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Two Stage Assembly Flowshop TIPOLOGI ‘LIVABLE AREA’ DI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN, JAWA BARAT Bintang Aulianissa [email protected] Rini Rachmawati [email protected] Intisari Kelayakan dan kenyamanan huni merupakan suatu konsep perencanaan yang harus dijadikan tujuan utama pemerintah maupun developer untuk merencanakan atau membangun suatu wilayah. Penelitian berada di Kabupaten Kuningan, terletak diantara Kabupaten Cirebon dan Kabupaten Majalengka. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Mendeskripsikan karakteristik livable area di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, 2) Menyusun tipologi livable area di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Data utama dalam penelitian ini adalah data Potensi Desa (PODES) Kabupaten Kuningan tahun 2014, kecamatan dalam angka 2014 Kabupaten Kuningan, dan peta RBI. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis matematis dengan menggunakan Microsoft excel dengan rumus perhitungan Inferensial Konfidensi Rata-rata untuk mengetahui tingkatan dari masing-masing kecamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 5 karakteristik livable area dan 9 tipologi livable area di Kabupaten Kuningan. Kelima karakteristik tersebut adalah ; 1) Tingkat Keamanan dari Kriminalitas, 2) Sosial Budaya dan Masyarakat, 3) Kenyamanan Bermukim, 4) Ketersediaan Fasilitas Ekonomi, Pendidikan, Kesehatan, dan Akomodasi serta Komunikasi, dan 5) Tingkat Keamanan dari Bencana Alam. Sedangkan kesembilan tipologi tersebut adalah : a) Cenderung Tinggi, b) Cenderung Sedang, c) Sedang, d) Rendah Tingkat I, e) Rendah Tingkat II, f) Tinggi Tingkat I, g) Tinggi Tingkat II, h) Sedang Tingkat I, dan i) Sedang Tingkat II. Kata Kunci: Livable Area, Livable City, Perencanaan Wilayah, Tipologi, Karakteristik. Abstract Feasibility and comfort of habitation is a planning concept that should be the main goal of government and developers to build or build a region. The research is located in Kuningan Regency, located in Cirebon and Majalengka Regencies. The purpose of this research are: 1) Describe the residential area in Kuningan regency, West Java, 2) Prepare the typology of the area that can be occupied in Kuningan regency, West Java. The main data in this research is data of Village Potency (PODES) of Kuningan Regency in 2014, sub district in number 2014 Regency Kuningan, and RBI map. Data analysis technique using mathematical analysis by using Microsoft excel with calculation formula of Inferential of Confidence Average to know the level of each sub-district. The results showed that there are 5 types of inhabitable areas and 9 typology of habitable areas in Kuningan Regency. These five features are; 1) Security Levels of Crime, 2) Socio-Culture and Society, 3) Leisure Living, 4) Social Facilities, Education, Health, and Ease and Communication, and 5) Security Levels from Natural Disasters. While the nine typologies are: a) tend to be high, b) tend to be moderate, c) moderate, d) low level I, e) Low Level II, f) High Level I, g) High Level II, h) Moderate Level I, And i) Medium Level II. Key Words: Livable Area, Livable City, Regional Planning, Typology, Characteristic. Tipologi ‘Livable Area’ di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat PENDAHULUAN menghubungkan Kota Cirebon dengan Latar Belakang Wilayah Priangan Timur, dan sebagian Pergeseran kehidupan masyarakat jalur alternative menghubungkan pada dasarnya berpengaruh terhadap laju Bandung – Majalengka dengan Jawa permintaan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh Tengah. Memiliki luas wilayah mencapai adanya peningkatan standar dan kualitas 1.195,71 km2, dengan 32 kecamatan dan hidup seseorang, baik di perdesaan memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak maupun perkotaan. Terdesaknya kawasan 1.164.466 (Podes, 2014). perdesaan menjadi perkotaan menjadi Ketersediaan ruang yang cukup, salah satu alternatif untuk tetap mampu lingkungan yang mendukung dan memasok permintaan berbagai macam aksesibilitas yang cukup baik menjadikan aktivitas, baik hunian hingga aktivitas Kabupaten Kuningan cukup potensial sosial dan ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, untuk dikembangkan. Namun, guna dibutuhkannya konsistensi dan mengurangi kerugian pembangunan yang perencanaan yang komprehensif guna disebabkan perencanaan yang tidak memberikan kelayakan huni dan memperhatikan kelayakan dan kenyamanan bagi masyarakat yang kenyamanan huni, maka konsep livable tinggal didalamnya. area dapat diaplikasikan. Livable Area Konsep baru di dunia perencanaan menggambarkan sebuah lingkungan dan tentang Livable City saat ini sedang suasana suatu area (kecamatan) yang banyak diimplementasikan di kota-kota nyaman sebagai tempat untuk besar, khususnya di Indonesia. Sebuah beraktivitas yang dilihat dari aspek fisik gagasan pembangunan dalam dan aspek non-fisik. meningkatkan kualitas hidup dimana Rumusan Masalah keterkaitan kondisi fisik dan non fisik 1. Seperti apa karakteristik livable diperlukan dalam implementasinya area di Kabupaten Kuningan, (Evans, 2002). Sudah seharusnya wilayah Jawa Barat ? dengan hirarki terkecilpun mengadaptasi 2. Seperti apa tipologi livable area dan menerapkan konsep tersebut. di masing-masing wilayah di Kabupaten Kuningan terletak di Kabupaten Kuningan? ujung timur Provinsi Jawa Barat. Berada Tujuan Penelitian pada lintasan jalan regional yang 2 1. Mendeskripsikan karakteristik livable sarana & prasarana kesehatan, area di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa ketersediaan angkutan umum, sarana & Barat. prasarana komunikasi, sinyal 2. Menyusun tipologi livable area di telekomunikasi, sarana ekonomi, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. ketersediaan koperasi, jenis bencana alam Pada dasanya kelayakan dan dan mitigasi bencana. kenyamanan disesuaikan dengan Variabel tersebut dianalisis dan karakteristik wilayahnya. Kenyamanan dikerucutkan sehingga didapatkan pun dapat beragam, seperti; tingkat pengelompokkan berdasarkan kenyamanan berdasarkan fasilitas yang kesesuaiannya. Hasil pengelompokkan menunjang, keamanan, dan lain tersebut didapatkan karakteristik livable sebagainya. Namun mengingat luasnya area untuk diimplementasikan di daerah aspek kenyamanan, maka perlu dilakukan kajian. pengerucutan indikator kenyamanan dari Kemudian dari hasil karakteristik hasil analisis pengertian livable area tersebut, dapat ditemukan tipologi/pola yang sudah disusun. Konsep area digagas livable area tiap wilayah, sehingga dapat sebab output dalam penelitian ini adalah dikelompokkan berdasarkan tingkat tingkat kenyamanan di masing-masing kenyamanannya. kecamatan (area) yang scope-nya lebih kecil daripada kota. Untuk menganalisis livable area, digunakan variabel dari data PODES Kabupaten Kuningan 2014. Variabel yang diambil terdiri dari ; Perkelahian massal, tindak kejahatan, upaya menjaga keamanan, tempat peribadatan, kegiatan gotong royong, program pemberdayaan masyarakat, penggunaan listrik keluarga, ketersediaan TPS sementara, sumber air minum dan mandi, ruang terbuka publik, prasarana olahraga, lembaga pendidikan, METODE PENELITIAN penskoringan dilakukan tiap Metode yang digunakan yaitu komponen dan data di normalisasikan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian guna memiliki satuan yang sama. menekankan analisisnya pada data- Hasil penghitungan dihirarkikan data numerik (angka) yang diolah menjadi 3 tingkatan (Tinggi, Sedang, dengan metode statistik-matematis. Rendah) guna memudahkan Penelitian ini hanya sebatas analisis mengakumulasikan nilai tiap-tiap deskriptif, dimana hanya menganalisis karakteristik. Berikut rumus dan menyajikan fakta secara penghitungannya; sistematik. a. Kelas Tinggi (I) Penelitian menggunakan data Variabel yang masuk dalam kelas sekunder yang bersumber dari ; Podes tinggi memiliki nilai : 2014-BPS, Bappeda Kab. Kuningan, ( ) Lebih dari x̅ +( √ ∈�−2� ) Dinas Tata Ruang dan Cipta Karya −1 Kab. Kuningan, Dinas Bina Marga b. Kelas Sedang (II) 2 Kab. Kuningan. Variabel yang masuk dalam kelas Berdasarkan analisis variabel sedang memiliki nilai : yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, ( ) x̅ +( √ ∈�−2� ) sampai dengan x̅ didapatkan lima karakteristik yang −1 ( 2 ) sesuai dengan wilayah kajian. Kelima -( √ ∈�−2� ) −1 karakteristik tersebut diperoleh dari c. Kelas Rendah2 (III) turunan pengertian livable area itu Variabel yang masuk dalam kelas sendiri, kenyamanan huni didapatkan rendah memiliki nilai : apabila terdapat aspek fisik (fasilitas ( ) sosial, fasilitas ekonomi, fasilitas Kurang dari x̅ -( √ ∈�−2� ) −1 kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, 2 Selanjutnya, hasil tersebut perumahan, keberadaan transportasi dispasialkan agar terlihat sebarannya. umum, dan komunikasi) dan aspek Guna mendapatkan tipologi non fisik (hubungan sosial, aktivitas, kenyamanan huni, setiap kecamatan keamanan, tingkat bencana). dianalisis dan disimpulkan kedalam Pengolahan data menggunakan pola-pola tipologi yang didapatkan software Microsoft Excel, dengan menggunakan radar chart dan dilihat seperti apa saja pola Tingkat Keamanan dari Bencana kenyamanan huni yang dilihat dari Alam. karakteristik livable area. Hasil dari perhitungan tiap Radar chart merupakan suatu variabel dan karakteristik didapatkan model analisis visual dari hasil data sebagai berikut : karakteristik yang ditemukan sehingga Tabel 1.1 Tabel Karakteristik Livable Area menghasilkan pola tertentu yang Karakteristik Kecamatan kemudian dapat disimpulkan menjadi 1 2 3 4 5 tipologi livable area. Darma I I III II II Kadugede II III I I II PEMBAHASAN Nusaherang III I III II II Analisis kuantitatif ini didasarkan Ciniru I III III III III Hantara I III II III II dari data potensi desa yang tersedia di Selajambe I II II III III setiap kabupaten/kota. Hal ini dapat Subang I I II III III Cilebak I II II III III menjadi literatur awal untuk Ciwaru III III III
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