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Life Support Baseline Values and Assumptions Document NASA/TP-2015–218570 Life Support Baseline Values and Assumptions Document Editors: Molly S. Anderson Michael K. Ewert John F. Keener Sandra A. Wagner Responsible National Aeronautics and Space Administration Official: Molly S. Anderson CTSD, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mail Code EC2 2101 NASA Road One Houston, Texas 77058 March 2015 THE NASA STI PROGRAM OFFICE . IN PROFILE Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical conferences, NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA or cosponsored by NASA. maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by or historical information from NASA programs, Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s projects, and mission, often concerned with scientific and technical information. The NASA STI subjects having substantial public interest. Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- space science STI in the world. The Program Office language translations of foreign scientific and is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published Specialized services that complement the STI by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating includes the following report types: custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results . even • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA For more information about the NASA STI Program programs and include extensive data or Office, see the following: theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at information deemed to be of continuing http://www.sti.nasa.gov reference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers but has less • E-mail your question via the internet to stringent limitations on manuscript length and [email protected] extent of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and Desk at (301) 621-0134 technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) working papers, and bibliographies that contain 621-0390 minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Write to: NASA Access Help Desk • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information technical findings by NASA-sponsored 7115 Standard contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/TP-2015–218570 Life Support Baseline Values and Assumptions Document Editors: Molly S. Anderson Michael K. Ewert John F. Keener Sandra A. Wagner Responsible National Aeronautics and Space Administration Official: Molly S. Anderson CTSD, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mail Code EC2 2101 NASA Road One Houston, Texas 77058 March 2015 Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5301 Shawnee Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Alexandria, VA 22312 Available in electronic form at http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/ Change Log Effective Version Description Editors Date June 1999 JSC 39317 A. Drysdale, A. Hanford May 2002 JSC 47804 A. Hanford August NASA CR-2004-208941 A. Hanford 2004 April 2006 NASA CR-2006-213693 A. Hanford October Rev. A Update Reflecting Constellation B. Duffield 2008 Program Requirements Refinement Update Reflecting Constellation B. Duffield February Rev. B Program & LAT2 High 2010 Mobility Scenario Removed restricted Constellation information to Anderson, Ewert, 2015 NASA TP create a publicly releasable Wagner, Keener version ii Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose and Process ......................................................................................................................... 1 Advantages ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 2 2 Approach ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Development .................................................................................................................................... 3 Context ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Life Support Subsystems .................................................................................................................. 3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.4.1 Modeling ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.2 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.4.3 Equivalent system mass............................................................................................................. 8 2.4.3.1 Equivalent system mass example ....................................................................................... 8 2.4.3.2 Equivalent System Mass Description ................................................................................. 8 2.4.4 Units and Values ....................................................................................................................... 8 Mission Duration .............................................................................................................................. 9 Applicable Documents ................................................................................................................... 18 3 Overall Assumptions ............................................................................................................................. 18 Missions ......................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.1 Typical Values for Exploration Missions ................................................................................ 19 3.1.2 Asteroid Missions .................................................................................................................... 22 Infrastructure Costs and Equivalencies .......................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Infrastructure Costs based upon the Exploration Systems Architecture Study ....................... 23 3.2.2 Pressurized Volume or Primary Structure Costs ..................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Radiation Shielding for TransHab ........................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 Secondary Structure Costs ....................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4.1 Lunar Architecture team High Mobility Scenario ............................................................ 29 3.2.5 Power Costs ............................................................................................................................ 32 3.2.6 Thermal Control Costs ............................................................................................................ 38 3.2.7 Crewtime Costs ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.8 Location Factors ...................................................................................................................... 40 Crew Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 Crew Metabolic Rate ............................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1.1 General Metabolic Rates .................................................................................................. 42 3.3.2 Exploration Metabolic Loads .................................................................................................. 44 3.3.3 Crewtime Estimates ................................................................................................................. 46 3.3.4 Nominal Human Interfaces ..................................................................................................... 49 4 Life Support Subsystem Assumptions and Values ...............................................................................
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