MINISTER’S ANNUAL REPORT ON 2011–2012 Prepared by: The Government of January 2013

Cover photos credit: Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation.

For more information or to request a printed copy of the Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe in English or French, or in an alternative format, please contact the: Ministry of the Environment Public Information Centre Telephone: 416-325-4000 Toll free: 1-800-565-4923 Email: [email protected] www.ontario.ca/environment

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PIBS 9220e CONTENTS

MINISTER’S MESSAGE ...... 2 BACKGROUND 3 OUR VISION FOR LAKE SIMCOE ...... 4 WATER QUALITY AND PHOSPHORUS REDUCTION . . . . 6 WATER QUANTITY ...... 13 AQUATIC LIFE ...... 15 LOCAL STEWARDSHIP ...... 19 LOCAL PLANNING AND INNOVATION ...... 22 NEXT STEPS ...... 27 APPENDIX ...... 28

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 1 MINISTER’S MESSAGE I am pleased to present this progress report municipal organizations have shown good on the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan. Building will and foresight by reducing their own on consultation with citizens and expert impact on the watershed and investing in advice from scientists, the Lake Simcoe Lake Simcoe’s future. Protection Plan sets a new standard for As we learn to adapt to climate change and environmental protection of a watershed. develop new ways to protect our environment, The ministry has continued working with we are creating sustainable communities that many partners to implement the plan in care for and protect the environment. That is order to restore and protect the ecological the way forward for Ontario, and it is being health of the lake and its watershed. pioneered in Lake Simcoe. Homeowners and cottagers living on While there are some encouraging signs the water know that Lake Simcoe and its of progress on Lake Simcoe, we still have tributary streams and rivers are under many much more to do. Over the coming year environmental pressures — most notably, we will continue to provide opportunities high phosphorus pollution. Much work by for residents of the Lake Simcoe watershed the people of the Lake Simcoe basin and the to take action to protect their lake. We are province is helping to turn this situation monitoring, researching and learning about around. We are seeing a return of native the lake, and we are committed to using a best lake trout, lowering of phosphorus levels, science approach so we can stay flexible and increases in oxygen that fish need to survive, apply new ideas, techniques and innovations improvements to the shoreline and local as they become available. We will continue to doing their part to protect the lake and stewardship that is a model for watershed be guided by the Lake Simcoe Coordinating its watershed. Whether you are a farmer, protection. Committee and the Lake Simcoe Science resident, visitor, boater or angler, you can None of this would be possible without Committee. We need to work with our help protect the lake. I want to say “thank the financial support of the Lake Simcoe partners to achieve our implementation you” to all of our citizens, stakeholders watershed municipalities, the Province of targets. and partners for their time, dedication and Ontario, the Government of Canada and the Realising the goals of the Lake Simcoe expertise and I look forward to continuing to many contributors who have taken the time to Protection Plan requires hard work, work with you in the future. restore a wetland, protect a piece of shoreline collaboration and commitment from all  or simply buy a rain barrel. Numerous corners. The plan depends on everyone Jim Bradley agricultural, commercial, industrial and Minister of the Environment

2 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 BACKGROUND Lake Simcoe is the largest inland lake in Many groups and individuals are working The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan takes a southern Ontario outside of the Great Lakes. hard to protect and restore the Lake Simcoe science-based, ecosystem approach that The watershed is home to 350,000 people. watershed. To help bring their projects considers cumulative impacts and constantly The lake is fed by 35 major streams and together and build upon their many adapts to new events and knowledge. It rivers, some of which originate in the Oak successful initiatives, our government recognizes that a healthy environment is Ridges Moraine and flow northward. These developed the Lake Simcoe Protection Act the keystone of healthy communities and a tributaries drain a 2,899 km2 watershed. which was passed by the Ontario Legislature healthy economy, and it provides a roadmap The largest, Talbot River, links the lake with in December 2008. The act required the for helping to protect and restore the health the Kawartha lake system and Lake Ontario, development of the Lake Simcoe Protection of Lake Simcoe. via the Trent-Severn Waterway. The only Plan, which was launched in June 2009 The Ministry of the Environment is working outlet from Lake Simcoe is Lake Couchiching. following consultation on a draft plan. collaboratively with federal, provincial Lake Simcoe’s aquatic communities and The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan was and local governments, including First habitats are stressed by poor water quality designed “to protect and restore the ecological Nations and Métis, the Lake Simcoe Region and pressures from human activities. Lake health of Lake Simcoe and its watershed.” Conservation Authority, universities and Simcoe’s fish and their habitats tell us a lot These were significant accomplishments — other stakeholders to implement the Lake about the quality of the aquatic ecosystem the act was the first legislation in Canada Simcoe Protection Plan. and overall health of the lake and its to focus on a watershed and the plan was surrounding environments. This Minister’s Report on Lake Simcoe is the first of its kind in Ontario to address the second report on the implementation of identified threats to the Lake Simcoe the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan. The report watershed. Building on consultation with describes the measures taken to implement citizens and expert advice from scientists, the the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan. The report plan sets a new standard for environmental also summarizes advice from the Lake protection of a watershed by: Simcoe Science Committee and Lake Simcoe • promoting immediate action to address Coordinating Committee. threats to the ecosystem, such as excessive phosphorus in the lake, and • targeting new and emerging causes of stress to Lake Simcoe, such as invasive species and climate change.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 3 OUR VISION FOR LAKE SIMCOE

We believe … • where our children can take their children Plan is what makes our progress possible, to the beach and our grandchildren can thanks to all those who have participated. • that the lake is life and the health of the take their grandchildren fishing and However, there are still significant challenges. lake determines the quality of life canoeing The ministry looks forward to working with The level of community involvement and all partners as we continue this important We see a Lake Simcoe enthusiasm for the Lake Simcoe Protection work to protect Lake Simcoe. watershed …

• where a healthy environment provides the foundation for healthy communities, healthy people and a healthy economy • where the well-being of diverse life forms — fish, wildlife, plants and human beings — is enhanced • where we protect our natural environment for future generations • where natural shorelines are maintained and where development is well planned and ecologically sound • where citizens, governments, businesses and industries are stewards of the land, water and natural heritage • where there is greater cooperation, leadership and responsibility among all parties to protect the Lake Simcoe watershed for present and future generations

4 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Highlights of • Implemented six subwatershed plans to Get Involved our progress to date protect and restore the: – We all have a role to play in protecting Results from our science and monitoring – West Holland River Lake Simcoe. Please explore the ministry’s work tell us: – Black River website for tips on how you can do your part such as: • Spring total phosphorus concentrations – Maskinonge River in the lake are decreasing, a good signal – Beaver River • at home or at the cottage of progress to help reduce algae. – Pefferlaw River • on the water • The proportion of naturally reproduced • Produced a new guide for municipalities • managing fertilizer use, and lake trout and lake whitefish caught by on how to develop and implement • protecting the shoreline. anglers rose from less than 20 per cent in stormwater management master plans to the mid 2000s to more than 40 per cent help reduce loadings of phosphorus and in the winter of 2010. other nutrients, and reduce discharges of Lake Action • Trends show an increase in the lake’s pollutants. Whether you are a landowner, farmer, deep water oxygen levels. This in turn • Started “My Actions, Our Lake Simcoe”, visitor or business owner, you have a role contributes to better habitats for a voluntary action plan to help residents to play in protecting and improving the coldwater fish. and visitors reduce phosphorus at home, health of the Lake Simcoe watershed. We encourage you to get involved in the Lake naturalize shorelines and protect against Together with our community partners, Simcoe Protection Plan. we have: invasive species. Just as it has taken decades for Lake Simcoe • Supported more than 1,500 stewardship • Hosted the first Lake Simcoe Science forum to share how our collaborative to decline, it will take a long time projects helping landowners access funds to realize the true success of our actions. to improve environmental conditions monitoring and research activities are around the lake. helping to protect and restore the lake. By working together, everyone can make a difference in preserving Lake Simcoe for • Taken action to reduce phosphorus from • Encouraged anglers to properly dispose of future generations. 15 sewage treatment plants. These plants bait fish to help minimize invasive species. must meet stringent phosphorus loading • Demonstrated to boaters how to clean caps by 2015. boats to reduce pollution and the spread • Developed Lake Simcoe Fish Community of invasive species. Objectives to guide recovery of fisheries.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 5 WATER QUALITY AND PHOSPHORUS REDUCTION The Lake Simcoe watershed has experienced as lake trout and lake whitefish began to a wide range of interrelated pressures decline. During the 1980s and 1990s, the lack affecting the watershed — excessive nutrients, of oxygen was so severe in Lake Simcoe that pollutants, invasive species, climate change, young coldwater fish were unable to survive. and increasing pressures from human Helping the fish, in turn, helps the lake, and activities. The nutrient phosphorus was to do that requires increasing oxygen levels. identified as a problem for the health of Increasing the levels of oxygen in the water the lake in the 1970s. The ministry and requires reducing the levels of phosphorus. our partners have been taking actions to Actions have been taken since the 1980s to reduce phosphorus loading and carrying out reduce phosphorus inputs, as indicated in the monitoring to help us further understand its Report on Phosphorus Loads to Lake Simcoe sources and impacts. and oxygen concentrations in the deep water have improved. There have been recent Why do we need encouraging signs of the recovery of natural to reduce Phosphorus? coldwater fish populations. But phosphorus levels are still high and oxygen levels are still Phosphorus is a naturally occurring nutrient below the optimal level for a self-sustaining that all living things need to grow; however, coldwater fishery. too much phosphorus in the lake has led to excessive growth of plants and algae. The Phosphorus decomposition of these plants and algae, in Reduction Strategy turn, depletes oxygen levels in the deep waters Protection Plan. This strategy is a cornerstone of the lake and deprives fish of the oxygen The province, working with the Lake Simcoe of the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan, and they need to thrive. Reducing phosphorus Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA), is critical to achieving the ambitious and in the lake is absolutely critical to improving local stakeholders, municipalities and aggressive reductions in phosphorus needed the health of the lake, water quality and the other partners, developed a comprehensive to eventually restore and protect the lake’s coldwater fish community. Water quality Phosphorus Reduction Strategy in June water quality and ecological health. issues first became apparent in the 1960s 2010 under Policy 4.24 of the Lake Simcoe when popular coldwater sport fish such

6 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 The following chart shows the main sources Simcoe watershed, the Phosphorus Reduction available. It will also provide technical of phosphorus in the Lake Simcoe watershed Strategy will incorporate the latest scientific guidance to help municipalities reduce their and the average annual load from each source knowledge, best practices and innovative phosphorus loadings. over a five-year period from 2002 to 2007. design and technology as they become The average total load during that period was 72 tonnes per year. The Phosphorus Reduction Strategy addresses the entire watershed. It guides actions over the next 35 years to reduce phosphorus entering Lake Simcoe and its watershed from the following sources: • sewage treatment plants • atmospheric (airborne) sources of phosphorus such as dust and windblown erosion • agricultural polders such as the • private septic systems located close to the lake, and • runoff from rural and agricultural areas and stormwater runoff from urban areas. Phosphorus Budget Tool The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan sets a The Phosphorus Reduction Strategy sets as an objective a “move to no net increase in phosphorus deepwater dissolved oxygen target of seven loading from new development.” The phosphorus budget tool will allow developers to do a milligrams per litre. This is the oxygen level science‑based assessment of impacts before, during and after development as well as planning required to support a naturally reproducing ways to reduce phosphorus loading from construction activities through the use of best and self-sustaining coldwater fish community. management practices. Based on current science, this oxygen target translates into an annual phosphorus load of With the tool, users can predict phosphorus loading on a subwatershed basis and compare different land uses such as agricultural versus low intensity development. It may also be used to compare approximately 44 tonnes per year or about phosphorus loading for low impact development stormwater management techniques versus 40 per cent less than the current average load. conventional stormwater management techniques. To ensure that the ministry and our partners We welcome your comments on this new tool. meet our long-term objectives for the Lake

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 7 This pressure is an important consideration limits. These new phosphorus caps must be Lake Action as urban centres are big water users. The met by each facility by June 2, 2015. discharge from sewage treatment plants and Airborne phosphorus accounts for about As a major step toward reducing phosphorus, stormwater facilities can affect water quality 27 per cent of the total amount entering the ministry’s Environmental Compliance Lake Simcoe. Work is being done with in the rivers and researchers at the University of Guelph to lake itself. identify likely sources, including: There are currently construction sites 14 municipal and one unpaved roads industrial sewage pits, quarries, and treatment plants in agricultural fields. the Lake Simcoe watershed (see map). Seven of the plants discharge directly The university’s researchers suggest into Lake Simcoe that about 40 per cent of the airborne while the other eight phosphorus comes from local sources in discharge into rivers the watershed that can be addressed under that flow into the our plan. These results will help the ministry lake. The average and our partners evaluate the effectiveness annual phosphorus of our management options for reducing atmospheric phosphorus. load from sewage treatment plants between 2002 and 2007 was about five New limits on tonnes per year, which Phosphorus from represents about Sewage Treatment Plants seven per cent of the total phosphorus load The urban areas of the watershed are to the lake. Under experiencing varying degrees of growth the Phosphorus pressure. The population for the Simcoe Reduction Strategy, County area is forecasted to reach these facilities approximately 667,000 people by 2031. must achieve new phosphorus loads and

8 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Approvals for the 15 sewage treatment plants contribute approximately 4.4 tonnes of in the watershed have been reviewed and phosphorus per year. Lake Action amended under Policy 4.2 of the Lake Simcoe Under Policy 4.13 of the Lake Simcoe In early 2011, we reviewed existing Protection Plan, to include new phosphorus Protection Plan, a new Building Code programs for reducing fertilizer use and limits that cap the combined contribution regulation is now in place to require protecting shorelines to find the most at 7.2 tonnes per year. It has taken and will municipalities, health units and conservation successful approaches. We consulted continue to take the efforts of multiple layers with community influencers such as authorities to inspect septic systems every five of government and stakeholders, investment garden centres and home improvement years. Under the Building Code, a properly and innovation to achieve these targets. stores to explore how to work together to functioning and maintained septic system raise awareness and change behaviour. Pollutants other than phosphorus were also reduces or eliminates the release of pathogens The results of this work informed the identified as a concern by stakeholders during into soil, groundwater, surface water and air development of the “My Actions, consultations on the Lake Simcoe Protection and provides adequate treatment of sanitary Our Lake Simcoe” campaign. Plan. As per the Phosphorus Reduction sewage and effluent. This change will go a If you want to learn more about the Strategy, sewage treatment plant owners are long way to reduce phosphorus loading, while actions to reduce phosphorus in required to sample and assess the effluent protect Ontario’s drinking water and the watershed streams, look at the local discharged from the plant within the first natural environment. stewardship section on page 19. five years of their amended approvals coming The regulation defines the geographic areas into force. The ministry is also supporting where inspections of on-site sewage systems work with municipalities to sample the will be required and the times within which effluent of several sewage treatment plants to inspections must be carried out. At the start, Stormwater Management learn more about contaminants of emerging inspections will focus on systems located concern (e.g., personal care products and Master Plan Guidelines within 100 metres of certain sections of the pharmaceuticals) which were identified as a Lake Simcoe shoreline. Inspections of septics Stormwater management affects the quality key public health concern in the Lake Simcoe by municipalities have commenced. The and quantity of water flowing through the Protection Plan. inspection of the balance of the septic systems watershed. Increased urbanization, removal must commence no later than January 1, of natural vegetation, altering natural streams Septic System Inspections 2016. This will include all systems within 100 and degrading wetlands all change the way metres of lakes, ponds, and permanent rivers stormwater moves through the watershed. or streams in the Lake Simcoe watershed. Lowering phosphorus input from septic The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan Policy systems will bring us closer to our target Environment Canada’s Lake Simcoe 4.5 through 4.12 requires us to better of 44 tonnes per year. Small on-site sewage Clean-Up Fund also supported innovative manage stormwater in existing and systems are designed to treat domestic septic replacement and retrofit initiatives in planned settlement areas defined in the sewage. These systems are estimated to under-serviced areas in 2010–11. plan. Municipalities in collaboration with

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 9 the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation New major developments within the Lake Agriculture Authority are to prepare and implement Simcoe watershed must now demonstrate, comprehensive stormwater management under Policy 4.8, how phosphorus loadings Agriculture in the Lake Simcoe watershed plans for each settlement area within the and changes in water balance will be generates over $300 million annually. Almost Lake Simcoe watershed by the end of 2014. minimized. Ontario has implemented half of the watershed is farmland and rural The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation requirements for approvals for new area. There are more than 2,000 crop, market Authority and its partners have produced a stormwater systems and will review and gardening and livestock operations, including guide for municipalities on how to write and (if necessary) revise existing approvals. the Holland Marsh, the province’s largest implement stormwater master plans with the cultivated marsh area. Ontario encourages Comprehensive Stormwater Management using innovative agricultural practices and Municipal master plans will help us reduce: Master Plan Guidelines. technologies to help improve the health of the loadings of phosphorus and other lake and its watershed. These include buffer nutrients, and strips along streams and rivers, cover crops, the discharge of pollutants to Lake improved manure storage facilities, and Simcoe and its tributaries. low-impact cropping and fertilizing methods. Many farmers are working toward this goal through voluntary stewardship programs such as the Environmental Farm Plan Program, the Landowner Environmental Lake Action Assistance Program and the Lake Simcoe The City of Barrie is planning for the Farm Stewardship Program, and cost-share development of the annexed lands programs where available. These activities south of the City’s former boundary. are supported by policies contained in the A stormwater management study, once Lake Simcoe Protection Plan: complete, will guide future development • Many market gardening and crop farming such that it meets the objectives and policies of the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan. operations use fertilizers and pesticides Monitoring and documenting phosphorus that are essential for growing food. If not reduction at existing stormwater managed properly, nutrients can move management ponds and other point from the fields where they are applied into sources are important considerations in groundwater, streams, rivers and the lake. the development of Stormwater Master Plans in the Lake Simcoe Watershed.

10 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 • When farm fields are bare, winds can Encouraging Trends A reliable measure of the overall quantities of erode soils and carry phosphate-laden soil phosphorus in the lake is the concentrations particles to rivers and lakes. Water used for Improvements in Spring that are measured just at the time the last irrigation must be managed responsibly to Total Phosphorus ice melts during the spring. The graph below reduce the impacts on the natural flow of shows an encouraging trend — there was a water through the watershed and into the The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan targets the significant decrease detected with the spring lake. reduction of phosphorus over time, thereby total phosphorus data. The graph also shows • Livestock farming produces nutrient-rich increasing the deep water dissolved oxygen. the importance of considering longer-term manure. Using manure management The target set is at least seven milligrams per trends, as there can be considerable variation best practices can reduce loading of litre of dissolved oxygen in the deep water. year over year. This encouraging trend is phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphates into This is the minimum required to sustain expected to continue as the ministry and watercourses and groundwater. Allowing the natural reproduction and survival of the our partners work to reduce the sources of livestock to graze on the edge of streams coldwater fish. phosphorus to the lake. and rivers can cause erosion and add to the nutrient load.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 11 Improvements in Deepwater Dissolved Oxygen

We are seeing some improvements in dissolved oxygen levels in Lake Simcoe over time, as shown in the graph. While levels can vary from year to year, dissolved oxygen levels are slowly increasing, which helps fish survive. There is still much work to do — the five-year running average for deepwater oxygen has remained below the target of seven milligrams per litre (see graph). This is because on average, current phosphorus loading (72 tonnes) exceeds the target (44 tonnes) substantially. The abundance of phosphorus over-fertilizes the lake and rivers increasing weed and algal growth. When the algae and aquatic weeds die they are broken down by bacteria. Bacteria consume oxygen during decomposition and make it difficult for fish and other aquatic life to survive. You can read more about water quality in the Lake Simcoe Water Quality Update, released in May 2010.

12 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 WATER QUANTITY

Stream Flow Framework – take refuge to escape extremes of hot or This will give us an accurate and up-to-date cold, and environmental flow assessment that considers Maintaining adequate water flows through – support the food web of insects factors such as the: the watershed is essential to preserve the and plants • ecological functions to be protected habitat required by plants, fish and other • lateral connections, which allow water • natural variations in flow, and organisms. Some of the Lake Simcoe to flood into streamside wetlands and • other uses of the stream (e.g., sewage subwatersheds already have low levels of side channels, enabling an exchange of assimilation and water takings). water at certain times of the year. In order sediment and nutrient, and signalling to protect aquatic ecosystems in the Lake when it is safe to spawn, and This information will help us establish Simcoe watershed, an adequate portion of the accurate targets for protecting water quantity • connections to the groundwater, which available water supply must be reserved for in the watershed. A draft in-stream flow help regulate flow, water volume and the ecosystem. Restoring the subwatersheds target has been developed in consultation temperature. requires strong action and work with with local stakeholders in the Maskinonge landowners and the watershed-wide More information is available in the guidance River subwatershed. community to promote stewardship. document: Towards a Framework for Determining Ecological Flows and Water In 2010, Ontario, the Lake Simcoe Region levels in the Lake Simcoe Watershed. Water Budgets Conservation Authority and watershed partners began to develop a guidance Although the Lake Simcoe watershed is one of document for managing water quantity In-Stream Flow Targets the more highly monitored watersheds in the in stressed subwatersheds. This report, province, there are still significant data gaps. published in 2011, supports Policy 8.1 of the The water quantity guidance document also This is particularly true of water quantity, Lake Simcoe Protection Plan, and illustrates identifies the factors to be considered when and understanding groundwater and surface how to evaluate: developing targets for reserve flows required water interactions. to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems in • longitudinal connections (continuous The Ministry of the Environment and the the watershed. Based on this guidance, the connections from the headwater to the Ministry of Natural Resources are working ministry is undertaking research with the mouth) in streams, making it possible for with the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority fish to: Authority and local municipalities to to provide the necessary information we need – migrate for spawning or over-wintering complete Tier 2 Water Budgets for all on the hydrologic regime of each stream in Lake Simcoe subwatersheds. These water the watershed.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 13 budgets indicate where water comes from • York Region: Black River, Georgina The development of Tier 2 Water Budgets and where it is going. This helps to guide Creeks, East Holland, West Holland, for Oro Creeks and Hawkestone River our understanding of water flows and will Maskinonge subwatersheds are also underway and will contribute significantly to the development • Durham Region: Pefferlaw River, be completed in 2013. of in-stream flow targets. Beaver River To date, water budgets have been developed • : Lovers Creek, Hewitts for the following subwatersheds: Creek Barrie Creek and Innisfil Creek

14 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 AQUATIC LIFE Lake Simcoe is renowned for its world class Lake Simcoe Fish Department of Fisheries and Oceans and lake trout, lake whitefish, yellow perch and Community Objectives the Lake Simcoe Fisheries Stakeholder smallmouth bass fisheries. It is one of the Committee developed the Lake Simcoe Fish most intensively fished lakes in the province. Maintaining the Lake Simcoe fishery and Community Objectives for Lake Simcoe’s It is estimated the local economy receives restoring its coldwater fish community fisheries in June 2011. These provide a more than $200 million annually from depend not only on improved water quality common goal and a comprehensive set of recreational activities associated with the and the protection of habitat, but also on objectives to enhance and guide the collective lake. Home to almost 12,000 cottages, the sound and strategic fisheries management. efforts to manage the fish community and watershed’s summer population grows by As per Policy 3.1 of the Lake Simcoe fisheries resources of Lake Simcoe and its about 50,000 visitors. Monitoring of the fish Protection Plan, the Ministry of Natural watershed. community in Lake Simcoe gives the ministry Resources, in collaboration with the Federal and our partners information and insight into how our policies are working. It also indicates where we need to make changes or improvements as we adapt our management tactics and fine tune our protection and Operation Bait Bucket Partners: Ministry of Natural Resources and restoration efforts. Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters Our monitoring efforts have revealed a recent During the winter of 2011, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ontario Federation of Anglers positive trend. The proportion of naturally and Hunters spoke with anglers about baitfish and invasive species. They are helping anglers become better aware of the dangers posed by invasive species and enabling them to identify reproduced lake trout and lake whitefish foreign species like round goby in their bait buckets. caught by anglers rose from less than 20 per cent in the mid 2000s to more than 40 per When leftover baitfish is dumped into the lake at the end of a fishing session, it can result in the cent in the winter of 2010. As noted above, spread of invasive species and diseases which can have significant ecological and economic impacts trends show an increase in the lake’s deep on Lake Simcoe. It is illegal to dump the contents of any bait container into the water or within water oxygen levels — this in turn contributes 30 metres of any lake, pond, river or stream. Instead, anglers should put unwanted baitfish in the to better habitats for coldwater fish. garbage and empty bait bucket water on dry land. As our efforts to restore the lake continue, Never release live bait into water, or release aquatic animals from one water body into another. It is illegal to use gobies, ruffe or rudd for bait. Learn how to identify exotic species, if you believe they everyone connected to the Lake Simcoe have spread to a new location in Ontario, please call the province-wide Invading Species Hotline at watershed can look forward to the return of 1-800-563-7711. a sustainable fish population that does not require stocking. These efforts to raise awareness about invasive species are important steps taken under Policy 7.1 of the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 15 Coldwater Fish Survival and modest increases in abundance over the Goal and Reproduction past few years. A fish community that is reflective of and This is encouraging, as these species declined contributes to a healthy/restored Lake Lake trout and lake whitefish are of great drastically several decades ago because of Simcoe ecosystem where socio-economic interest to anglers. We are pleased to report degraded water quality and fish habitat in and cultural benefits of the fishery are that these native Lake Simcoe coldwater the lake. Now lake trout, lake whitefish and realized now and into the future; where fish have recently shown promising signs of cisco are not only reproducing, the young are management actions are complementary improvement. Our annual fish community surviving. Recreational anglers caught these and strive for an ecological balance of self- monitoring programs of lake trout, lake sustaining native species; where natural naturally reproduced fish in greater numbers whitefish and lake herring (cisco) have all fish habitats and species biodiversity are during the 2009 and 2010 winter fisheries. protected and maintained, and; degraded demonstrated natural reproduction, survival habitats and lost elements of the fish community are restored.

Within the lake’s watershed, there are coldwater, warm-water and tributary fish resources. One objective for the Lake Simcoe Fish Community is to maintain the populations of the native fish species and promote their natural reproduction and population growth. Providing sustainable harvest opportunities and identifying opportunities for habitat restoration are essential. Objectives are also set for maintaining fishing opportunities and continued research and monitoring to enable ongoing management of the lake’s fish resources.

16 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Warm-Water Fish Community Change

The Ministry of Natural Resources regularly monitors warm water fish species in Lake Simcoe. Of particular interest are the quantity, size and age of the fish as these are indicators of the health of the fish community and lake ecosystem. The ministry and our partners have detected large year-to-year fluctuations in the abundance of warm-water fish species such as rock bass, yellow perch and black crappie, but there have been few long term directional changes over time. What is apparent is the invasion of non-native species in the early 1990s, including black crappie. The spread of invasive species can cause the reduction in abundance of native species which can have significant economic impact to the local economy. Chapter Seven of the Lake Simcoe greater the biodiversity, the more resilient the compared with many other inland lakes. Protection Plan is focused on monitoring and ecosystem. It is home to more than 50 species of fish. The ministry and our partners recently managing invasive species. Our investment Last year, the government introduced launched a new program to monitor the in the monitoring of the warm-water fish “Biodiversity: it’s in our Nature, The Ontario diversity of the lake’s fish community to keep community is an example of how we are Government’s Plan to Conserve Biodiversity track of changes over time. The more we learn delivering on the plan. (2012–2020)”. This implementation plan about the lakes, the better we can prepare and identifies over 100 actions and activities the plan prevention and restoration efforts. Biodiversity and province will undertake with its partners to advance biodiversity conservation, including Some of the changes in the lake over the Invasive Species continuing to implement the Lake Simcoe past 20 years are the result of invasive and Protection Plan. non-native species that have been making Biodiversity refers to the number and variety their way into the lake for more than a of life forms in an ecosystem. Generally, the Lake Simcoe has a diverse fish community century. Their impact is widespread.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 17 For instance, the round goby, a small bottom-dwelling fish, is now common in Invasive and non-native species and the many shallow areas of Lake Simcoe. These approximate year of their introduction or fish breed fast and feed on the eggs of native detection: species. Fish In 2012, Ontario’s Invasive Species Strategic Common carp – 1896 Plan was released. It highlights work that Rainbow smelt – 1962 has been done, identifies gaps in current Black crappie – 1987 programs and policies, and outlines future Bluegill – 2000 necessary actions. These actions will work toward preventing new invasive species, Round goby – 2006 slowing and (where possible) reversing the Other aquatic organisms spread of existing invasive species, and Zebra mussels – 1992 reducing the harmful impacts of existing Spiny water flea – 1993 invasive species. Quagga mussels – 2004 In addition to enhanced monitoring, Rusty crayfish – 2004 researchers are investigating how broad-scale European amphipod – 2005 changes such as climate change and invasive species may alter Lake Simcoe’s food webs Plants and water quality. They are also using new Curly-leaf pondweed – 1961 to 1984 technology to: Eurasian watermilfoil – 1984 • estimate the abundance of important offshore species such as lake herring and lake trout, and • quantify the relationship between Lake Action nearshore habitat and aquatic Invading Species Hotline 1- 800- 563- 7711 biodiversity.

18 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 LOCAL STEWARDSHIP Lake Simcoe is a treasured resource and support of stewardship and conservation. deserves our full efforts to ensure it has a The Stewardship Network continued to Lake Action healthy and bright future. With the aid, promote and support stewardship activities More than 380 landowners and advice and expert assistance of the local in 2012, by advising on: 60 groups and organizations were communities and governments and with our • groups that were active in the watershed actively engaged in the Lake Simcoe Community Stewardship Program. other partners who share our vision for Lake • where stewardship activities Large or small, every activity made a Simcoe, the ministry is working to protect were taking place and restore Lake Simcoe, its watershed and its difference. • types of stewardship activities, and beautiful shorelines. At a glance: • project success measurement. With the Lake Simcoe Protection Act as a 1,435 metres of shoreline repaired These are just a few of the stewardship foundation and the Lake Simcoe Protection or naturalized programs and projects undertaken in the Plan as a guide, a knowledgeable group 3,600 metres of stream bank erosion past year. of researchers, policy makers, scientists, restored volunteers and officials has created over 17,500 trees and shrubs planted tremendous momentum for change. Lake Simcoe Community 33 septic systems replaced or repaired, The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Stewardship Program and Authority also provides stewardship more than six hectares of wetland and programs, monitoring, research, education, Interest in the Community Stewardship other natural heritage features improved. outreach and subwatershed planning. Program from landowners and organizations throughout the watershed has grown To support stewardship efforts, a network tremendously. The stewardship tracking has been established. The Lake Simcoe system allows the public to learn about Stewardship Network consists of nearly stewardship projects in the Lake Simcoe 100 participants from a range of sectors, watershed, providing a standardized process including municipalities, community for organizations to report. The system also groups, environmental non-governmental allows anyone to see key data. This project organizations, industry groups and academia. has been made possible by funding from the The network facilitates the sharing of Lake Simcoe Clean-Up Fund and is hosted by knowledge, ideas, and accomplishments and Our Lake Simcoe. the creation of collaborative partnerships in

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 19 My Actions, Please visit the ministry’s website to find out Stewardship Rangers Our Lake Simcoe how you can take action in your own home Take Action and community. Partners: Ministry of the The Ministry of Natural Resources Environment, Ministry of Natural Stewardship Ranger teams are helping Clean Marine in the Lake Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, our restoration efforts throughout the Simcoe Watershed Food and Rural Affairs, Lake Simcoe Lake Simcoe watershed as part of youth opportunities linked to the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority Twenty-seven marinas in the Lake Simcoe watershed took part in the Clean Marine Community Stewardship Program. Program including those located in In summer 2011, we launched a campaign Last year, two Stewardship Ranger teams Beaverton, Atherly, Jackson’s Point, Barrie, to raise awareness of the need to take action dedicated to the watershed spent almost Orillia, Gilford, Keswick, Brechin, Pefferlaw, to protect Lake Simcoe. We highlighted the 3,200 hours working on 32 environmental work already being done in the watershed Bell Ewart, Lefroy, Rama and Sutton West. The Clean Marine Program works to ensure projects. They were assisted by three to reduce non-essential fertilizer use and that membership marinas are following additional Stewardship Ranger teams who maintain natural vegetation on shorelines. environmentally sound practices and contributed an additional 560 hours on nine In the spring of 2012, we expanded the protecting waterways for all to enjoy. extra projects. campaign to include awareness of invasive species and sustainable recreation practices. Orillia’s Marina del Rey was the first marina This energetic and dedicated team of young operator on Lake Simcoe to receive the Lake Simcoe residents, together with their “My Actions, Our Lake Simcoe” consists of Gold Clean Marine award in 2009. The Clean team leaders, built boardwalks, monitored general education and awareness-raising with Marine Program supports Policy 7.16 of the local streams and helped with the efforts to future plans for community-based social Lake Simcoe Protection Plan. control invasive plants and aquatic species. marketing. The challenge is to communicate They also restored shorelines and planted the need for action to people who live in the native trees and shrubs along lake edges and watershed. stream banks and built nesting boxes. Given their connection to the lake and its community, local residents are best suited to the task. It has been our privilege to work with and support local residents by designing or providing the tools they see as best suited for raising awareness and improving education within their own communities.

20 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Farm operations contribute at least 25 per Lake Simcoe Farm cent of their costs. Typical projects include: Landowners Environmental Stewardship Program Assistance Program • improving manure storage capacity Partners: Ministry of Agriculture, • restricting livestock access to watercourses In the last year, the Landowners Food and Rural Affairs, Ontario • modifying tillage practices to reduce soil Environmental Assistance Program funded Federation of Agriculture, Ontario erosion over 210 projects, valued at more than Farm Environmental Coalition, • run-off control measures $3.2 million. Together, these projects are expected to reduce phosphorus loading to the Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement • improving on-farm storage and handling lake by approximately 463 kilograms per year. Association of petroleum products, pesticides and fertilizers, and Projects were completed with agricultural Ontario is helping farmers in the Lake Simcoe • nutrient recovery from wastewater. producers, urban and rural landowners, region protect and restore the health of the municipalities, community groups and other lake. Since the plan’s inception, farmers watershed stakeholders. These projects deliver participating in the program have completed many side-benefits, including increased more than 400 on-farm projects. Many of community awareness of the watershed, these projects are large scale and require large and the positive impact of improved land investments. use practices.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 21 LOCAL PLANNING AND INNOVATION In addition to our work reducing phosphorus loadings and monitoring oxygen levels, Boat Wash Campaign Preserving Rare Habitat local planning and innovation actions that Partners: Ministry of Natural Resources Partners: Innisfree Limited (a family-based protect the watershed and shorelines of and the Ontario Federation of Anglers association with 18 cottages) and Ministry of Lake Simcoe will help restore the lake for all and Hunters Natural Resources who use and enjoy it. A natural shoreline is resilient to storm events, preventing run-off In summer 2011, students cleaned boats A group of Innisfil cottagers are restoring a from entering the lake, and provides habitat at various marinas on Lake Simcoe on rare pine-oak tall grass savannah ecosystem the weekend free of charge, as part of a on their property. Work began by for many species important to the lake’s community-based social marketing project. conducting a species inventory. Although ecosystem. much of the property was still natural Anglers can transport zebra mussels, spiny habitat, invasive dog-strangling vine had waterflea and round gobies from one lake spread throughout the savannah and to another with their boats unless they adjacent forest. Assisted by the Ministry of take precautions. Boats must be inspected, Natural Resources, volunteers went into cleaned and drained. action with a prescribed burn in 2012 to There were two pilot social marketing beat back the invaders and promote the campaigns — one for boaters and one for growth of native savannah species. The anglers. The campaigns were designed to association also completed a shoreline increase awareness of invasive species in restoration started in 2009. Lake Simcoe and encourage a change in More than 20 per cent of their 900-metre behaviour. Students demonstrated how to shoreline was eroded. The cottagers inspect, clean and drain boats and other repaired 200 metres of crumbling banks equipment, and how to dispose of baitfish with rock and in the spring planted properly — all to prevent invasive species 100 dogwood shrubs along the shoreline from spreading. to prevent erosion.

A combination of local partners and governments is in place that will continue to provide updates and innovations as we move toward the goals outlined in the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan.

22 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Subwatershed Planning

Each subwatershed in the Lake Simcoe watershed is unique and the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan recognizes this. Under Policies 8.1 and 8.3, the ministry is working with partners to address these needs with a systematic approach that includes analysis, monitoring, planning and action. Within this reporting period, we finalized and began implementing subwatershed plans within York and Durham Regions for the: • East Holland River • West Holland River • Maskinonge River • Black River • Beaver River, and • Pefferlaw River. The first four of these plans were completed by the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority and funded by York Region. The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority has also completed subwatershed plans for the Beaver River and Pefferlaw River with funding from Durham Region. In collaboration with the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, subwatershed plans for Innisfil and Barrie will follow. You can view the complete details of the subwatershed plans and reports by visiting the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority website.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 23 representatives from local municipalities, Maskinonge River Recovery Project businesses, farmers, First Nations and Partners: Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Save the Maskinonge, York Environmental source protection authorities (including Stewardship, the Town of Georgina, the Town of , Region of York, Lake Simcoe the Lake Simcoe Region and Nottawasaga Clean-Up Fund and community volunteers Valley Conservation Authorities, and the Severn Sound Environmental Association), In 2008, the Maskinonge subwatershed received the lowest grades in the Lake Simcoe basin for submitted the region’s first Source Protection forest cover and forest interior. In 2009, it scored lowest for riverside vegetation. As a result, the Plan under the Clean Water Act to the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority introduced the Maskinonge River Recovery Project. ministry in October 2012. Since its start, over 40 projects have been completed. A large part of this effort has focused on the shorelines along the Maskinonge River and its tributaries, as stream bank erosion and lack of The plan identifies risks to the quality vegetation are a major concern. and quantity of municipal drinking water sources in the local watersheds and Projects have been wide-ranging. 2011 highlights include: contains proposed policies to address the planting more than 500 trees and shrubs around a storm water pond, as well as most significant risks. Once the plan is building bat and bird boxes reviewed by the Minister, a range of local the Lower Maskinonge River Naturalization Project, which has restored natural shorelines municipalities, conservation authorities and creation of turtle habitat for endangered species the Ontario government will be responsible installation of riffle structures for implementing the policies. removal of garbage, and implementation of the Yellow Fish Road program and schoolyard naturalization. Showcasing Water Innovation source protection plans with policies to Source Protection Showcasing Water Innovation is a provincial manage these threats. Much of this funding program that invests in leading edge, cost- In the South Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe supported projects in the Lake Simcoe and effective solutions for managing drinking Source Protection Region, Ontario has Couchiching watersheds, such as upgrades for water, wastewater and stormwater systems in provided over $3.5 million in funding septic systems which also contributed to an Ontario communities. through the Ontario Drinking Water overall reduction in nutrients within the Lake Stewardship Program to help local Simcoe watershed. Under this program, the province is investing landowners and businesses take early actions over $2 million in five projects that are being Lake Simcoe lies within the Lake Simcoe to address risks to their local drinking delivered in the Lake Simcoe watershed. The five and Couchiching Source Protection Area. water. The province invested an additional multi-year projects that are currently underway The South Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe $16.8 million to assess and identify sources are focused on technology innovation in Source Protection Committee, working with of drinking water threats and to develop

24 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 stormwater management, water quality trading This program complements Ontario’s Water to reduce phosphorus loads and removal of Opportunities Act by fostering innovation, micropollutants from municipal wastewater. creating opportunities for economic development and protecting water resources.

Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority: planning. Integrated water mapping will help Toronto, will pilot test an advanced oxidation Retrofitting of Urban Stormwater Management municipalities identify and evaluate their water process at the Keswick Water Pollution Control Facilities in the Lake Simcoe Watershed Using supply, collection and treatment needs. Plant. Expected outcomes include reduced Innovative Technologies: Comparison of Three micropollutants in water bodies, cost-effective Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority: Innovative Solutions and energy-efficient removal of micropollutants, Water Quality Trading to Reduce Phosphorus and laboratory-tested technology implemented This project will compare the efficiency and Loadings to the Lake Simcoe Watershed in a real-world setting. efficacy of three innovative approaches for The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority managing stormwater to decrease phosphorus Regional Municipality of York: York Region will work with local partners to design a proposed discharges into Lake Simcoe. Three existing Innovative and Sustainable Development water quality trading system that, if implemented, stormwater management facilities located in Approvals Project could provide a way to lower the overall loading separate urban catchments in the Lake Simcoe of phosphorus discharged into Lake Simcoe and York Region will promote green construction watershed will be retrofitted and upgraded with its tributaries. The project will identify cost- and increased water savings using an approvals technologies that have not yet been tested or effective methods for lowering phosphorus process for sustainable developments. The project proven in local settings. Expected outcomes discharges into Lake Simcoe. will also quantify potential water reductions from include lower phosphorus amounts discharged green buildings that will inform new construction from stormwater facilities, improved water quality Regional Municipality of York: Removal of throughout Ontario. and identification of cost-effective ways to retrofit Micropollutants from Municipal Wastewater: stormwater facilities. Lake Simcoe/Regional Municipality of York Expected outcomes from this project include: Pilot Plant Canadian Urban Institute: Integrated Water lower environmental impact of new property Mapping: Enhancing Decision Support for York Region will be working to find a development Sustainable Water Planning with Municipal Data practical solution for reducing the release of improved water conservation micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and The Canadian Urban Institutes will work with reduced storm water volumes personal care products, from water pollution partners in the Cities of Barrie, London, Toronto reduced energy use control plants, to improve Lake Simcoe’s water and Guelph to create a Geographic Information reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and and the health of aquatic ecosystems. The System model for integrated water mapping project, in collaboration with the University of Adaptation to climate change. that uses municipal data for water sustainability

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 25 Planning for the Impacts of The Ministry of the Environment is leading process that examines planning, policy, Climate Change a project to assess and evaluate the risk of science and communication issues. The climate change impacts on the watershed. results of the consultation will feed into the The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan requires the Together with the Ministry of Natural development of a draft Lake Simcoe Climate development of a climate change adaptation Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Food Change Adaptation Strategy. This draft strategy for the Lake Simcoe watershed. For a and Rural Affairs, local First Nations and strategy will be posted for public comment in summary of recent action on climate change Métis communities, the Lake Simcoe Region spring 2013. This process will be shared with in Ontario, see Climate Ready, Ontario’s Conservation Authority, municipalities other watersheds across Ontario and beyond Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan and academic institutions, the ministry our borders. 2011–2014. is undertaking an extensive collaborative

26 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 NEXT STEPS Working with our many dedicated partners, • continue to implement the Phosphorus Our science-based ecosystem approach the ministry plans to build on the efforts Reduction Strategy recognises that a healthy environment is to protect and restore the Lake Simcoe • release the report on Phosphorus Loads to the cornerstone of a healthy community watershed. Our approach can be described Lake Simcoe (2007–2009) in early 2013 and a healthy economy. We look forward as “adaptive management” that links with • continue to carry out and support to continuing to work with our partners our constant monitoring of the lake; when monitoring and research work to protect and restore Lake Simcoe. conditions change, we adapt our strategy to • work with partners in developing new To learn more about our many partners and accommodate. In the upcoming year, we will: ways to protect and restore the shoreline resources, visit Lake Simcoe Community • complete water budgets and subwatershed • encourage the use of Best Management Partners. plans for the remaining river systems in Practices across all sectors in the the watershed watershed, and • release a multi-seasonal recreation • work collaboratively on response plans for strategy focused on promoting priority invasive species. environmental sustainable recreational activities • release a comprehensive monitoring strategy to coordinate science and monitoring • continue to promote stewardship actions across the watershed enabling new ideas and approaches • host the second biennial Lake Simcoe Science Forum to discuss scientific results and collaborate on monitoring and research • consult on a Lake Simcoe Climate Change Adaptation Strategy that outlines adaptation measures to address the impacts of climate change in the watershed

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 27 APPENDIX The government recognizes and thanks all implementing the Lake Simcoe Protection • innovation is essential to get us committee members for demonstrating their Plan. to our target. commitment to Lake Simcoe and working A summary of the recommendations in the The ministry and our partners are reviewing hard to provide us with their best advice. report includes: these recommendations that will help inform • stewardship enhancements are needed the actions to be taken during the coming The Lake Simcoe to promote collective action and year. We will report on the progress and Coordinating Committee behaviour change results of these actions in our next report. • growth plans must be reviewed alongside The table below summarizes the advice the In July 2012, the committee submitted information now gathered on lake impact, committee gave during 2011 and the resulting a report with recommendations for and actions taken.

Lake Simcoe Coordinating Committee Recommendations 2011

Topic Recommendations Response to Date Phosphorus Draft an implementation timetable for Lake Simcoe Protection Recommendation adopted. Reduction Strategy Plan (LSPP) policies addressing phosphorus loading. Stewardship Develop a table to show which LSPP policies are being Recommendation under consideration to determine feasibility. implemented by municipalities. Create one document that reports on and maps all stewardship A publicly available database is available through this hyperlink programs/projects around the lake and within the watershed. www.ourlakesimcoe.com/projects.php. It is a community driven database for the Lake Simcoe watershed. Recreational Strategy Work with the Ministry of Natural Resources to continue assessing The Recreation Strategy Working Group engaged the public in the impact of recreational activities, such as boat speed and noise conversations about sustainable recreation activities, through levels, on fish spawning. social media and at community events in 2011 and 2012. Work with Trent-Severn Waterway Advisory Council to look at Water budget and subwatershed plans have been completed or how fluctuations in lake levels can influence recreation. are in the planning stages (e.g., Talbot River system). These plans consider the management of water quantity and recreational activities. Work with federal bodies responsible for the regulation and The Recreation Strategy Working Group engaged recreation enforcement of recreational water activities in developing the stakeholder groups including federal bodies in discussions about strategy. the development of a multi-seasonal recreation strategy. Climate Change Develop a table to be appended to the strategy highlighting the Draft Strategy is being prepared for public consultation. Adaptation Strategy connections between the LSPP and the strategy.

28 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 Lake Simcoe • continue to focus on reducing phosphorus The committee’s input has helped guide Science Committee loads while increasing the protection of the development of strategies to protect shoreline and natural heritage areas Lake Simcoe. As a result, 31 of the 41 In June 2012, the Lake Simcoe Science • continue leading edge research and recommendations in their report have already Committee submitted a report to the Minister monitoring activities, and been addressed. The remainder are under that included 41 recommendations for the • transfer scientific information to policy review by the ministry and its partners. continued protection of Lake Simcoe. Among makers, stakeholders and the public in These recommendations will help inform the recommendations are calls for the plain language. actions to be taken during the coming year. following actions: The table below summarizes the advice the committee gave during 2011 and the resulting actions taken.

Lake Simcoe Science Committee Recommendations 2011 Topic Recommendations Response to Date Phosphorus Reduction Include a no-net phosphorus increase requirement for Phosphorus budget tool was developed and will provide guidance Strategy development approvals. on how to calculate the phosphorus budgets for development. Designate stormwater from new development as point sources The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, in collaboration to regulate it in a similar manner to sewage treatment plants with with partners, developed Subwatershed Planning Guidance in discharge limitations. 2011. To date, six subwatershed plans have also been developed; these plans will also help to manage phosphorus.

The recommendations remain under review for further actions. Stormwater Develop stormwater criteria that include phosphorus, salt, and Comprehensive Stormwater Management Master Plan Guidelines Management other harmful contaminants of water, along with percentage have been developed in collaboration with the Lake Simcoe total suspended solids (TSS) removal from stormwater facilities Region Conservation Authority. to requirements for end-of-pipe concentrations of parameters. Recommendations take into consideration the development of Ensure stormwater/snow melt runoff stored in strategic locations stormwater best management practices. to reduce lethality of salt spikes. Climate Change Conduct precipitation analysis and use results in strategy. Recommendations were taken into consideration in the Adaptation Strategy Include land use changes, e.g., increase in impermeable surfaces. development of the draft Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, which will be released for public consultation on Leverage partnerships with modellers and practitioners in order the Environmental Registry in early 2013. to build climate change modelling capacity. Commit to review strategy within two years based on new information.

Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012 29 Lake Simcoe Science Committee Recommendations 2011 (continued) Topic Recommendations Response to Date Water Quality Trading Committee recommends using a conservative approach with Showcasing Water Innovations funded project led by Lake Simcoe trading ratios to address key risks such as uncertainty between Region Conservation Authority is exploring water quality trading different sources of phosphorus. as a way to lower the amount of phosphorus discharges. Consider including regulatory incentives to interest developers and owners of sewage treatment plants to buy and sell credits. Trading should occur in areas that are monitored to increase availability of program results and benefits. Monitor costs associated with running the program, as well as effectiveness in reducing phosphorus. Ensure clear indication of investor interest and assurance that adequate incentives exist to facilitate participation, such as tax incentives. Shoreline/Natural Include wetlands with permanent surface water connections to a Recommendations will support the development of a Heritage lake or permanent stream in policies regarding septic setbacks. comprehensive monitoring strategy (to be released later this year) Define the ideal sample size to determine the scale of the and the Shoreline Management Strategy. terrestrial monitoring project. Integrate existing monitoring programs and identify gaps. Shoreline Voluntary Conduct scientifically sound surveys to develop and assess the In 2011, a shoreline Voluntary Action Plan campaign “My Actions, Action Program voluntary action program. Our Lake Simcoe” was launched to increase voluntary efforts to Conduct review within five years, with option of pursuing protect the shoreline and reduce use of phosphate-containing regulatory measures if established targets are not met. fertilizers. This campaign was expanded in 2012 to include awareness of invasive species and sustainable recreation practices. Educate landowners on best practices and stewardship regarding fertilizer management. Recommendation will be considered in future development of a Consider and respond to changing demographics, i.e., increasing community-based social marketing pilot program. population, in the watershed. Supports development of Shoreline Management Strategy.

Recommendation will assist in determining whether additional measures should be pursued.

30 Minister’s Annual Report on Lake Simcoe 2011–2012