DOCSLIB.ORG

Blood Red Sun

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Blood Red Sun Blood Red Sun by Stephen Mertz, 1947– Published: 1989 J J J J J I I I I I Table of Contents Dedication Prologue & Chapter 1 … thru … Chapter 31 Epilogue J J J J J I I I I I For Patricia Donnelly Prologue August 1945 Hitler had fallen, but the war in the Pacific raged on. The Japanese refused to surrender. An ancient, proud, warrior race, their cities leveled by bombing raids and the first use of nuclear weapons in war, their naval forces and infantry defeated across the Pacific, Japan fought on. In Tokyo, in the corridors of crumbling power, some of those who remained did counsel surrender, but to most of the military commanders—and to other, more shadowy factions of power within Japan, many of them descended from the legendary samurai warriors of feudal Japan—the concept of surrender was inconceivable. Both their personal code of valor and the code of the samurai commanded death before the dishonor of surrender. The juggernaut that was the Allied war machine occupied the hard-won Philippines and was poised to strike at the heart of mainland Japan. A drawn-out, bloody invasion was anticipated… Chapter 1 The ruins of Manila baked beneath a hazy gray sky. At ten o'clock in the morning, the air was already muggy, oppressive. General Douglas MacArthur, supreme commander for the Allied powers, sat behind a wide desk in front of double windows overlooking what remained of a once beautiful city. A firm jawline, jutting like the prow of a destroyer, and a sharpness of eye and gesture belied his sixty-three years. Grouped folders, dispatches and communiqués were carefully arranged on the desk top. A pipe, not the famous corncob but a battered meerschaum, rested in a glass ashtray. A ceiling fan barely disturbed the sweltering air. Sounds of machinery and Filipino workmen clearing away rubble from across the street drifted through the open windows. The Manila City Hall had somehow miraculously escaped the devastation wrought by a brutal block-by-block defense of trapped Japanese troops six months earlier. For this reason, and because of its central location, it became General Headquarters for the occupying American force. The entire top floor was now MacArthur's headquarters. MacArthur's private office was plain, austere, the walls bare of maps or anything else except for one picture of Washington and one of Lincoln. In addition to the desk, the furnishings consisted only of a couch, one bookcase and a few chairs, two of which were presently occupied. It had become MacArthur's routine to begin each day with a private high-level briefing attended only by his senior generals: Krueger, who commanded the Sixth Army, and Eichelberger, commander of the Eighth. On this morning of August 14, an orderly had barely departed after serving the men coffee when MacArthur initiated the briefing proper with a sudden look across his desk at Eichelberger. "You said you had something that couldn't wait, Bob. Let's get right to it, shall we?" The cadence of speech was oratorical but the tone was conversational, pitched in a warm, rich baritone. Robert Eichelberger was a thin-faced man with wiry black hair. In the months following the Allied landings, his Eighth Army had been engaged in reconquering the southern islands of the Philippines. "Last night a Nip major on Mindanao marched what was left of his command down out of the jungle," he said. "They surrendered to one of our units near Butuan." "Let me guess. Your Jap commander said he and his men knew they were done for, they knew our boys were closing in, and he couldn't stand to see any more of his boys committing suicide to 'save face.' My field units have run into the same thing." Walter Krueger was heavyset and rosy cheeked despite being well beyond middle age. His force had been assigned the task of clearing Luzon of 170,000 enemy troops dug into the mountainous jungles of the northern provinces, the largest Japanese army in the Pacific. "He's been cooperative as hell," Eichelberger said, "but there wasn't much he could tell us that we didn't already know. The one piece of news he did hand us was a doozey and here it is. Seems a general right here on Luzon is planning a major counteroffensive against us any day now. A General Goro." "Well now, that is most interesting." MacArthur registered a smile that was fleeting, humorless. "Especially in view of what Walter here was telling me just before you arrived. But we'll get to that. Continue, Bob." "Our P.O.W. says all he knows is that Goro has established communications between enemy holdout units spread all across the northern provinces. He's not massing his forces. The P.O.W. major says he doesn't know Goro's timetable or exactly what Goro has in mind but it's going to happen soon. Considering that the information was freely given, I'm inclined to believe him." Eichelberger eyed Krueger. "Now what's this news of yours, Walter?" "A fresh intelligence report from a Filipino guerrilla unit operating north of Malolos was waiting for me on my desk this morning," said Krueger. "They have located an enemy base camp, what looks like a major staging area, five kilometers north of Malolos. The commander of that force is believed to be General Goro. I was submitting to the general here before you arrived that we put in for an air strike at once and blow the bastards to hell. That ought to squash any counteroffensive." Eichelberger nodded. "Sounds good to me." MacArthur spoke after a contemplative pause. "It doesn't sound good to me. We want to stop Goro, yes, but I want him alive." "Alive?" Krueger frowned. "Excuse me, General," said Eichelberger, "but I don't understand sparing Goro, knowing that he has a counteroffensive in the works, especially in light of what's been occupying the majority of your time." "You mean Operation Olympic ." The Philippines were to become the main base from which, in November, an army of five million men would invade Japan. "It is certainly true that that operation has been my principle concern of late," MacArthur conceded, "but there is a new wrinkle, gentlemen, which you have heard me predict. There is peace in the air, believe it or not. As we speak, the Japanese are considering total surrender." "Makes sense that they would," said Eichelberger, "considering what we did to those two cities of theirs." It was eight days since the devastation of Hiroshima, five days since Nagasaki. "Washington spends millions of dollars and man hours and thousands of lives to secure the Philippines for an invasion of Japan," said MacArthur, "and two bombs change everything." Krueger was still frowning. "General, I appreciate that you possess a keen understanding of the Asian mentality, but this imminent surrender you speak of is only supposition on our part. We have no intel from inside Japan to substantiate it." MacArthur picked the meerschaum from the ashtray and studied the pipe as if considering the advisability of a smoke. "Let me put it this way. This war is almost over, one way or another, and we will win. And when we have won, our biggest immediate problem will be those Japanese in the military who will not surrender, in Japan and throughout the Pacific. If the Japanese government chooses not to surrender, for whatever misguided reasons of their own, and we are compelled to invade the Japanese mainland, we're going to need every man we've got. Yes, we must stop Goro's counter offense and the only effective way of doing so will be to have him alive. Remember, according to our information, he is not massing his forces, which means his planned counteroffensive will consist of perhaps dozens of synchronized strikes against us where we are weakest. If we have Goro alive, he can be persuaded, I am sure, to transmit radio messages cancelling such attacks." Krueger's frown softened. "I see what you mean. You're right, of course." "When Tokyo does surrender, which I assure you will happen and sooner than many of us may think, those militarist factions that refuse to surrender will continue to fight on against us to the last man regardless of their Emperor's or their general's wishes. I know this will happen. It is not in the Japanese character to surrender. Well, we can't very well do anything about such elements inside Japan until we get there." He set the meerschaum back in the ashtray and lifted his eyes to the men seated before him. "But we can initiate measures to deal with the fanatical elements dug in throughout these islands. If General Goro is capable of pulling together a counteroffensive of such magnitude as we've been led to believe, then he is an influential commander to be sure. A man to be reckoned with. A man to be used." "If we can get this Goro under control now," Eichelberger said, "that would be one hell of a persuasive example to get the other holdouts down out of the mountains instead of fighting on when the time comes. Having Goro alive could be invaluable." "There's the rub of it." Krueger was frowning again. "I just don't see how it's possible to take Goro alive if he doesn't want to surrender, and this counteroffensive he's supposed to have cooking is proof enough that he has no intention of surrendering.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rising the Enemy. Stalin, Truman and Surrender of Japan. T. Hasegawa .Pdf
    RACING THE ENEMY RACING THE ENEMY stalin, truman, and the surrender of japan tsuyoshi hasegawa the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, England 2005 Copyright © 2005 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 1941– Racing the enemy : Stalin, Truman, and the surrender of Japan / Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-674-01693-9 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Armistices. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Japan. 3. World War, 1939–1945—Soviet Union. 4. World War, 1939–1945— United States. 5. World politics—1933–1945. I. Title. D813.J3H37 2005 940.53′2452—dc22 2004059786 In memory of Boris Nikolaevich Slavinsky, my friend and colleague, who did not see the fruit of our collaboration Contents Maps viii Note on Transliteration and Spelling ix Introduction: Race to the Finish 1 1. Triangular Relations and the Pacific War 7 2. Stalin, Truman, and Hirohito Face New Challenges 45 3. Decisions for War and Peace 89 4. Potsdam: The Turning Point 130 5. The Atomic Bombs and Soviet Entry into the War 177 6. Japan Accepts Unconditional Surrender 215 7. August Storm: The Soviet-Japanese War and the United States 252 Conclusion: Assessing the Roads Not Taken 290 Abbreviations 307 Notes 309 Acknowledgments 363 Index 367 Illustrations follow pages 132 and 204 Maps 1 Japan at War, 1945 9 2 August Storm 196 3 Central Tokyo 246 4 Soviets’ Kuril Operation 257 5 Battle of Shimushu 261 Note on Transliteration and Spelling For Russian words, I have used the Library of Congress translitera- tion system except for well-known terms such as Yalta and Mikoyan when they appear in the text; in the citations, I retain Ialtinskaia konferentsiia and Mikoian.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Tank 290 Message Center
    AT 290 MESSAGE CENTER FALL EDITION SEPTEMBER 20 04 Notes from the Editor: Ray Smith For many of the past months in 2004, Alfred Roxburgh (CN-289), Jay Puckett (the son of a now- deceased past member of L-290), and myself (M/C Editor Ray Smith) have been engaged in compiling a name and organization listing of 75 th post-WW2 deceased. Our objective for this seemingly morbid task has been to establish a database, which when coupled with a current Association Roster, might provide helpful responses to queries regarding whether and how a given family might track the war histories of its departed 75 th loved one. We began and have pursued this task mainly be scanning the "Taps" columns and other news items printed in past issues of the 75 th Association's " Bulgebusters " newsletter. But we also used any other sources that became available to us during the course of the search. However, archived copies of the BB available to us were limited to issues published from about 1965 or later. Thus, if any of you have earlier ones, we could sure use any information they might report about deceased comrades, their names, the organization to which they belonged, date of decease, and the source of the information (e.g., the date of the BB). You can send such information to AL or me or even directly to Jay Puckett at the addresses listed on page 7. Unfortunately, we have been unable to interest and thereby enlist the help of the 75th Association's present secretariat, a resident of Indianapolis.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan + Maryland B.Pdf
    The Brief Wondrous Tournament of WAO - Málà Yousufzai, served extra spicy Editors: Will Alston, Joey Goldman, James Lasker, Jason Cheng, Naveed Chowdhury, and Jonathan Luck, with writing assistance from Athena Kern and Shan Kothari. Packet by Michigan and Maryland B TOSSUPS 1. One of this author’s characters angrily kicks his pregnant dog, inducing a miscarriage, when his father doesn’t come home. Another of this author’s characters cries “Ain’t I got beauty too?” while reminiscing about his mother and his conversations are frequently interrupted by the sound of an alarm. A character created by this author dies when a wall falls on him while he is trying to save a baby from the slum clearance crews, and is friends with the Butcher, who kills people by stabbing them in the heart with a bicycle spoke. soaks his feet every night after getting home from his job as a (*) gatekeeper at the zoo. A character created by this author never ends up meeting his pen pal, Ethel Lange, and is resentful of the fact that his brother has lighter skin than him and can pass for white. This author of Tsotsi wrote a play about the brothers Morrie and Zachariah. For 10 points, name this South African author of Blood Knot. ANSWER: (Harold) Athol (Lanigan) Fugard 2. The speaker of a poem by this author opens, “The last twenty years were good for practically everybody / save the dead.” This author suggests that “Maybe the Almighty Himself has turned a bit bourgeois / and uses a credit card” in “Transatlantic.” A poem by this author remarks that “one last verse /
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 160501 (PDF)
    RAO BULLETIN 1 May 2016 PDF Edition THIS BULLETIN CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES Pg Article Subject * DOD * . 04 == Stars and Stripes [01] -------------- (May Be Silenced by Funding Cuts) 05 == DoD Religious Expression [04] ---------- (U.S. Court of Appeals Case) 07 == Commissary Prices [04] ------- (Draft Bill Eliminates At-Cost Pricing) 08 == Selective Service System [17] --- (May be Headed for the Scrap Heap) 09 == Selective Service System [18] -------- (HASC | Women Must Register) 09 == BRAC [47] ------------ (DoD Sends Congress Excess Capacity Report) 10 == BRAC [48] -------------------- (Pentagon May Start Unilateral Closures) 11 == BRAC [49] --------------- (HASC Democrat Seeks Base Closures Law) 12 == Toxic Exposure | Wurtsmith AFB ------------------ (PFC Tainted Water) 15 == State Sponsored Terrorism ----------- (State Linked to Act can be Sued) 16 == Arlington National Cemetery [58] --- (38 Acre Expansion Assessment) 17 == POW/MIA [72] ----------------- (North Korea Hands Over 17 Remains) 18 == POW/MIA Recoveries ------------------ (Reported 16 thru 30 Apr 2016) * VA * . 21 == VA Prosthetics [14] -------- (A Giant Step for Veteran Amputees | POP) 22 == VA Appeals [23] ------------------ (COA Rules in Favor of Staab | $48k) 24 == VA Commission on Care [04] -- (VA Leadership Updates Commission) 25 == VA Commission on Care [05] ----- (MOAA | Fix, Don’t Dismantle VA) 26 == VA Privatization [03] ---------------- (Evidence Does Not Support Need) 27 == VA Medical Marijuana [19] --------------- (DEA Approves PTSD Study) 28 == VA Women
    [Show full text]
  • Surrender of Japan 1 Surrender of Japan
    Surrender of Japan 1 Surrender of Japan The surrender of Japan brought hostilities in World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders at the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War (the "Big Six") were privately making entreaties to the neutral Soviet Union, to mediate peace on terms favorable to the Japanese. The Soviets, meanwhile, were preparing to attack the Japanese, in fulfillment of their promises to the Americans and the British made at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences. Japanese foreign affairs minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on board USS Missouri as General Richard K. Sutherland On August 6, the Americans dropped an watches, September 2, 1945 atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Late in the evening of August 8, in accordance with Yalta agreements but in violation of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, it invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Later that day the Americans dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. The combined shock of these events caused Emperor Hirohito to intervene and order the Big Six to accept the terms for ending the war that the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration. After several more days of behind-the-scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'état, Hirohito gave a recorded radio address to the nation on August 15.
    [Show full text]
  • INSTRUMENT of SURRENDER We, Acting by Command of and in Behalf
    INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which my be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control. We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Japan's Longest Day by Pacific War Research Society Japan's Longest Day
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Japan's Longest Day by Pacific War Research Society Japan's Longest Day. We don't know about any reviews for this book Japan's Longest Day (#) by Pacific War Research Society. Пов’язані книги. We are aware of 5 similar reference publications related to "Japanese soldiers (WW2)". Запаси. Список бажань (0 товаришів) Запаси (2 товаришів) Стрічка новин. The newsfeed doesn't contain any items. Більше про Japanese soldiers (WW2) Search for Japanese soldiers (WW2) and quickly find all products, articles, walkarounds and books related to this topic. Нові релізи (Люди (Друга світова війна)) Гарячі моделі (Люди (Друга світова війна)) New Quick looks. Майбутні події. We use cookies to give you a great and free experience. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your Cookie settings at any time. (Essential cookies are for: preferences, security, performance analytics and contextual advertising) Japan's Longest Day. We don't know about any reviews for this book Japan's Longest Day (#) by Pacific War Research Society. Related books. We are aware of 5 similar reference publications related to "Japanese soldiers (WW2)". Stash. Wishlist (0 mates) Stash (2 mates) News Feed. The newsfeed doesn't contain any items. More about Japanese soldiers (WW2) Search for Japanese soldiers (WW2) and quickly find all products, articles, walkarounds and books related to this topic. New releases (Humans (World War II)) Hot kits (Humans (World War II)) New Quick looks. Upcoming events. We use cookies to give you a great and free experience. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Regional Bee Round 4
    NHBB Middle School Bee Regionals 2017-2018 Round 4 Round 4 Bee Questions (1) This man founded the Albany Regency but later broke with them over the morality of slavery. In 1848, this man was nominated by the Free Soil Party but failed to defeat Zachary Taylor. This man was blamed for the Panic of 1837 which contributed to his defeat by William Henry Harrison in the Election of 1840. Dutch was the primary language of, for the point, what politician who succeeded Andrew Jackson as president? ANSWER: Martin van Buren (2) This country opened itself to foreign trade with the Bowring Treaty. Taksin established this country after the fall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom to invading Burmese forces. This country was the only Southeast Asian nation never colonized by Europeans. Numerous kings named Rama have controlled, for the point, what country, formerly known as Siam, run from Bangkok? ANSWER: Thailand (accept Siam before it is read) (3) This feature may be classified as \blind thrust," such as one in Northridge, or \transform," when it lies along a boundary. Another disaster that began at one of these locations set America's first Chinatown on fire and killed thousands in San Francisco in 1906. For the point, name these fractures in the Earth's crust, such as California's San Andreas, along which earthquakes often start. ANSWER: fault line (4) This event's survivors were hunted down the next day resulting in the Drexel Mission Fight. The deaf Black Coyote's refusal to give up his rifle sparked this event. This event was partially caused by Wovoka's Ghost Dance movement which fueled American fears of an attack.
    [Show full text]
  • USS BRISTOL DD 857 VETERANS ASSOCIATION Ussbristoldd857.Org Editor: [email protected]
    Winter 2015/2016 January 21, 2016 USS BRISTOL DD 857 VETERANS ASSOCIATION ussbristoldd857.org Editor: [email protected] In This Issue Operation Ivy Bells………….…1 Luck……………………….……3 An Experience To Recall………4 Student Who Got 0%………….5 Japan’s Coup de tat……………5 Ben Stein’s Thoughts…………..8 As We Grow Older….………….9 Gulf of Tonkin………………….9 Humor…………………………14 Some Good Things To Know…. 15 Kilroy was Here………………16 A Man’s Age ………………….17 Old Friends……………………18 Rare and weird facts about World War II………………….19 Snippets………………………..20 Operation Ivy Bells believed that he could find the tiny Desert Storm………………….22 Soviet cable under the immense The Story of Vittles, the Boxer, Charlie Weaver forwarded this article from Together We Served expanse of the ocean. Bradley During Berlin Airlift………….22 remembered the signs that he saw Why Do Navy Planes Have during his childhood along the Tailhooks?…………………….23 Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction. Mississippi River warning boaters The Last Wishes of Alexander not to anchor near cables. He the Great………………………23 rationalized that the Soviet’s would Jim Martin, WWII, The Regulus guided missile submarine, USS Halibut (SSN use similar signs and lead him right Paratrooper…………………..23 to his target. Bradley’s theory Deep Dive USS Chopper SS 587) which carried out Operation Ivy Bells. proved correct when the Halibut 342……………………………..24 located a series of such signs in the Company Memo………………28 Nearly 400 feet beneath the Northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, Snipes Lament………………..29 after an arduous search. Seven Little Stories…………..30 frigid waters of the Sea of Okhotsk, deep inside Soviet The divers found the cable and Koren War Mural……………30 installed a 20-foot long listening Obit: MOH Awardee………..30 territorial waters, the divers stayed alive only by the device on the cable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Voice of the Crane • There Is No Other Way • De Laatste
    Index THE VOICE OF THE CRANE THERE IS NO OTHER WAY DE LAATSTE DAG VAN DE SAMOERAI THE VOICE OF THE CRANE In juli 1945 begaven de geallieerde leiders zich naar Potsdam en aan de vooravond van de eerste werkbespreking op 16 juli 1945 kreeg Truman het bericht dat in New Mexico met succes een kernbom tot ontploffing was gebracht. Hij lichtte Churchill in die onmiddellijk antwoordde dat ze 'de Russen niet meer nodig zouden hebben' als de Amerikanen de atoombommen werkelijk tegen Japan zouden gebruiken Truman besloot Stalin niet van de details op de hoogte te brengen en zei tussen neus en lippen door, dat Amerika over een machtig nieuw wapen tegen Japan beschikte. Stalin gaf slechts blijk van beleefde belangstelling. Hij zelf bracht Konoye's voorstel ter sprake om naar Moskou te komen voor onderhandelingen. Stalin had zich voorgenomen dat het Russische leger begin augustus Mantsjoerije binnen zou vallen. Truman gaf hem de vrije hand voor zijn antwoord aan Konoye en Stalin zei dat hij de Japanners aan het lijntje zou houden. De Japanse afgezant Sato werd ten slotte door de plaatsvervanger van Molotov ontvangen, en kreeg alleen te horen dat Konoye's voorstel te vaag was om een bezoek aan Moskou mogelijk te maken. Na de conferentie werd in de Verklaring van Potsdam het geallieerde ultimatum aan Japan opgenomen voor een unconditional surrender. De tekst bood Hirohito de opening voor een snel en positief antwoord, waarop Truman alsnog de atoombomaanvallen op Hiroshima en Nagasaki had kunnen afgelasten. De Verklaring van Postdam noemde de keizer niet, maar tussen de regels door viel te lezen dat het keizerschap gehandhaafd kon worden.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Times Intertwined
    Table of Contents Times Intertwined .................................................................................................................. 1358 Animal Intelligence ................................................................................................................. 1358 Perception ................................................................................................................................ 1358 Pulling the Blinds .................................................................................................................... 1359 The Slide-ways View ............................................................................................................... 1361 Majik ......................................................................................................................................... 1361 Farsight ..................................................................................................................................... 1362 Let My People Go ................................................................................................................... 1363 A Bowl of Biskies .................................................................................................................. 1364 De-Mystification ...................................................................................................................... 1365 Magical Thinking ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Palmer, Gina Thesis FINAL
    Truman's Countdown to Kyushu: Reassessing Pacific War Data and Decisions (February-August 1945) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37736791 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA i Truman’s Countdown to Kyushu: Reassessing Pacific War Data and Decisions (February-August 1945) Gina Palmer A Thesis in the Field of International Relations For the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts, Harvard Extension Studies Harvard University November 2017 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................. 6 Research Plan ............................................................................................ 10 II. TERRITORY CONTROL: an Indicator of Capacity? .............................................. 17 History of Territory Control in the Pacific ............................................... 18 The Nimitz Gray Book Data ..................................................................... 23 Territory Resistance Analysis ................................................................... 29 III.
    [Show full text]