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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send U M I a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these w ill be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact U M I directly to order. University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800.521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9230481 Dimensionality in Dogen’s conception of enlightenment Fujikawa, Robin Hisashi, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1992 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DIMENSIONALITY IN DOGEN'S CONCEPTION OP ENLIGHTENMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHILOSOPHY MAY 1992 By Robin H. Fujikawa Dissertation Committee: Roger Ames, Chairman Eliot Deutch Graham Parkes Steve Odin David Chappell Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and qual­ ity as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of- Philosophy in Philosophy. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Chairman to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to the following persons and organizations for their invaluable assistance, inspira­ tion, and guidance. Weaknesses and errors contained in this dissertation result from my failure to adequately t heed their advice and examples. They are: Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Fujikawa, Orika Maeda, Linda Enga Fujikawa, Gen Fujikawa, Sho Fujikawa, Owayan, Naomi Sakata, Cory Sakata, Yusaku Tsumaki, Katsumi Tsumaki, Peter Fujikawa, Ei Muramoto, Hatsue Kawamoto, Bando Shojun, Kaginushi Ryokei, Morinaga Soko Roshi, Aitken Roshi, Masao Abe, Eliot Deutch, Graham Parkes, Steve Odin, David Chappell, Mike Molloy, Rick Swingle, Thomas Kasulis, Matsuura Shin, Nakata-sensei, Rene Kojima- Itagaki, Sheldon Hershinow, Lorna Hershinow, Jim Shimabukuro, Caroline Nakamura, Bruce Berg, Bob Franco, Faith Mitsunaga, Bryan Sekiguchi, The Japan Ministry of Education, Otani University, The University of Hawaii Japan Studies Endowment— funded by a grant from the Japanese Government, The University of Hawaii, Joyce Tsunoda, John Morton, Leon Richards, and especially Roger Ames, my teacher. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract Dogen's apparent play with language in the Shobogenzo constructs philosophically significant models of linguistic expression and enlightenment. Challenging the conception of enlightenment as exclu­ sively Unitarian and ineffable, he drives the express- l ive potentials of koan language to reveal three dis­ tinct dimensions of enlightenment, each with its own originative experience, language, and operations. By identifying the three-dimensional model of enlighten­ ment that the koan model of linguistic expression is used to present in the Shobogenzo, this dissertation explains DSgen's treatment of the relation between enlightenment and language as inseparable processes of mutual development. The intrinsically expressive nature of enlighten­ ment notwithstanding, the differentiation of enlighten­ ment into dimensions is not the result of categoriza­ tion of expressive forms or dialectical interaction of logical categories. By following the course of the realization of each dimension from its unique origina­ tive experience through its "total exertion" (gttjin) in praxis to its expression, actualization, and "falling away" (datsuraku), this dissertation attempts to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V identify dimensions as discrete domains of enlighten­ ment that display definite and describable features, relations, careers, operations, and soteriological pos­ sibilities. The first dimension is the domain of the unitary dharma that arises and disports in relations of depend­ ent co-origination. The second dimension is the domain of consummate (buddha) dharmas as multiple units of experience that are temporally and causally disengaged (zengo saidan) from each other but still enjoy a mutually dependent relation to a Hua-yen type of totality. The third dimension is the domain of the trace- lessness that results from datsuraku, "falling away." This is the only dimension in which compassion for another being and upaya can arise. These domains of enlightenment determine rather than merely describe the various ways that praxis- clarified experience is expressed. Because these domains are not simply discontinuous and optional modes of experience, but are interpenetrating structures of experience that are investigated in praxis as an orderly continuum called the "way of impermanence" (mujo no dori), they are dimensions of enlightenment. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................ iii ABSTRACT ...................................... iv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................ 1 Descriptions of Enlightenment . 4 Dogen and the Language of Enlightenment . 23 Quarrying the ShobogenzS ............. 26 Methodology ..................... 43 CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND OF A QUEST ....*. 54 CHAPTER 3- THE SHOBOGENZO KOAN ................ 108 Dogen's Approach to the Problem of the Conceptual Expression of Enlightenment ................ 109 Conceptions of the Koan and Enlightenment .... 124 The Shobogenzo Koan ................... 147 Implications ......................... 172 CHAPTER 4- ENGI: THE FIRST DIMENSION OF ENLIGHTENMENT ................... 178 The Originative Experience in Praxis . 191 Affective Concepts ................... 214 Internal Dynamics ................... 229 Interdimensional Dynamics ............. 247 Assessment of Explanatory Capabilities . 250 CHAPTER 5- JUHO-I: THE SECOND DIMENSION (5F*ENLIGHTENMENT................... 255 The Originative Experience and its Affective Consequences in P r a x i s ..........................262 Internal Dynamics ................... 264 Interdimensional Dynamics .... 284 Assessment of Explanatory Capabilities . 289 CHAPTER 6. CHODCJ: THE THIRD DIMENSION OF ENLIGHTENMENT .... 296 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Vll The Originative Experience in Praxis and Its Affective Concepts ............. 303 Internal Dynamics ................... 307 Interdimensional Dynamics .... 318 Assessment of Explanatory Capabilities . 320 CHAPTER 7. THE DIMENSIONALITY THESIS .... 322 Evidence from "GenjtfkSan" ............. 329 The Framework of the Dimensionality Thesis . 344 Languages That Develop Within Enlightenment .... 348 ft CHAPTER 8. MUJO NO DORI: THE WAY 0? IMPERMANENCE . 362 Presentation, Reading, and Explanation ................... 365 Interdimensional Mechanics and Impermanence ................... 367 Conclusion................................ 379 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................... 387 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 1 Introduction The primary goals of this dissertation are: 1) To justify a claim that one of Dogen's major philosophical projects, the linguistic expression of enlightenment, must be understood in terms of the dimensionality thesis: the thesis that enlightenment is not a monolithic state or experience but rather con­ sists of conceptually and experientially distinct domains of meaning that are based on originative expe­ riences. I argue that one must distinguish between at least three such dimensions of enlightenment. 2) To use the dimensionality thesis as an explanatory model for such notions as impermanence, particularity, praxis, soteriology, and personal identity in a manner consistent with Dogen's insistence upon:
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