will probably continue to be so until the end of time. The settlers referred to soon grew tired of the use of so long a name as )!adraspatam-or, as in one place it appears, ::\Iadrazpatam for, \\Titing in September, 16 ..p, to the authorities at Bantam, the ::\Iadras factors said:-" Wee now are and have bvn a twelvemonth constant resident at )laddaras, and have made th~t the Cheife place for your other Factories to account to." ::\Ir. Foster states that this is the first instance of the use of the abbreviated form. " In the original, howe,·er, the word comes at the end of a line, and h<~s a mark of contraction o·.-er it ; so we cannot infer that this form had yet become general." But, as to the derivation of the word ~Iadras, reliable information is still lacking, since the pretty story of the Christian fisherman, )!adrasen, being the name-father of the city, must be regarded as no more than an evolution from the inner con sciousness of a romantic \\Titer. Colonel Sir Henrv Yule, R.E., and ~Ir. Arthur Bum,..ll, )I.C.S., in their admirable ·Glossary of .\nglo-lndian colloquial words and phrases, on which they conferred the strange title of Hobson-]obsou. said that the question as to the deri,·ation had been much debated, R~ p n:xlu ct! d fh.J m Fl').'-"l''ao · · Tra\·~l li '' FORT !:iT. GEORGE, IN 1673. APPEXDIX but with little result. They found that in the earliest maps the name ~Iadraspatanam-meaning the "city of the :\Iadras "-is given to the localities long known as Triplicane and Royapettah. Fryer's map published in 1698, which illustrates Fort St. George as he saw it in 1673, and which is reproduced on the opposite page, shows on the right hand the southern limits of" ).ladirass, The Indian Town with fiat houses." It also depicts "the Governor's house" in the Fort, as a :\Iahomedan building, with a dome, that may possibly.ha,•e once been what the ~Iahomedans call a " ).Iadrasa " or College. Hence the conclusion that the name ":\ladras" was derived from "::\Iadrasa," or " :\Iadrisa." In a document under date r681, \\Titten by certain Portuguese at San Thome, shortly after the founding of ·Fort St. George, and still extant, the new settlement in their vicinity is called " )ladaraza." APPEXDIX II (Page 16) FORT ST. GEORGE IS 1673 Is connexion with the foregoing remarks it may be mentioned that'' John Fryer, :\I.D., Cantabrig,, and Fellow of the Royal Society," published, in 1698, A Sew Account of East India and Persia in Eight Letters, bring Xine }'ears' Tra<·els, begu~t 1672 and finished r68r." The book was " printed by R. R. for R.I. Chiswell, at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Churchyard, London," and was "illustrated with :\laps, Figures, and Useful Tables," including, as the frontispiece, a large and well executed steel cngra\'ed portrait of himself. By permission of the East India Company he embarked at Gra\·esend, as one of the two passengers on board the ship Unity, Captain Craft, :;so tons, 3~ guns. That \'esse! formed one of a fleet of ten ships bound for the East, including the London, Captain Bass, 500 tons, 40 guns, with the Admiral;· the President, Captain Hyde, 500 tons, 4:2 guns, with the \'ice-.\dmiral; and the Sampson, Captain Eming, 4(lO tons, 40 guns, with the "Rere "-Admiral. To this fleet "his ::\Iajesty Charles II was pleased to grant Letters of :\lark, which em powered them to wear the King, Jack, Ancient end Pennant, and to act as )len of \Yar (the English and French at this time being at open defiance against the Dutch)." The following is his description of how he arri\·ed, and what he observed at Fort St. George:- I went a5lh•re in a ~lu,;s•.lnl.l, a RtMt wh,..rrin ten ~l.'n paddle, the two afterru,.st ut whom .m~ the Stt.'t.'rsmen, using their Paddles instead uf a Ruddo>r. Tht- Buat i; Hut ~tn·n~tlwned with Knt.'e-Tunber, as ours are; the b:nded Planks are suwn t··~rth~r wtth 1\••l'r·\'arn nf the Ctll'<)t", and calked with Dammar (a S••rt .,f 1\ .. sin tak~n out ,,j the Sc.l) ~n arttticl,lll\', that it \'idds to t'\'l:'r\" :\mbill•>usSLlrf. utherwise \'OU cuuld n.•t ~t'l ash,•rt.', the Ha~ kn.x:kmi in l'lt'Ct'S all.that are intl<·xible. ~l"1in~ tnw.U'd,; tht' Sh,,re, we lett St. Tht•nw., which lit'S but Three ~IileS to the Suuth of ~Iad,.ras .llld F·•rt St. G~"rge: in the midll.!\' ~lad.:ras 1\.il'<"r in ~reat RJ.ins opens its ~l .. mh 1ut,1 th~ S,·a; h.ning tir•t saluted the Banks uf furt St. c~"r6~ (•11 the \\'<"st. APPEXDIX Towards the Sea the Sand is cast up into a Rampire, from whence the fluid Artillery discharges itself upon us, and we on the Shoulders of the Blacks must force our wav through it. · Though we landed wet. the Sand was scalding hot, which made me recollect my steps, and hasten to the Fort. As it looked on the Water, it appeared a Place of good force. The Outwork is walled with Stone, a good helghth, thick enough to blunt a Cannon-build, kept by half a dozen Ordnance at each side the Water· gate, besides an Halfmoon of Fire.Guns. At both Points are mounted tweJ,·e Guns eyeing the Sea, :\laderas, and St. Thomas; under these in a Line stand Palli· sadoes, reaching from the Wall to the Sea; and hedge in at least a .1\Iile of ground. On the South side they ha,·e cut a Ditch a sufficient depth and breadth to prevent scaling the Wall, which is a quarter of a :llile in length afore it meets with a third Point or Bastion, facing St. Thomas, and the adjacent Fields; who suffer a Deluge when the Rains descend the Hills. :From this Point to the Fourth, where are lodged a Dozen Guns more that grin upon ~laderas, runs no Wall, but what the Inhabitants compile for the Gardens and Houses planted all along the River parallel with that that braces the Sea. From the first Point a Curtain is drawn with a Parapet; beneath it are two Gates and Sally Ports to each for to enter Maderas; over the Gates five Guns run out their .Muzzles, and two more within them on the Ground. Over all these the :Fort itself lifts up its Four Turrets, eYery Point of which is loaded with Ten Guns alike. On the South-East Point is fixed a Standard: the Forms of the Bastions are Square, sending forth Curtains fringed with Battlements from one to the other, in whose Innterstitiums whole Cul\·erin are tra,·ersed. The Governor's House in the middle overlooks all, slanting diagonally with the Court. Entering the Garrison at the Out-gate towards the Sea, a Path of broad, polished Stones spreads the way to pass the Second Guard into the Fort at an humble Gate: opposite to this one more state!)' fronts the High-street. On both sides thereof is a Court of Guard, from whence, for every Day's duty, are taken Two hundred 1\Ien, their being in pay, for the Honourable East India Company, of English and Portu· guez ;oo, reckoning the )lontrosses and Gunners. The Streets are sweet and clean, ranked with fine Mansions of no extraordinary Height (because a Garrison· Town) though Beauty, which they conciliate, by the Battlements and Tarras Walks on e\'ery House, and Rows of Trees before their Doors, whose Italian Porticos make no ordinarY conveyance into their Houses built with Brick and Stone. Ed.i.fices of commo~ note are. none, except a small Chappel the Portugais are admitted to say :\lass in. Take the Town in its exact proportion, and it is Oblong. The True Possessors of it are the English, instated therein by one of their Kaiks, or Prince of the Gentues, 90 years ago, 40 years befcre their total subjection to the :\Ioors ; who lik~wise have since ratified it bv a Patent from Gulconda, only paying 7,ooo Pagods yearly for Royalties and Cnst;ms, that raises the Honey four· fold to the Company, whose Agent here is Sir William Langhorne, a Gentleman of Indefatigable Industry and Worth. He is Superintendent over all the Factories on the Coast of Coromandel, as far as the Bay of Bengala and up Huygly River (which is one of the Falls of Ganges), \'iz., Fort St. George alias ~laderas, Pettipolee, ~lechlapatan, Gundore, :\ledapollon, Balisore, Bengala, Huygli, Castle Buzzar, Pattanaw. He has his :\lint, and Privilege of Coining; the Country Stamp is only a Fanam, which is 3d. of Gold; and their Cash, twenty of which go to a Fanam. :\Ioreo\'er he has his Justiciaries to gh·e Sentence, but not on Life and Death to the King's Liege People of England, though over the rest they may. His Personal Guard consists of 3 or 400 Blacks, besides a Band of I,joo :\len ready on Summons. He never goes abroad without Fifes, Drums, Trumpets, and a Flag with two Balls in a Red Field, accompanied with his Council and Factors on Horseback, with their Ladies in Palenkeens. The English here are Protestants, the Portugais Papists, who have their several Orders of Fryers, who, to give them their due, compass Sea and Land to make Prosel~ies, many of the Xati,·es being brought in by them. The number of English here rna\' amount to Three hundred; of Portuguez as many Thousand, who made Fort St.'George their Refuge when they were routed from St. Thomas by the ~!o•m about ten years past, and ha\·e ever since !i\·ed under protection of the English. From the · 'E\lJ'O))e&D 'U.a,&a.zine ... l?CJ . F01U' !>'1'. GEORGE, ON THE COROMANDE.L C04ST• .EAST INDIES. APPENDIX 295 APPEKDIX III. (Page 94) FORT ST. GEORGE IS 1747 The European Magazine of August 1747 contained the follo\\ing " Succinct Account" of Fort St. George:- Fort St. George stands upon the coast of Coromandel, in the latitude of I3° 30', and is looked upon as the most considerable place in the possession of the East India Company. It lies in about so•, in point of longitude, east from London, which makes about six hours' diff~rence between time there and here, so that 6 in the morning with us is their noon, and our noon about their fall of night, for the days are \'ery near of an eQual length in that country all the year round. Fort St. George is very happily seated in the midst of the White Town, v:ith the road before it, and a river behind it. It is a regular square, of about xoo yards, fortified with four bastions, and built with what thev call iron·stone. The west gate, which looks towards the land, is large and ma~ificent, and a company of soldiers keep guard there ; the opposite gate towards the ri,·er is small, and is guarded only by a file of musqueteers. The \\'hitP. Town is of oblong form, well built, and, except towards the river, has a good wall. To the northward lies the Black Town, which is properly called Madrass, and. br the Moors, Chinapatam, inhabited by Portuguese, Indians, Armenians, and many other nations. The streets are wide and many of them well planted with trees, so that having the sea on one side, and a ri\•er on the other, it may be said that few cities stand so pleasantly, or are better supplied with provisions. The situation is verr proper for defence. They have St'veral outguards, and, taking their artillery all together, they han at least zoo pieces of cannon. The !(arrison consists of three companies, each of So or xoo men. About two·thirds of these are Europeans, the rest Topasses, or Portuguese Indians. The Company has besides about 200 of the natives in their pay, who are called Peons, and in time of danger they might le,·y a considerable number of people. The Fort is a regular and good fortification, kept in constant order, well supplied with artillery, ammuni tiLln and provisions, and a garrison (•f considerable strength, under the command of officers of experience who are regularly and handsomely paid by the Company. In the middle of Fort St. GeL1rge stands the Governor's house, which is a \'ery handsome, lnftv, square stone building, and affords room not only for his lodgings, but fLlr the lodg-ings also of the Company's sen•ants. As this is looked upon as the lllllSt considerable place on that coast, the establishq1ent there is very large in all r~spt•cts. The first person is the Gowrnor, who has a salary of 200 pounds a year, and another hundred by way of gratuity; tht> chief of his Council has xoo pounds a yt•ar, the next to him 70, the third so, and the three other counsellors 40 each. There are besides six senior merchants, two junior merchants, five factors, ten writers. two ministers. a surgeon, two assay·masters (for they coin money here), a judgt>, an attorney.general. and a secretary. This is a place of vast trade, and all the officers ha,·e such perquisites that the}' S•l•'ll become rich. There is no place in the world where money is so plenty, or whert• traders ha\·e better credit. The GLwernor li\'t'S with the state and magnifi. cence of a prince, and is re,;pected as such by the inhabitants who are his, or rather the ('t•mpany's subjl'Cts, from whom they receiH quit rents from their land,;, duties tlll tlwir goods, and an excise UPL'n all eatablrs, which is applied to defraying the expen~e of the GLl\'t'rtunent ..•• It is CLllllputed that there are under the CL•mpany's junsdictiLl!l not ft'wer than 3L'-'•000 souls." (Page 9-!.) FoRr Sr. GEORGE IX 1i83. The Eurott'all .llaga::iue of December, Ii83, contained "A Short Account of ~Iadrass, or Fort St. George, on the Coast of Coromandel, bdongi.ng to the East India Company, with a picturesque \"iew of that Settlement." The Yicw has been reproduced on the opposite page. The Account is as follow:>:- APPENDIX \\'hen the European nations first began to settle along the western coast of the Bay of Ben!(al, the English East India Company early formed a settlement at Chili· patam, or )ladrass, which was well situated for the trade there carried on, being nearly the central part of the Coast of Coromandel, and commanding great part of the trade of the Carnatic. This place is still their principal Settlement on that coast, and is situated in about 15 deg. north latitude, and about 8o deg. of longitude east from London. Being seated within the tropics it experiences all the disadvantages arising from heat which is usual in those latitudes; and, were it not for the sea breezes that daily cool the air, would not be habitable by European con stitutions. The Settlement consists of two towns; that called the 'White Town is a regular fortification, and is about 400 paces long, and 150 broad, divided into regular streets, the houses being built with brick, the rooms lofty, and the roofs flat. The town is a Corporation, and has a Mayor, Aldermen, and other proper officers; with two churches, one for the Protestants, the other for the Roman Catholics; also an hospital, a town-hall, and a prison for debtors. The Black Town, which consists chiefly of thatched cottages, is inhabited by GentoGs, 1\lahumedans, and Portu· guese and Armenian Christians, and each religion has its temples and churches. The whole number of inhabitants in the colony, including the towns and villages in the vicinity of Fort St. George, is computed at about 8o,ooo, who are all depend· ent upon the Governor and his Council, in whom is lodged all the military power, and who are also the last resort jn civil cases. In time of war, this Settlement may experience the greatest distress, should the enemy possess a superiority at sea, its inhabitants depending upon that element for their subsistence, as their rice is brought from Ganjam and Orixa, their wheat from Surat and Bengal, and their firing from the island of Diu. It not only fronts the sea, but has a salt water river running at its back, whereby the fresh water springs are prevented coming near the town, so that there is no good water within a mile of it. Notwithstanding these disadvantages its situation for trade will always make it a place of importance, as the diamond mines are but a week's journey from it, consequently they are in tolerahle plenty, though they have not produced any of a large size for some time past. The inland trade of the colony is chiefly managed by the Armenians and Gentoos, who largely supply the Company's servants with those articles which constitute the export trade, being besides diamonds, callicoes, chintz, muslin, and other articles of the like nature. The number of European inhabitants, including the military, is generally computed at soo men. APPE~DIX IV (Page 50) HAYES PLACE HAYES Place, near Bromley, Kent, formerly the seat of a family named Scott, was purchased, in 1757, by William Pitt (the elder), who had the old house pulled down, and the present mansion erected upon its site. This was shortly after his marriage. In 1761, he had a difficulty with his colleagues in the :\Iinistry, and resigned office, whereupon the young King, George III, granted him a pension of £3,CXX) a year for three lives, in recognition of his long and eminent public senices, and raised his wife, Lady Hester Pitt, to the peerage in her own right, as Baroness Chatham of Chatham. Five years later Pitt was recalled to office, and accepted the Privy Seal, with the titles of Earl of Chatham and Baron Pitt. Thereupon his wife became Countess of Chatham, as well as Baroness Chatham of Chatham; and the eldest of their three sons became by courtesy Lord Pitt. In the immediately preceding year Sir William Pynsent died, and, though a stranger to the statesman, left him the estate of Burton Prom .a Old Print Publl'l1lec1 circa 1 no. APPESDIX 297 Pynsent, in Somersetshire, with {3/XXJ a year ; and the latter soon removed to his new property, and sold Hayes to the Hon. Thomas Walpole. But he and Lady Chatham soon pined for the air of Hayes; and eventually ~Ir. Walpole rescinded the contract, and in 1767 they returned to Hayes. Thus it was that Hayes was a haYen of rest to the great statesman during the remaining eleven years of his life. To the outside world he seemed to be a proud, self-willed, ambitious, implacable, and strenuous man, with no soft side to his cha~acter; but at Hayes he was a most fatherly father, while Lady Chatham was a most motherly mother, and their relations towards one another were always of a felicitous description. He derived pleasure, and found salutary distraction at Hayes, in indulging his taste for horticulture, which Lady Chatham shared ; but his health was uncertain, and he was warned by severe illness on several occasions to take more care of himself than was congenial to his temperament. At length, on the ;th April, 1778, he insisted, despite medical advice, on attending a debate in the House of Lords upon American affairs ; and it was while he was addressing the House, in deprecation of the proposal to recognise the declaration of American independence and to recall the British troops, that he had a fit, and was for a time in no small danger of his life. He was remo\·cd to 10, Downing Street, the official residence of the Prime ~linister, where in a few days he recovered strength sufficiently to allow of his driving back to Hayes. But the improvement was deccpti,·e, and he died at Hayes, on the 11th :\lay, in his sewntieth year. He was buried, with almost regal honours in the north transept of Westminster Abbey, the funeral being at tended by a large number of his political antagonists, as well as by a crowd of his political allies and personal friends. The House of Commons marked its sense of the value of his public services by voting both {.:m,ooo for the payment of his debts, and an annuity of £4,000 to his successors in the Earldom of Chatham. Lady Chatham snn·ived her husband twenty-five years, and then died on the 3rd April, 1803, at Burton Pynsent. Her remains were removed on the 11th idem to the house of Lady Warren, at Kensington Gore, London, and remained there until the 16th, when the funeral took place. The procession was a long one. ~ot the least noticeable feature in it was a "State horse," led by two grooms, that was CO\Trcd with black cloth, bearing the arms of the Pitt and Gre~ville tamilics, with a double coronet, the deceased lady being a Baroness in lwr own right, as well as the widow of a peer. A herald on horse b.lck bore her coronet on a crimson veh·et cushion. On the hearse were arranged b.mners, with the Pitt and Gren\"ille arms, escutcheon tl.1~s, plumes of leathers, and embroidered veh·et. The chief under t.lkrr, two conductors, six mutes, and two porters were on horseback, and ten p.1ges were on foot. There were ten pri,·ate carriages, in which l"l'lh' the Earl of Chatham and :\Ir. William Pitt, the suni,ing sons of the decrased, Lord GrenYille, Lord Hood, Lord Camelford, Lord APPENDIX Braybroke, Lord Carysfort, Lord Eliot, Lord Fortescue, Lady Sydney, 1\Ir. Thomas Grenville, etc. The procession wended its way slowly to Westminster Abbey, and was met there by the Dean, the prebender, the minor canons and the full choir. The funeral service was read by the dean, and at length the coffin was lowered into the family vault, and placed beside the coffins of Lord Chatham and Lady Harriet Eliot (younger daughter of the Earl and Countess). As the second Lord Chatham did not possess the means to keep up Hayes Place he was induced in 1785, or eighteen years before the death of his mother who was much attached to it, to sell it to Sir James Bond, by whom, four years later, it was disposed of to Viscount Lewisham, afterwards Earl of Dartmouth, from whom it passed to the family of Traill, of Greenwich. In 1870 the property was taken on lease, at a rental of £I,ooo a year, by 1\Ir. Edward Wilson, who was chief proprietor, and had for many years been the editor, of the Melbourne Argus. 1\Ir. Wilson's tenancy continued until January, 1878, when he suddenly died, as the World was being read to him by his Secretary, while he was sitting, after entertaining a house full of guests, in an armchair in that "best bedroom" wherein Lord Chatham made his exit from this mortal life. The property was then offered for sale by private contract, According to the advertisements of the land-agents it " includes a large mansion, in the middle of extensive lawns, pleasure grounds, and gardens, with park and pasture lands handsomely timbered, interspersed with ornamental woods and plantations, with some arable land, etc., near the pretty village of Hayes, abutting on Hayes Common, a very picturesque, open, and favourite district commanding some of the loveliest views to be obtained in the favourite counties of Surrey and Kent." The property was eventually purchased by Mr. C. J. Hambro, the eminent London financier, the present occupier of it. William Pitt, the younger, was much attached to the "very pictur esque, open, and favourite district," where he had passed his infancy and youth, so he was induced to purchase for himself the estate of Holwood, two miles distant from Hayes, where, it is said, the " beauty of the grounds and scenery compensate for the smallness of the mansion." He had had in his parents a conspicuous example of a happily married pair; but his own temperament was unemotional, and his mind was so concentrated upon the performance of public duties that he mav have had little time, or inclination for "thoughts of love."· Yet he was much drawn towards the Hon. Eleanor Eden, a younger daughter of his near neighbour, Lord Auckland, then residing at Eden House. This was in 1796, when he had reached the mature age of thirty-eight, and she was eighteen years younger. (She was a niece of the first Earl of :\Iinto, Governor General of India, 1807 to 1810, and of the Right Hon. Hugh Elliot, Governor of l\Iadras,.1814 to 182o--who were eventually buried in the same vault in Westminster Abbey; and she was a sister of the Earl of Auckland, Governor General of India, 1836 to 1842.) Accord- APPEXDIX ing to Lord Ashbourne, in his Pitt: Some Chapters in lzis Life and Times, she was "a handsome and winning girl, full of life, intelligence and sympathy" ; and "there was everything to attract Pitt to her," while also "there was much to attract him to her." But Pitt had been too long a bachelor, and he felt he owed it to himself to act up to the principle which he enunciated on one occasion to Wilberforce, that "the better part of love, as well as of valour, is discretion." So it came about that, after many a ramble with the most fascinating daughter of Eve whom he had ever n1et, in what may have seemed to him to be lit~rally a Garden of Eden, he wrote two long letters from his official residence in Downing Street, to her father, announcing his determination not to propose to become his son-in-law. In the first he stated:-" It can hardly be necessary to say that the time I ha,·e passed among your family has led to my forming sentiments of very real attachment towards them all, and of much more than attachment towards one whom I need not name" ; and "every hour of my acquaintance with the person to whom you will easily conceive I refer has served to augment, and confirm that impression; in short, has com·inced me that whoen'r may ha\·e the good fortune ever to be united to her is destined to more than his share of human happiness." Then he entered into a long explanation of obstacles to his own marriage that were "decisi\·e and insurmountable." He concluded the second letter by saying that:-" Feeling this impression thus strongly and unalterably in my mind, I have felt it a trying but indispensable d\lty. for the sake of all who are concerned, to state it (whatever it may cost me to do so), as distinctly and explicitly as I have done. Hadng done so, I haYe only to hope that reading this letter will nowhere be attended with half the pain I have felt in writing it." Thus did he decline to accept the happiness which Fortune seemed to have placed within his reach. Two wars later Robert, Lord Hobart, returned home from ~ladras, ~·here he had been Go,·ernor from Ii9~ to li9S, and where, in 1796, he lost his wife. He wooed, and, in I i99. won Eleanor Eden, and she, on his subsequent succession to his father's title, became Countess of Buckinghamshire. She died in 1851, haYing sun·ived her husband thitiv-five, and Pitt fort\·-fi,·e wars. The latter died a bachelor, aged. forty-sewn, at Putn~y. and was buried in the vault in West· minster .\bbey which contained the remains of his father, his mother, and his younger sister, and which, later on, receiwd the. remains of his elder brother, the second Earl of Chatham, and his sister-in-law, the second Countess of Chatham. 300' APPENDIX APPE)I'D!X V (Page 52) THE PITT AXD KOH-1-XOOR DIA:\10:-IDS IN his work on "The Great Diamonds of the World" ~Ir. Edwin Streeter expresses the opinion that "there is no reason to doubt the substantial accuracy" of the following narrative of the "beginning of the adventures" of the Pitt diamond:- It was found by a slave in the Parteal mines, on the Kistna, in the rear 1701. The story goes that, to secure his treasure he cut a hole in the calf of his leg, and concealed it, one account savs, in the wound itself, another in the bandages. As the stone weighed .po carats before it was cut, the last version of the method of conceal· mentis, no doubt, the correct one. The slave escaped to the coast with his property. Unfortunately for himself, and also for the peace of mind of his confidant, he met with an English s~dpper, whom he trusted with his secret. It is said he offered to give the diamond to the mariner in return for his liberty, which was to be secured by the skipper carrying him to a free country. But it seems probable that he supple· mcntrd this with a money condition as well, otherwise the skipper's treatment of the poor cn•ature is as devoid of reason as it is of humanity. The skipper, pro. fessing to accept the sla\·e's proposals, took him on board his ship, and, having obtained posse~sion of the jewel, flung the slave into the sea. He afterwards, so the first version of the narrative goes, sold the diamond to Mr. Thomas Pitt, Governor of fort St. George, for £r,ooo, squandered the money in dissipation, and finally, in a fit of de/iri:tm twncns and rem1rse, hanged himself. Mr. Streeter makes one correction of this story, for he adds that the skipper, in all probability, "sold the gem 11 for £r,ooo "not to :\Ir. Pitt, but to J amchund, at that time the largest diamond merchant in the East, who sold it to ~Ir. Pitt for £zo,ooo." Dr. ~lax Bauer, Privy Councillor, Professor in the University of :.\Iarburg, states in his "Precious Stones 11 (a translation of which from the German, by ~Ir. L. J. Spencer, ~LA., was published by ~Iessrs. Charles Griffin and Company, Limited, last year) that in its rough condition, the Regent, or Pitt, is perhaps the most perfect of all diamonds. " In its rough condition it was the largest of all Indian diamonds, the genuineness of which is unquestionable." It is believed that during his long life Jean Baptiste Tavernier, the French jeweller and traveller, made as many as six journeys to India in order to purchase precious stones. And it happened, accord ing to his own account, that on the eve of his departure from the Court of the Great :.\Iogul Aurungzeb, he was permitted to see the Emperor's jewels, and Akel Khan, the custodian, placed in his hands "the great diamond, which is a rose, round, very convex on one side." He ob served that the " water is perfection," and being permitted to weigh it, he ascertained that "it weighs 319} ratis, which are equal to 280 of our carats." He was at the same time informed that " when ::\Iirgimola, who betrayed the King of Golconda, his master, made a gift of the st APPEXDIX n (Page 141) A FRE!'\CH \'lEW OF TIPPOO SeLTAX !BE following is a translation from the French of a sketch of the career of Tippoo Sultan that was issued about the year 1816, with the lithographic portrait that has been reproduced opposite p. r.p. It is ba~ed on a work by ~1. ~Iichaud, published in Paris in 1809, entitled, Histoir·e dt'S progres de Ia chute de /'em,hire de Jlrsore, sous lcs rfgllt'S d'Hydt•r-Aly et de Titpoo-Saib :- Ft'!h·.-\ly-1\h.J.II, Colllllll>l\1)' call~d Tipplltl Saib, boru abnut 17~'). \\aS the Sl•U "f th~ cekbrated Hydt•r·AI)··Khan, soverei~n of a powerful t'UI!.1ire which be bad u•urpt'd frtllll the nnmg l~ajah of ~I I'St>re, t>f which his genius and his C••nquests had ).:tl't'n him pt>ssessi.>n. On tht.> de.lth of his father, December ;, Ii~~. the 1, •tmo: Tippc•o tnunJ himself heir 1t1 a territ•>ry t•f twenn·.seren thuusand square mil··s. <>f which the reHnues amt>unted t•J ne:~rlr liit1· milli<>n francs. and an arrn1· ••I .. ne hundn•d and tiitl·thotl'i'JIId men. At the riews ,;f the death of Hrd.-r-:\11·. th·.. I' :.,_\i Alexandra, Queen : wears the Abbey, roo ; statue of Lord Koh-i-noor at the Coronation ; Cornwallis at 1\Iadras, 125. her crown described, 32. Bantam, The Council of: support Amwell : associated with Hailey Day and Cogan, i. bury, source of New River, 64. Bell, Rev. Dr. Andrew: birth, Apsley House: memorials of Duke 205 ; education, emigrates to of Wellington at, reflections Yirginia, returns home \\ith suggested by a visit to, I 59· pupils, takes orders in English Arbuthnot, Sir Alexander : late Church, 206; tutor again, re of ~Iadras Civil Service, his dis· solves to try his fortune in tinguished career, 28 sn, 28611. India, embarks for Bengal, 207 ; Arbuthnots, the : Robert, Chief remains at :l\Iadras, receives Secretary, Ceylon, 273; lost in numerous salaried sinecures, the Cadiz ; George, founder of 208 ; charmed with Madras, Arbuthnot & Co., 274; his associated with establishment career, 27 5 ; his descendants, of ~Iale Orphan Asylum, dis 276; alliances with the Goughs; covery of Madras system of Sir William, Lord Provost of education, 209 ; obtains leave Edinburgh; Royal genealogy, to Europe, takes home con 2iS-28 r ; )Iinister of Arbuth· siderable fortune, resigns Indian not, 28 I ; Dr. John, 282 ; his service, explains the :Madras sons, 283 ; the Right Hon. system to Queen Charlotte, 2 ro ~ Charles, his wife, 284; Bishop and to Czar Alexander, intro Arbuthnot, Sir Alexander, Sir duction of his methods, health Charles, Sir Robert, Sir Thomas, fails, 2II ; burnsmany papers, zS6; George, of the Treasury, makes and revokes wills, 212 ; zS; ; ballad of the Scottish transfers bulk of fortune to border, 288. trustees, endows ~Iadras College at St. Andrew's, 213; gift to B sister, 214; death, burial at R1lfour, James: acquisition of Westminster Abbey, epitaph, fortune in )Jadras, returns home, 215 ; his disco\·ery considered, enters Parliament, dies a mil 216 ; progress of the ~Iadras lionaire, 195. College, 217. B.11ls Park, Hertford : inherited Buckingham and Chandos, the by Gowrnor Harrison, left to Duke of: akin to Lady Chat \•iscountess Townshend. 6r ; ham, his exemplary character, bequeathed by her to )!arquis 50; his interest in Hayes, 51. Townshend, purchased by Sir Buonaparte, ~Iadame: mother of E. Faudel-Phillips, 65. Xapoleon, birth, marriage, ll.mks, Thomas: sculptor, statue death, IJ~n. of E\Te Coote at India Office, Burgoyne, Colonel, Sir John: in monument at Westminster command of Dragoons, ;8; 305 X Jo6 I.VDE.\ declines to accept chief com Clive, Edward Lord : Governor mand on the Coast, sympathy of :\Iadras, unveils statue of with his military chief, is Lord Cornwallis, 127 ; Colonel superseded, endeavours to leave "'ellesley's opinion of him, IJ6; ~Iadras, 79 ; intemperate letter, superseded by Governor Gene So ; placed under arrest, 8r ; ral, escapes responsibility, re denounces the Governor, 82 ; ceives the thanks of latter, 143· lenient treatment, death, 83. Cockburn, Thomas: appreciation by Lord l\Iornington, also pre c viously by Lord Cornwallis, Campbell, l\Iajor- General, Sir ISO; appointed Writer, arrives Archibald : Governor of ~la in :\Iadras, appointments, I 81 ; dras, Lord Cornwallis's opinion member of Board of Revenue, of him, death, buried at West question of salaries, I 82 ; re minster Abbey, I I 3· ceives grant from Court of Campbell, Captain Donald : sets Directors, salary raised, I 83 ; out for India via l\Iargate, 24-1- ; persuaded by Government not crosses Europe, 245 ; reaches to retire, proceeds to Bengal, AJeppo, 246; Bagdad, 247; reimbursed for temporary loss the site of Eden, l\Iosul, 248 ; of annuity, returns to England, Bushire to Bombay and Goa, 184; examined by Committee, 249 ; shipwrecked on the l\Iala House of Commons, views about bar Coast, S\\ims ashore, 2 50 ; evangelisation, 186 to 189. taken prisoner, joined by a fel Cogan, Andrew : early career, 4 ; low-passenger, 25I ; marched arrival at l\Iasulipatam, co to Hydernagur, death of his operates v.ith Day, 5 ; aids in companion, 252 ; recovers free the erection of Fort St. George, dom, proceeds to l\ladras and action disapproved by Court of Calcutta, 254; to China and Directors, 6 ; his resentment, England, 255. proceeds to Bantam and Eng· Charlton Church : notable per land, 7 ; exonerated by the sons buried there, 204. Directors, 8 ; involved in poli· Chatham, Countess of: sister of tics, ro; impeached and ban the first l\Iarquis of Bucking ished, ro; losses in Royal ham, 49 ; her taste shown at cause, created a baronet, de Hayes, so ; survives husband scendants, 12. twenty-five years, dies at Commission of Court of Directors Buxton Pynsent, burial in contituting a Go\'emor of Fort Westminster Abbey, 297 app. St. George, 57, 58. Chatham, Earl of: receives an Coote, General Sir Eyre : Com nuity under "ill of grandfather, mander in Chief, war services, Governor Pitt, 49 ; death at 95 ; differences with Lord :\Ia Hayes, so; his advancement in cartney, 96, 97 ; proceeds to life, 296 app. ; haven of rest at Calcutta, returns to l\Iadras, Haves, buried in Westminster lands, dies, 98 ; body conveyed Abbey, 297 app. to England. interred at Rocke· Clement, l\I.P., Gregory : amasses bourne, monument in West wealth in India, buys Cogan's Park, inscription, 99 ; statue in estate from Cromwell, is one of India House, roo; monument the Judges of King Charles I, I o ; in Westminster Abbey, 101. reverse of fortune at the Re Coote, Lady : remains in l\Iadras storation, proscribed as a regi after husband's death, 99 ; cor cide, sentenced, executed, I 1. respondence with Warren Hast- INDEX 307 ings, 103, 104, 105 ; returns to at Admiraltv, dismissed, death, England, I06. explanation-in Parliament, 172; Cordiner, Rev. James : selected his charts and essays, 173· by Dr. Andrew Bell for the Day, Francis: negotiations on the ~laic Orphan Asylum, ~Iadras, Coromandel Coast for site' for birth, education, 21R; ordained s~ttlement, 2 ; obtains a firman deacon at Carlisle embarks for for settlement at :'\Iadrasspatam Bombay, entertained there, 3 ; returns to :'\lasulipatam, 4 ; 2 19 ; proceeds to 1\Iadras, as commences erection of Fort St. sumes charge of the Asylum, George, 5 ; sent to Surat, and experiences at :'\Iadras, 220 ; thence to London, makes ex :'\Iadras society in his day, planations to Court of Directors. 221 ; accepts Chaplaincy at returns to Fort St. George, 6 : Colombo, remains five years in subsequent career unknown, 12. Ceylon, embarks for England, Duels : General Stuart and Lord 222; detention at ~Iadras, 223; :'\Iacartney, 77-7 8 ; :'\Ir. Sadleir obtains preferment, 224. and Lord )lacartney, 84-85 ; Cornwallis, the :\larquis: his )lajor Picton and Colonel Aston, opinion of Sir A. Campbell, I 13; :'\lajor Allen and Colonel Aston, censure of Holland's Govern 258; Lieutenant Sands and ment, I q ; supersedes General Captain Bull, 261. :'\ledows, encampment at Vel lout I I 5 ; concludes treaty E with Tippoo, created a marquis, East India Co., Directors of : file recognition of services of General a bill against A. Co3an, com :'\ledows, 116; his statue in promise arranged, .p ; disap Fort St. George, u6 ; ap pro,·e expenditure at :'\ladras; preciation of him in :'\ladras, patam, receive explanations 12i ; returns to India as Gowr from Day, 6; also from Cogan, nor-General, reception at :'\la exonerate the latter, 8 ; atti dras, 128; his reply to addw;s, tude towards research, 24 ; 1:!fi : death, public regret, ceno treatment of Sir E. \\"inter, 25 ,. taph erected in his honour in disapproval of T. Pitt, appoint ~Iadras, statue at the India him Governor Fort St. George, Office I 30 ; memorial at St. 18; allowances granted, 19; Paul's Cathedral 131 ; letter dismiss him, 34; recei,·e him about his acceptance of the on his return, 45 ; instructions to Garter I 3I 11 ; his titles ex E. Harrison, commission ap tinct I 32 ; his opinion of T. pointing him Go\'Crnor, 57 ; Cockburn r8o. despatch relating thereto, 59. 6o; appreciation of Lord )la D cartney's services, 93; thanks to Dalrymple Alexander: birth. Sir C. Oakelcy, 121 ; liberality education, appointed a writer to Sir E. Staunton, 166; con m :\ladras 168 · cruises in Far siderate treatment of T. Cock East r ;o ; retdrns to England, burn, r8.:!, 183. 184; refus~ compensation made him bv pension to T. Snodgrass, co Court of Directors. appointed erced by him, 198, 199; dis member of Council :'\ladras appro\·al of Government's ac implicated in revolt arrainst tion regarding the \\'ood Court Lord Pi got, recalled 1 i 1 t pen martial, :!)4; reinstate the ~1\\nl'd, appointed H rdro•!ra• · accused, adYise their servants p'wr, first at India Ho~se, (!len to cultiYate harmony. 236. INDEX Eden, Hon. Eleanor: daughter of daughter of Admiral Dundas, first Lord Auckland, William marries Captain T. Graham, Pitt the younger attracted to accompanies him to Bombay, her, 298 app; he decides not 262 ; trip to Ceylon, calls at to propose, she marries Robert Calicut, returns to Bombay, Lord Hobart, her death, 299 263 ; proceeds to l\ladras, first app. impressions, 264 ; conducts Elers, Captain George: acquaint observations, opinion of local ance with J. Balfour, 195 n; society, 265 ; goes to Calcutta, meets Colonel A. Wellesley at returns to Madras, visits the the Cape, 256; arrives with Seven Pagodas, 267 ; parting regiment at Madras, reaches reflections, literary labours, Penang, recalled to 1\Iadras, second marriage, death, 269. marches up country, witnesses a suttee, 257; regimental duels, H 258; misses siege of Seringa Hamilton, Captain Alexander : patam, again meets Colonel reminiscences of travel in East Wellesley, accompanies him to Indies, 237, 238; an imagi Coorg, 259; is his guest at native chaplain, 238 ; the Seringapatam, goes to Trichino Maldives, 239; reaches Madras, poly, 260; visits Calcutta, 261 ; observations there, 240 ; trade, another duel, 261; returns home, churches, schools, 240, 24 I ; 262. Mayor and Aldermen, 242 ; Evangelisation in India: T. is declared to be a pirate, 243· Cockburn thereon, 186-!'90. Harris, Lieutenant : son of Gene ral, arrives in Madras from F Seringapatam with Tippoo's Faudel-Phillips, Sir George: Lord standard, 139; delivers it to Mayor of London, services to Governor-General, I 4 I. Indian Famine Relief Fund, re Harris, General: diverted from ceives Indian decoration, owner intention to retire, I I 3 n ; ac of Balls Park, Hertford, 6J. companies General l\Iedows to Foster, l\Ir. William : his mono Bombay, and thence to Madras, graphs on Indian records, I ; I I 3 ; in command of .Madras papers regarding Andrew Co forces in l\I ysore, I 36 ; his de gan, 9 ; estimate of the services spatches to Lord Mornington, of Francis Day and Cogan, 12. I 38; services acknowledge~. 1 39· Foxcroft, 1\Ir. : appointed Gov Harrison, Edward : Captam of ernor of Fort St. George, 1 5 ; an East Indiaman, appointed placed under confinement on Governor Fort St. George, 54 ; arrival, returns home, 16. his voluminous instructions, 55 ; Fraser, William : denounced by his commission, 57 ; despatch Governor Pitt, 34, 35 ; suc of Directors to President and ceeds to the Governorship of Council, 59 ; he reaches :\ladras, Fort St. George, conciliatory uneventful reign, returns home policy, 15 ; is soon removed, 36. enriched, settles in St. James' Frederick, Thomas: Governor, Square, 6I ; inherits Balls Park. Pitt's aversion to him, 36; becomes joint Postmaster conference with Pitt, 37 ; re General, death, leaves all pro turns home, is knighted, 37. perty to daughter, 62 ; his portrait 6;. G Hastings, Warren: Governor Graham, ~Irs. (Lady Callcott): General of India, attitude to- INDEX wards Lord Macartney, 95, 96, of History and Romance, 52 ; 108, III, 112; letters ad crowning · distinction. where dressed to him by Lady U>ote, found, 53 ; also 300, 301 app. IOI-ro6; his career, 102 n. Hayes Place : Earl and U>untess L of Chatham at, 50; William Langhorne, Sir William : arrives Pitt born, Lord Chatham dies at ~Iadras as a Commissioner, there, 50 ; leased by Edward becomes Governor, IS ; his Wilson, 5I ; interest taken in .attraction to San Thome, 24I ; it by Duke of Buckingham, 5I ; his· career, 24 I n ; buried at how acquired by Lord Chatham, Charlton, 204 ; the state he 296 app ; sold by the second kept at l\ladras, 294 app. Lord Chatham, purchased by Love, R.E., Lieut.-Coloncl H.D. : ~lr. C. J. Hambro, 298 app. description of portraits in Ban Hereditary Honours : l\lr. Dun queting Hall, l\Iadras, I 57 n. das and l\Ir. Pitt on the be stowal of, 90. l\I Hislop, General Sir Thomas : wife's Madras College at St. Andrew's: tribute to his memory, 204. a memorial of Rev. Dr. Andrew Hislop, Lady : widow of a Com Bell, his generous bequest there· mander - in - Chief of l\Iadras, to, 2I3; its progress, 217. daughter of a Governor of Madras described : by Go\'ernor ~ladras, niece of a Governor Pitt, 4I ; by Dr. Bell, 209; by General of India, grand aunt Rev. J. Cordiner, 220, 221 ; by of late Governor General of Captain R. Hamilton, 240-243 ; Canada, 204 n. by l\Irs. Graham, 264, 265, 266; Hobart, Lady: first wife of Robert, by Mr. J. Wathen, 269, 272; Lord Hobart, arrives in ~Iadras, by Dr. Fryer, 293. 294 app. ; birth of a daughter, death, by the European Jlaga~ine, 2)5 buried in Fort Church, 135· app, Hobart, Robert, Lord: Governor l\larine Society: its office, founder, of ~ladras ; loss of first wife in presidents, 191, I92; portrait ~ladras, recalled, pensioned, of Thomas Snodgrass, 192 ; summoned to House of Lords, when he joined the Committee 135; second marriage, death, 201 ; his bequest, 205. 136 ; also 299 app. l\Iedows, ~Iajor-General : ap- Hobart, Vere Henry, Lord: pointed Go\'ernor of Bombay, Go\'ernor of ~ladras, dies there, I I 3 ; prevails upon Colonel buried in Fort Church, i35. Harris to accompany him to Holland, John: Governor of ~la India, 1I 3 n ; transferred to dras, his GO\·ernment censured ~Iadras, 11..;. ; commands ex by Lord Cornwallis, I q. pedition against Tippoo. super Home. James : artist, his por seded by Lord Cornwallis, 115 ; trait of ~Iarquis Wellesley, latter's recognition of his merits, 143 n ; family, IH n ; portrait r 16; resigns, r 17 ; made Knight of Sir Arthur Wellesley. 157 n. of the Bath, portrait, 118 n. l\Iornington. Countess of : daugh J ter of \'iscount Dungannon, Johnson, Dr. Samuel: farewell mother of ~Iarquis Wellesley ktter to George Staunton, 101. and Duke of \\'ellington, 134 ; her opinion of latter, 1 H n. K ~Iornington. Garrett, first Earl of : 1\oh-i-nOl)f : the Great Diamond father of ~Iarquis Wellesley and 3IO INDEX Duke of Wei:ir.gton, 133; his 0 talent for music, I 33 n, I 34 n. Oakeley, Lady: declines to re Macartney, CountEss: daughter ceive presents from Tippoo. of Earl of Bute, marries Sir I I9; accomplishments and George Macartney, 68 ; his character, takes part in sacred letters to her from 1\Iadras, 72, concert in the Fort Church, 73 ; her inscription on his .120; presented with address, tomb, her death, 94· 121. Macartney, Earl: inconspicuous Oakelcy, Sir Charles: birth, aiJ origin, friendship of C. J. Fox, pointed to Civil Service, l\la envoy to Russia, 67 ; enters dras, continuous service of Parliament, marriage, ap twenty-two years, retires, re pointed Chief Secretary Ire turns home, I I 7 ; accepts land, made Knight of the Bath, Governorship of l\ladras, cre appointed Governor of Grenada, ated Baronet, assumes charge raised to Irish peerage, cap of Civil affairs, succeeds General tured by the French, released, l\Iedows, fits out expedition appointed Governor Fort St. against Pondicherry, I I8; re George, 68 ; declines present signs, thanked by Court of offered by Nabob of Carnatic, Directors, settles at Shrewsbury, incident mentioned in Parlia I 2 I ; removes to Lichfield, ment, 69 ; his letter to Lord occupation in retirement, I 22 ; Hillsborough, 71 ; letters to death, buried in Lichfield Cathe wife and banker, 72 ; affidavit dral, 1 2 3 ; epitaph, descendants, before l\Iayor, 73 ; declaration I24. about his fortune, 74; poor Oriental Club, its founders, 200 opinion of General Stuart, re their first proceedings, 20I. moves him from chief com Owen, Colonel: Military Secre mand, 75 ; recommends his tary to Sir Eyre Coote, 406 ; dismissal, 76 ; has him arrested retention of public treasure, and deported, 77 ; duel that I07 ; protest of the Madras to ensued, 77, 78; trouble caused the Bengal authorities, I08 ; by Sir John Burgoyne, 8o ; his continued obstinacy, 109 places him under arrest, is slow indignation and demand of to ·wrath, 8r, 82; gives the lie l\Iadras Government, I IO ; de to 1\Ir. Sadleir, 84 ; duel that cision of the Supreme Govern followed, 85 ; resigns Governor ment, reply thereto, I I I, I I 2. ship, 87 ; offered the Governor Generalship, arrives in London, p received by Court of Directors, Peel, Sir Robert: the statesman, 88 ; interview with, stipulation grandson of 1\Ir. Charles Darke, declined by )lr. Pitt, 89 ; reso of Madras, 260. lutions passed in his honour by Pigot, Lord : Governor of 1\Iadras, Directors, annuity granted, 92 ; kindness to A. Dalrymple, I69, subsequent career, created Irish I 70 ; revolt against him. I 7 r. Earl and English Baron, settles Pitt Diamond : acquired by and dies at Chiswick, 93; epi Thomas Pitt, sent home in taph on his tomb, 94 ; relations charge of Robert Pitt, 21 ; its ~;th Warren Hastings, 95, 96, cutting, 25, 26; expense in· II2 ; Sir Eyre Coote, 96, 97 ; curred, 3I ; sold to the Regent Sir George Staunton, I62 to 167. of France, 46, 47 ; becomes a Napoleon, the Emperor: uses the Crown Jewel, stolen and re· Pitt diamond at Coronation. 52. covered, 5I ; its vicissitudes INDEX 311 52 ; now in Loune, 52 ; place bachelor, buried at \\'estminster of origin, 52, also 300 app. Abbey, 299 app. Pitt, Robert : accompanies his Pope, Alexander : description of father, the Governor, to ~Ia the "Honest Factor," applica dras, 20 ; letters to mother, 21 ; tion to Governor Pitt, 20. returns home in charge of dia mond, 21 ; father's instructions, R 21 ; marriage, 23; father's dis Religious Toleration in India: approval, 25 ; letters to father, advocated by T. Cockburn. 23, 24, 25 ; cutting of the dia 186-189; proclaimed by Queen mond, 25, 26; replies to impu \'ictoria. 190. tations, 28 ; enters Parliament, Roberts, Earl: his appreciation 30 ; sympathises with father's of Duke of Wellington, rso. chagrin, 3I, 32 ; sun·h·es him Ripon, ::\Iarquis of : visits tomb thirteen months, 49· of grandmother, Lady Hobart, Pitt. Thomas: ancestry, uirth, in Fort Church, :\Iadras, 135· and early career, 17 ; a "des perate fellow," appointed Gov s ernor of Fort St. George, r8 ; Seaton, Lieutenant : his hostility reception by Court of Directors, to Go,·ernor Pitt, 37 ; latter's I8, I9; arrives at :\Iadras, 21; animosity against him, 37, 39 ; acquires the "Pitt" diamond, examined by the Council, 39 ; memoranda for his son's gui ordered home, sent as prisoner dance, 2 I ; further instructions, to ship, Captain refuses to re 22. 23; disappointment about ceive him, makes own arrange the " grand concern," 26, 27 ; ments, 40. solitary life as Go,·ernor, 28, Seringapatam, Fall of: salutes 2<) ; ships more diamonds, 29, fired in :\Iadras, 138 ; details 31, 33 ; denounces his family, published, 139; captured stan 30. 31, 42 ; threatens to dis dard received by Governor inherit them, 30 ; his valua General, thanksgiving service tion of the great diamond, 33 ; in Fort Church, 141 ; distribu cautions his son, is recalled, 34 ; tion of prize money, q2 ; hostility to colleagues, 35 ; his Governor. General congrat\.1- opinion of a bride, 36 ; con lated 143· tro\'(:-rsies with Lieutenant Sea Seringapatam Letter Book: ton, ~8, 39, 40 ; departure for Colonel Arthur Wellesley's let Europt'. 40; his description of ters, 145-154. ~ladras, reaches Bergen. 42 ; Snodgrass, Gabriel : ::\Iarine Sur declaration about diamond, 43 ; n-yor to East India Company, arrives in England, received by recommends his son for employ Directors, and King, still miser ment. 193 ; his career, 193 n ; able. 4 5 ; sells diamond to Regent death, buried at Charlton, 204. ot France, objects to charges for Snodgrass, Thomas: portrait at commission, carries it to Calais, office of :\Iarine Society, con .t(l ; incident at Canterbury, nection \\ith ::\Iadras. 192 ; pa purcluses estates, 4i ; death rentage, appointed Writer, pro and. burial, 48 ; bequests and moted to Factor, sent to Gan· de~cenJ.mts, 4<), jam. becomes Resident, 193; P1tt. William -_the young-er): born builds house at Rambha, fa at H.lycs, 5<); purchases Hol mine expenditure disapproved, "'l'oJ. attracted b\· Hon. Elea summoned to ::\Iadras to ex nor Ed.cn, .:(18 "tf'·; dies a plain, 194; returns to Ganjam 312 INDEX as Collector, deficiency of re Staunton, Sir George (the venue, 195 ; recalled to l\Iadras, younger) : succeeds to baro 196; services dispensed with, netcy, accompanies Lord )Jac pension refused by Court of artney to China, enters Parlia Directors. 197 ; starts a cross ment, 167 ; distinguished Ori ing opposite India House, Direc entalist, writes memoir of his tors indignant but impotent, father, 168. 198 ; public sympathy aroused, Stuart, )lajor ·General James : 199; pension granted, revela succeeds to command of Coast tion of his fortune, associated Army, 74 ; held in poor esteem with establishment of Oriental by Lord Macartney, removed Club, 200 ; member of Com from command. 75 ; arrested mittee Marine Society, portrait, and deported, 76; duel with 201 ; death, bequests, 202, 203, Lord :\Iacartney, 77 ; obtains 204 ; buried at Charlton, 204. command of regiment, death, 78. Sadleir, James: member of the :Madras Council, insulted by T Lord Macartney, 84 ; duel that Tippoo, Sultan : invades Travan ensued, 85, 86, 87. core, successes over General Smith, General : member of l\Iili :\Iedows, I I 5 ; concludes peace tary Committee, l\Iadras, ob of Seringapatam, I 16; appre jects to Colonel Wood's applica ciation of Lady Oakeley's kind tion for sick leave, 226 ; also to ness to his sons, I 19 ; fall of having been himself summoned Seringapatam, 138 ; his stan to )ladras, 229 ; gives ·qualified dard conveyed to ~Iadras, I 39 ; evidence against Colonel Wood, Lord l\Iornington's description 2 3r ; Government censured by of him, I4I; a French view of Directors for not consulting him, his career, 301, 302 app. 235· Townshend, Audrey, Viscountess : Stanhope, Earls : descendants of daughter of Governor Harrison, Governor Pitt, 49 ; decease of her marriage, inherits father's sixth Earl, his interest in that property, supposed original of ancestor's portrait, 49 n. characters in fiction, obituary Staunton, Sir George Leonard : .. notice, 62; bequests, 63. deputed to arrest General Townshend, Sixth Marquis : de Stuart, 77 ; birth, graduates as scended from Governor Harri )l.D., goes to Grenada, farewell son, estates, 64 ; compulsory letter from Dr. Johnson, 161 ; sale of heirlooms, including becomes Attorney - General, Governor's portrait, 6;. taken prisoner to France, re lease effected, 162 ; accompa w nies Lord )!acartney to ::\Iadras, Wathen, ~Ir. James: dissent from proceeds to Calcutta, returns to :\Irs. Graham's opinion of :Ma ::\Iadras, 16 3 ; proceeds to Se dras society, 269; his own ringapatam, 164; negotiates treatment there, 270; attends peace with Tippoo, returns to service at Fort Church, obser ::\ladras and England, I65 ; vations of local characteristics, pensioned, created a Baronet, 271 ; leaves with regret, 272. accompanies Lord )lacartney Webbe, Josiah: first Chief Secre to China, returns home, death, tary to Government, ~Iadras, buried in Westminster Abbey, arrival in ~Iadras, rapid promo 167; epitaph, portrait, son, I67 ; tion, 17 4 ; confidence reposed baronetcy extinct, 168. in him by General Harris. first INDEX 3I3 ------meeting with Lord :\Iornington, vancement, I 59 ; admission to apprehension regarding latter's the House of Lords, r6o; grief policy, I75 ; draws up memo for the death of .Mrs. Charles randum, 176officially associated Arbuthnot, his homelessness. with latter, 177 ; sent to :\Iy 284; a treasured miniature, 285. sore and Gwalior, death at Mus Wellesley. the :\Iarquis : succeeds singabad, public regret in :\Ia Marquis Cornwallis as Governor dras, monument erected in Fort General, r 35 ; proceeds to :\Ia Church, 178; epitaph, 179; dr.as. I 36 ; supersedes Lord \\'ellington's opinion of him, 179· Cli,·e; Governor, 137; adver Wellesley, :\Iajor- General Sir tises for workmen, I 37 ; reviews Arthur, : birth, education, garrison at :\Iadras, praises the mother's opinion of him, enters Bodyguard, order about the the Army, rapid promotion, victory at Seringapatam, qo; I 34 ; taste for mu."ie, I 34 n ; attends thanksgi,·ing service at rejoins the 33rd Foot at the Fort Church, qr ; receives Cape, proceeds to Calcutta, congratulatory public address, 13 3 ; pays visit to :\Iadras, farewell Je,·ee, 143 ; farewell meets Robert, Lord Hobart, Proclamation, 144; recognises Governor, 135 ; present at in services of Colonel Close and stallation of Edward, Lord Colonel Agnew, 145; his por Clive, advises Governor-General trait by Home, 143 n ; by to go to :\Iadras, I 36 ; is a p Hickl!y, 144 n. pointed chief administrator \\'ilson, Edward (of :\[elbourne): Mysore, 145 ; letters to Gene former tenant of Hayes, 5I ; ral Braithwaite, Captain :\lunro, his death there, 298 app. qo ; to Colonel Close, Sir \\'inter, Sir Edward: Gove.rnor William Clarke, 147 ; to Colonel of Fort St. George, 14; arbi Montresor, Sir Alured Clarke, trary conduct, treatment of q8 ; to Captain :\Ioncrieff, 149; Foxcroft, is recalled, I 5 ; to :\Ir. Gordon, Captain Bar settles and dies at Battersea, clay. the :\Iilitary Board. Gene inscription on monument, I6. ral Braithwaite, I52; to the \\'inter, Thomas: ~!ember of ~lilitary Board, I53; to the Council at :\Iasulipatam, 5 ; in :\ladras Government, Colonel scription on monument at Ful Beresford, Colonel Saxon, IS-J.; ham, I2; his ancestry, 13. operations against the :\Iahrat Wood, Colonel John : services in tas. 15 5 ; obtams lea\·e to campaign against Hydcr, 2 2 5, Europe. 15 5 ; farewell address, 226, 227; all~gations against his replies, I 55· I 56 157 j por him, recalled to :\Iadras, tried bv trait by Hoppncr, I 57 11 ; em Court-martial. 229 ; acquitted. b.trks for England. a bad sailor, Government disappro,·e the 13S; habit of early rising. 158; finding, action disapprowd by memori.ds of him at Apsh~\' Directors. \\'ood exonerated and 11\lllSt'. 159 ; unprecedented ad- reinstated. 234. By the same Autftor. Price lOs. Gd. THE PRIVATE LIFE OF WARREN HASTINGS FIRST GO\'ERXCJR-GEXERAL OF 1:\DIA \\'ith 3 Photogra\'ure Portraits and 78 Illustrations and Facsimiles. The Timt's.-A very engaging picture of Warren Hastings' personal character and surroundings at different times of his life, gathered from authentic sources, compiled with much skill and patit>nce, and copiously illustrated from contemporary portraits and caricatures, as well as by repre- sentations of localities associated with his life and family .... We heartily congratulate Sir Charles Lawson upon his admirable book .... \\"e must add one word of praise for the illustrlltions liberally interspersed throughout the volume. Some of the best are from the author's own pencil. The Saturday Rt'1'itw.-The secret of the charm of this contribution to national biography lies in the frankly personal nature of its ~on,tents ..•• \\'e btlit'\'C that the personal details and the illustrations of this delightful book will give most people a more vivid iJea of the great drama and its actors than even the periods of )lacaulay. Tht' At h. nrrum.-The author hls done well to set bdore us in the present !urm the accumuilted fruits of his painstaking and intelligent research in fil'IJs hitherto neglected, or but partially explored .••• One great distinctive nll'rit of this book consists in the abundance and apt variety of its illustrations -the portrlits, sketches of scenes and places, facsin1iles and caricatures. 1 he Dt~ily Tt'ltgrath.-This frienJly and painstaking representation of a distinguisht•d Englishman is very charming, and adds another tril.Jute to one "ho served his country faithfully, and whose merits were not ltss acctntuateJ by the hatred of his enemies than by the admiration of his friends. Tht St.ln.i,uJ.-The surroundings of Warren Hastings at Park Lane and l\tybford, Ius btXlks and his rictun:s, his 10\·e of nature, and lus passicn f,)r pcll·try, his interr:.t in science, and his dtlight in gardening, the stattly accmories of his life, and his lavish hospitality are passed in picturesque ~eview. The charm of· the book is heightened by reproductions of many amusing, and a few bitter caricatures by Gillray and others, as well as many portraits of friends and foes, and facsimiles of letters and papers. The Observer.-The result of the author's investigations is greatly to Hastings' advantage, and forms a valuable contribution to literature. The book is well written, is marked by a penetrating judgment of things and men. and should be read by every one wishful of understanding the character of one of the greatest of the founders of our Empire, Black and TVhite.-0£ uncommon interest and charm is this book. To read these carefully weighed and admirably written pages is to be more than ever convinced of the truth of the Prince Regent's description of Warren Hastings, as " one of the most deserving, and, at the same time, one of the worst used men in the Empire." · Birmin~ham Post.-It is a record so bright and readable that it may be safely described as being singularly attractive to all sorts and conditions of men. It is a biography and an autobiography, a stirring story, a memorable record, a charming page of history, a story of travel and adventure, a historic register of an eventful period, and a brilliant picture of some of the most famous men of the later years of the last century. The Englishman (Calcutta).-Few books published this year possess so much interest for the Anglo-Indian world as Sir Charles Lawson's life of the first Governor-General. Upon taking the volume into his hand the reader is at once struck by the extreme beauty and finish of its get-up. As he glances through the pages the illustrations next claim his attention ..•. We have to thank the author for vindicating so thoroughly the reputation of Warren Hastings as a splendid Englishman. The Times of India (Bombay).-The production of the work seems to have been a labour of love on the author's part, and such a tribute to the memory of one of the greatest of his race is to be welcomed and applauded. The Pioneer (Allahabad).-For this book we have only words of un· qualified approbation. The research, the industry, and the disposition of mlterials are beyond all praise .••. Altogether a most delightful book to re1d, to study, and to linger over, and of which the author may well be proud. Literary World (Boston, U.S.).-In the collection and selection of material. in the assimilation and assortment of it, in its arrangement and presentation, in the liberality and skill of illustration, in all those editorial accessories and conveniences which have so much to do with the reader's easy grasp of con tents. and last but not least. in excellence of typography, and docility of binding, this book is a model of its kind. PrBLISHED BY SW.\~ SONNE~SCHEI~ & CO., LTD., 25, HIGH STREET, BLOO~ISBURY, LONDON.