DOCSLIB.ORG

AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2014 Agriculture Education and Market Improvement Program (AEMIP) AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2014 Submitted by: AEMIP Winrock International ISAV/F Campus Faranah, Guinea January 31st, 2015 AEMIP is funded by USAID Cooperative Agreement No. AID-675-A-13-00003, as an Associate Award under the Farmer-to-Farmer LWA Cooperative Agreement No.EDH-00-0900003-00. Contact AEMIP Andrew Kovarik, Program Director ISAV/F Campus Faranah, Guinea +224-62-082-0 433 [email protected] Winrock International AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report (October-December 2014) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................iii I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY–QUARTER OVERVIEW ........................................................... 2 II. WORK PLAN PROGRESS –STATUS OF PLANNED ACTIVITIES ................................ 5 A. Status of Planned Activities Year 2 ...................................................................................................................... 5 B. Discussion of planned activities that are delayed, postponed or cancelled, or unplanned activities that took place ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 III. ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................................... 16 A. Activities implemented .......................................................................................................................................... 16 B. Deliverables & Reports Prepared ....................................................................................................................... 22 C. Quarter Outputs .................................................................................................................................................... 23 D. FY 2014 Year-End Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 27 IV. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 29 A. Change of Home Office Management Position ............................................................................................... 29 B. Plan for Continued Project Operations September-December 2014 .............................................................. 29 C. Volunteer Assignments Completed ................................................................................................................... 29 D. International Travel ................................................................................................................................................ 29 E. Key Stakeholder Meetings Held.......................................................................................................................... 29 G. Problems Encountered/Solutions Developed .................................................................................................. 30 H. Program Communications and Public Relations ............................................................................................. 30 I. Requested Adjustments to Approved Work Plan and PMP ........................................................................ 30 V. EMERGING BEST PRACTICES ......................................................................................... 30 VI. SUCCESS STORIES ............................................................................................................ 30 VII. WORK PLAN FOR NEXT QUARTER .............................................................................. 32 A. Activities Planned ................................................................................................................................................... 32 B. Volunteer Assignments Planned ......................................................................................................................... 32 C. Staff and Consultant Technical Assistance Planned ........................................................................................ 33 VIII. APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 33 Winrock International P a g e | ii AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report (October-December 2014) ACRONYMS AEMIP USAID’s Agriculture Education and Market Improvement Program AET Agriculture Education and Training AGRHYMET Center for Agriculture Research on Climate Change and Water/Natural Resource Management AQRM African Quality Rating Mechanism CDC Center for Disease Control CILSS Permanent Interstates Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel DPD AEMIP Deputy Program Director ENAE École Nationale de l’Agriculture et Elevage ENATEF École Nationale des Agents Téchniques des Eaux et Forêts EVD Ebola Virus Disease F2F USAID’s Farmer to Farmer for Agriculture Education and Training F2FCD F2F Country Director GAIN Guinean Agriculture Institutions Network GOG Government of Guinea HQ Winrock Headquarters ICT Information and Communications Technology ISAV/F Institut Supérieur Agronomique et Vétérinaire de Faranah LOE Level of Effort LTTA Long-Term Technical Assistance M&E Monitoring and Evaluation ODI Organizational Development Index PD AEMIP Program Director PMP Performance Monitoring Plan PPP Public-Private Partnership PU Purdue University PUPS PU Program Staff RS Winrock Recruitment and Mobilization Specialist SSA Sub Saharan Africa SOW Statement of Work STTA Short-Term Technical Assistance TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference TOT Training of Trainers UMES University of Maryland-Eastern Shore USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USG United States Government VTA Volunteer Technical Assistance WHO World Health Organization WI Winrock International Winrock International P a g e | iii AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report (October-December 2014) I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY –QUARTER OVERVIEW This report is a synthesis of the major activities planned and implemented, and the results achieved during the period from October 1st through December 31st, 2014. The major focus of project implementation for this reporting period included: (1) Completion of public outreach information for the Baseline Study for the AEMIP Global Climate Change (GCC) Integration Pilot (Foundational Activity) The Agriculture Education and Market Improvement Program (AEMIP) submitted the full Baseline Study to USAID in April, and began developing an annotated version to be shared with agriculture education and training (AET) stakeholders in the previous quarter. French and English Publication versions of the annotated report were completed during the quarter after reception of comments from USAID and ISAV/F. AEMIP has shared copies with the ISAV/F Direction. (2) Installation of the agro-meteorological research stations (Activity 1) During a short term consultancy conducted by two trainers form the University of Nzerekore’s Meteorological Department, the installation of the agro-meteorological research station was completed. The installation included measurement equipment, fencing and plot signboards. The trainers provided ISAV/F faculty and students a hands on training in installation, maintenance, data collection and agro- meteorology. The station will allow ISAV/F to conduct research trials on the influence of meteorological and climactic conditions on the production of various crops thus expanding the institutions role in developing Climate Smart Agriculture Strategies. (3) Editing of French-English Glossary of Agriculture and Climate Change Terminology (Activity 1) The French-English Glossary of Agriculture and Climate Change Terminology, based on a Purdue glossary from the 1980s, was revised over the quarter with additional terms added for biotechnology and precision agriculture. Based upon comments and discussion with ISAV/F and Purdue, a final revision will be undertaken in the upcoming quarter to create near 100% parallelism between the two versions and to add forwards in English and French. (4) Installation of Distance Learning Conference Center at ISAV/F Library (Activity 2) Due to the need to continue technical assistance assignments in the face of Ebola related travel restrictions, AEMIP installed a high speed internet connection in ISAV/F library. SOWs for three technical assistance assignments were adapted for this distance learning approach using platforms such as Webex. ISAV/F also requested the use of the conference center to host six masters’ thesis defenses for both Guinean and foreign students thus improve outreach and partnership with external partners. Winrock International P a g e | 2 AEMIP Quarterly Progress Report (October-December 2014) (5) Training of Trainers on Extension Methods (Activity 2) In early December, Dr. Jerry Peters and Dr. James Woolf presented a training of trainers through distance learning covering various extension techniques including: experiential student learning involving practical, hands-on problem-solving techniques; using extension participatory skills in working with adult learners and community leaders to conduct needs assessments with a logic model; and, preparing ISAV/F graduates with leadership skills that will help them become competitive in a global workforce. (6) Gender and Climate Change (Activity 3) In mid-December Mrs. Andrea Burniske provided a training of trainers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MCSP Guinea Restoration of Health Services, March 2017
    MCSP Guinea Restoration of Health Services, March 2017 MCSP/Rachel Waxman Guinea–Selected Demographic and Health Indicators Indicator Data Indicator Data Indicator Data TFR (births per Population (1) 10,628,972 5.1 Pneumonia (2) 38% woman) (2) CPR (modern 36.5% / Live births/year (3) 368,558 5% ORS / Zinc (2) methods) (2) 0.5% Ebola infections MMR (per 100,000 724 ANC +4 (2) 56.6% during recent 3,804 live births) (2) epidemic (4) Ebola death rate NMR (per 1,000 live (percentage of 34 SBA (2) 45.3% 66% births) (2) infections ending in death)(4) U5MR (per 1,000 live 94 DTP3 (3) 51% births) (2) Sources: (1) 2014 National Census; (2) DHS 2012; (3) WHO UNICEF 2015 coverage estimate; (4) WHO Ebola Situation Report, December 2015. Strategic Objectives: Restoration of Health Services Program At least 80% of MCSP-supported hospitals and health centers (n=221) meet minimum IPC standards. 34 facilities supported to reinvigorate and maintain the SBM-R process, with at least 80% achieving and/or maintaining recognition of performance. 75% of target facilities in the 20 focus prefectures have increased capacity to offer RMNCH services (of 26 hospitals and 195 health centers). 96 health posts supported to improve IMNCI and contribute to the care of sick children in the catchment areas of 30 health centers (revised target). 700 community health workers (ASC) are supported to reinvigorate community health and mobilization to provide health information, accompaniment of pregnant women, and FP services, as well as key lifesaving interventions; and to increase community ownership and capacity to explore, plan, and act together for improved RMNCH outcomes in communities surrounding 20 MCSP-supported health centers.
    [Show full text]
  • West Africa – Ebola Outbreak Fact Sheet #23, Fiscal Year (Fy) 2015 March 4, 2015
    WEST AFRICA – EBOLA OUTBREAK FACT SHEET #23, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2015 MARCH 4, 2015 NUMBERS AT HIGHLIGHTS USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE A GLANCE TO EVD OUTBREAK RESPONSE WHO reports 132 new confirmed cases of TO DATE IN FY 2014 & FY 2015 EVD in Guinea and Sierra Leone in the 23,934 week ending on March 1. USAID/OFDA1 $463,846,949 No new EVD cases confirmed in Liberia USAID/FFP2 $57,479,546 Number of Suspected, in nearly two weeks. Probable, and Confirmed USAID/GH3 $20,076,000 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Response actors remain concerned Cases in Acutely Affected regarding ongoing EVD transmission USAID/Liberia $16,100,000 Countries* chains in Guinea’s Forécariah Prefecture, USAID/Guinea $3,482,000 UN World Health Organization where 23 EVD cases since February 28— (WHO) – DoD4 $353,958,000 March 4, 2015 more than 70 percent of the 32 confirmed cases in the same time period CDC5 $131,455,1156 countrywide—have occurred. 9,792 $1,046,397,610 Number of EVD-Related USG ASSISTANCE TO THE WEST AFRICA 7 Deaths* EVD OUTBREAK RESPONSE WHO – March 4, 2015 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 11,466 As of March 3, the Government of Liberia (GoL) Incident Management System (IMS) had Number of EVD Cases in not reported a confirmed case of EVD in 12 days, with the most recent case documented in Sierra Leone* Montserrado County on February 19. On February 27, the IMS announced that Liberia had WHO – March 4, 2015 entered Phase 3 of the EVD response, which will focus on restoring non-EVD health services and improving triage and referral processes to enable medical staff to safely identify and isolate suspect EVD cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Elements De La Carte Sanitaire Des Etablissements De Soins Du Secteur Public
    REPUBLIQUE DE GUINEE ----------------- Travail - Justice - Solidarité MINISTERE DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE ELEMENTS DE LA CARTE SANITAIRE DES ETABLISSEMENTS DE SOINS DU SECTEUR PUBLIC JANVIER 2012 TABLE DES MATIERES CHAPITRE I : SITUATION ACTUELLE DES ETABL ISSEMENTS DE SOINS ............................................. 4 I - TYPOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 II - NIVEAU PRIMAIRE ............................................................................................................................................ 4 III - NIVEAU SECONDAIRE ..................................................................................................................................... 7 IV - NIVEAU TERTIAIRE ........................................................................................................................................ 10 V - POINTS FAIBLES .............................................................................................................................................. 12 VI - POINTS FORTS ................................................................................................................................................ 13 VII - CONTRAINTES ............................................................................................................................................... 13 VIII - OPPORTUNITES ET MENACES ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guinea Nutrition Assessment
    Guinea Nutrition Assessment November 2015 ABOUT SPRING The Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project is a five-year USAID-funded cooperative agreement to strengthen global and country efforts to scale up high-impact nutrition practices and policies and improve maternal and child nutrition outcomes. The project is managed by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., with partners Helen Keller International, The Manoff Group, Save the Children, and the International Food Policy Research Institute. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SPRING’s assessment team included Peggy Koniz-Booher, SPRING senior nutrition/SBCC advisor; Sarah Hogan, SPRING project coordinator; Susan van Keulen-Cantella, international agriculture consultant; Abdoul Khalighi Diallo, Guinean agriculture and food security consultant; Mohamed Lamine Fofana, Guinean nutrition advisor (Helen Keller International [HKI]); and Ibrahim Yansane, chief of the extension services, Guinean Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). While conducting field visits, SPRING partnered with field staff from two local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Kissisdougou (APARFE) and in Faranah (Tostan), with special thanks to Keloua Ouendouno and Michel Tolno from APARFE, and Ansoumane Diawara and Ibrahima Toure from Tostan. HKI, SPRING’s global partner with offices in Guinea, was key in providing logistical and context support throughout the assessment. Several SPRING headquarters staff were also key contributors to the assessment, specifically Heather Danton, Sascha Lamstein,
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologically Sensitive Sites in Africa. Volume 1
    Ecologically Sites in Africa Volume I: Occidental and Central Africa Benin Cameroon Central African Republic Congo Cdte d'lvoire Eq uatorlil^lllpvea aSon Guinea Complled'by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre For TK^^o^d Bdnk Ecologically Sensitive Sites in Africa Volume I: Occidental and Central Africa WORLD CONSERVATION! MONITORING CENTRE 2 4 MAY 1995 Compiled by PROTECTED AREAS | World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge, UK for The World Bank Washington DC, USA The World Bank 1993 Published by The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. Prepared by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, UK. WCMC is a joint venture between the three partners who developed The World Conservation Strategy and its successor Caring for the Earth: lUCN-World Conservation Union, UNEP-United Nations Environment Programme, and WWF- World Wide Fund for Nature. Its mission is to provide an information, research and assessment service on the status, security and management of the Earth's biological diversity as the basis for its conservation and sustainable use. Copyright: 1993 The World Bank Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: World Bank (1993). Ecologically Sensitive Sites in Africa. Volume I: Occidental and Central Africa. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre for The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. Printed by: The Burlington Press, Cambridge, UK. Cover illustration: Nairobi City Skyline with Kongoni and Grant's Gazelles, RIM Campbell.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Overview
    1 Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Overview Contents This Weekly Bulletin focuses on selected acute public health emergencies occurring in the WHO African Region. The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 60 events in the region. This week’s edition covers key new and ongoing events, including: 2 Overview Lassa fever in Guinea 3 New events Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Measles in Madagascar 4 - 6 Ongoing events Humanitarian crisis in Central African Republic. 7 Summary of major For each of these events, a brief description, followed by public health issues, challenges measures implemented and an interpretation of the situation is provided. and proposed actions A table is provided at the end of the bulletin with information on all new 8 All events currently and ongoing public health events currently being monitored in the region, being monitored as well as recent events that have largely been controlled and thus closed. Major issues and challenges include: The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to evolve in a particularly complex and challenging environment, characterized by a volatile security context and some incidents of community mistrust leading to localized violence. Katwa remains the main hot spot of the outbreak, while relatively high transmission is seen in Butembo, Oicha and Beni. Ongoing risk assessments to help direct the response and continued implementation of both proven and innovative public health measures will bring the outbreak to an end. The measles outbreak in Madagascar remains serious as detailed outbreak investigations established high morbidity and mortality in several health districts.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizens' Involvement in Health Governance
    CITIZENS’ INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH GOVERNANCE (CIHG) Endline Data Collection Final Report September 2020 This report was prepared with funds provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement AID-675-LA-17-00001. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................... 5 Overview ...................................................................................................... 5 Background................................................................................................... 5 II. Methodology ............................................................................................ 6 Approach ...................................................................................................... 6 Data Collection ............................................................................................. 7 Analysis ....................................................................................................... 10 Limitations .................................................................................................. 10 Safety and Security ..................................................................................... 11 III. Findings ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Livelihood Zone Descriptions: Guinea
    REVISION OF THE LIVELIHOODS ZONE MAP AND DESCRIPTIONS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA A REPORT OF THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWROK (FEWS NET) November 2016 This report is based on the original livelihoods zoning report of 2013 and was produced by Julius Holt, Food Economy Group, consultant to FEWS NET GUINEA Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions November 2016 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Changes to the Livelihood Zones Map ...................................................................................................................... 5 The National Context ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Livelihood Zone Descriptions .................................................................................................................................. 10 ZONE GN01 LITTORAL: RICE, FISHING, PALM OIL .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 S.NO Sub-Prefecture Non 00 10 17 18 Alassoya Albadaria
    S.No Sub-prefecture 1 Alassoya 2 Albadaria 3 Arfamoussaya 4 Babila 5 Badi 6 Baguinet 7 Balaki 8 Balandougou 9 Balandougouba, Kankan 10 Balandougouba, Siguiri 11 Balato 12 Balaya 13 Balizia 14 Banama 15 Banankoro 16 Banfélé 17 Bangouyah 18 Banguingny 19 Banian 20 Banié 21 Banko 22 Bankon 23 Banora 24 Bantignel 25 Bardou 26 Baro 27 Bate-Nafadji 28 Beindou, Faranah 29 Beindou, Kissidougou 30 Benty 31 Beyla-Centre 32 Bheeta 33 Bignamou 34 Binikala 35 Bintimodiya 36 Bissikrima 37 Bodié 38 Boffa-Centre 39 Bofossou 40 Boké-Centre 41 Bolodou 42 Boola 43 Bossou 44 Boula 45 Bouliwel 46 Bounouma www.downloadexcelfiles.com 47 Bourouwal 48 Bourouwal-Tappé 49 Bowé 50 Cisséla 51 Colia 52 Coyah-Centre 53 Dabiss 54 Dabola-Centre 55 Dalaba-Centre 56 Dalein 57 Damankanyah 58 Damaro 59 Daralabe 60 Daramagnaky 61 Daro 62 Dialakoro, Faranah 63 Dialakoro, Kankan 64 Diara-Guerela 65 Diari 66 Diassodou 67 Diatiféré 68 Diécké 69 Dinguiraye-Centre 70 Dionfo 71 Diountou 72 Ditinn 73 Dixinn 74 Dogomet 75 Doko 76 Donghol-Sigon 77 Dongol-Touma 78 Douako 79 Dougountouny 80 Dounet 81 Douprou 82 Doura 83 Dubréka-Centre 84 Fafaya 85 Falessade 86 Fangamadou 87 Faralako 88 Faranah-Centre 89 Farmoriah 90 Fassankoni 91 Fatako 92 Fello-Koundoua 93 Fermessadou-Pombo www.downloadexcelfiles.com 94 Firawa 95 Forécariah-Centre 96 Fouala 97 Fougou 98 Foulamory 99 Foumbadou 100 Franwalia 101 Fria-Centre 102 Friguiagbé 103 Gadha-Woundou 104 Gagnakali 105 Gama 106 Gaoual-Centre 107 Garambé 108 Gayah 109 Gbakedou 110 Gbangbadou 111 Gbessoba 112 Gbérédou-Baranama 113 Gnaléah 114 Gongore
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Maps of Lassa Fever in West Africa
    Risk Maps of Lassa Fever in West Africa Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet1*, David John Rogers2 1 Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2 Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Lassa fever is caused by a viral haemorrhagic arenavirus that affects two to three million people in West Africa, causing a mortality of between 5,000 and 10,000 each year. The natural reservoir of Lassa virus is the multi-mammate rat Mastomys natalensis, which lives in houses and surrounding fields. With the aim of gaining more information to control this disease, we here carry out a spatial analysis of Lassa fever data from human cases and infected rodent hosts covering the period 1965–2007. Information on contemporary environmental conditions (temperature, rainfall, vegetation) was derived from NASA Terra MODIS satellite sensor data and other sources and for elevation from the GTOPO30 surface for the region from Senegal to the Congo. All multi-temporal data were analysed using temporal Fourier techniques to generate images of means, amplitudes and phases which were used as the predictor variables in the models. In addition, meteorological rainfall data collected between 1951 and 1989 were used to generate a synoptic rainfall surface for the same region. Methodology/Principal Findings: Three different analyses (models) are presented, one superimposing Lassa fever outbreaks on the mean rainfall surface (Model 1) and the other two using non-linear discriminant analytical techniques. Model 2 selected variables in a step-wise inclusive fashion, and Model 3 used an information-theoretic approach in which many different random combinations of 10 variables were fitted to the Lassa fever data.
    [Show full text]
  • GUINEA Ebola Situation Report
    GUINEA *All Ebola statistics in this report are drawn from the Ministry of Health and SocialEbola Welfare (MoHSW) Ebola SitRep #165, which reports cumulativeSituation cases as of 27 October Report 2014 (from 23 May to 27 October 2014). 31 December 2014 Unicef Social Mobilizer door to door campaign against Ebola in Kindia HIGHLIGHTS SITUATION IN NUMBERS The number of confirmed cases grew by 4 percent, from As of 28 December 2014* 2,309 in the week 50 to 2,379 in the week 51, the worst week since the start of the EVD outbreak in Guinea 2,706 The number of health staff infected by EVD grew by 5 percent, from 148 in week 50 to 156 in week 51, which Cases of Ebola highlights the importance of investing in building the (2,397 confirmed) capacity of health workers. UNICEF has deployed Rapid Response teams to the regions 1,708 of N'zerekoré, Kankan, Faranah, Mamou, Kindia and Labé to Deaths (1,433 confirmed Ebola) scale social mobilization and community engagement. UNICEF has completed four of ten Community Transit 541 Centres. Kouremale staff are being trained and the CTCom is expected to start offering services the first week of January Children and youth 0-20 infected 2015. 1399 Community Watch Committees are operational out of 4,105,926 2,950 planned. Children living in affected areas The Government of Guinea launched a four day planning workshop to garner efforts to start the “Stop Ebola in 60 156 days” Campaign. The campaign activities will roll out in January and February 2015 with the ambitious goal of Cases and 87 deaths among eradicating Ebola.
    [Show full text]
  • Guinea's Forgotten Internal Displacement Crisis
    17 February 2005 Guinea’s forgotten internal displacement crisis www.idpproject.org Guinea’s forgotten internal displacement crisis 17 February 2005 Table of contents Map of Guinea .............................................................................................................3 Executive summary.....................................................................................................4 Key recommendations .................................................................................................6 Background ..................................................................................................................8 Causes and patterns of displacement ...........................................................................9 Security situation.......................................................................................................10 Uncertainty over how many persons remain displaced .............................................10 Subsistence needs ......................................................................................................11 Land access................................................................................................................13 Overburdened host communities ...............................................................................13 Guinean returnees’ hardship ......................................................................................14 Assistance needed to ease tension-spots....................................................................15
    [Show full text]