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Introduction, the Constitution of the State of Connecticut
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Government, Politics & Global Studies Publications 2011 Introduction, The onsC titution of the State of Connecticut Gary L. Rose Sacred Heart University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/gov_fac Part of the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Rose, Gary L., "Introduction, The onC stitution of the State of Connecticut" (2011). Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Publications. Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/gov_fac/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Government, Politics & Global Studies at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTRODUCTION Connecticut license plates boldly bear the inscription, “the Constitution State.” This is due to Connecticut’s long and proud tradition of self-government under the protection of a written constitution. Connecticut’s constitutional tradition can be traced to the Fundamental Orders of 1639. Drafted by repre- sentatives from the three Connecticut River towns of Hartford, Wethersfi eld and Windsor, the Fundamental Orders were the very fi rst constitution known to humankind. The Orders were drafted completely free of British infl uence and established what can be considered as the fi rst self-governing colony in North America. Moreover, Connecticut’s Fundamental Orders can be viewed as the foundation for constitutional government in the western world. In 1662, the Fundamental Orders were replaced by a Royal Charter. Granted to Connecticut by King Charles II, the Royal Charter not only embraced the principles of the Fundamental Orders, but also formally recognized Connecticut’s system of self-government. -
The Governors of Connecticut, 1905
ThegovernorsofConnecticut Norton CalvinFrederick I'his e dition is limited to one thousand copies of which this is No tbe A uthor Affectionately Dedicates Cbis Book Co George merriman of Bristol, Connecticut "tbe Cruest, noblest ana Best friend T €oer fia<T Copyrighted, 1 905, by Frederick Calvin Norton Printed by Dorman Lithographing Company at New Haven Governors Connecticut Biographies o f the Chief Executives of the Commonwealth that gave to the World the First Written Constitution known to History By F REDERICK CALVIN NORTON Illustrated w ith reproductions from oil paintings at the State Capitol and facsimile sig natures from official documents MDCCCCV Patron's E dition published by THE CONNECTICUT MAGAZINE Company at Hartford, Connecticut. ByV I a y of Introduction WHILE I w as living in the home of that sturdy Puritan governor, William Leete, — my native town of Guil ford, — the idea suggested itself to me that inasmuch as a collection of the biographies of the chief executives of Connecticut had never been made, the work would afford an interesting and agreeable undertaking. This was in the year 1895. 1 began the task, but before it had far progressed it offered what seemed to me insurmountable obstacles, so that for a time the collection of data concerning the early rulers of the state was entirely abandoned. A few years later the work was again resumed and carried to completion. The manuscript was requested by a magazine editor for publication and appeared serially in " The Connecticut Magazine." To R ev. Samuel Hart, D.D., president of the Connecticut Historical Society, I express my gratitude for his assistance in deciding some matters which were subject to controversy. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early M
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in English by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 © Copyright by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia by Sara Victoria Torres Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Christine Chism, Co-chair Professor Lowell Gallagher, Co-chair My dissertation, “Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia,” traces the legacy of dynastic internationalism in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early-seventeenth centuries. I argue that the situated tactics of courtly literature use genealogical and geographical paradigms to redefine national sovereignty. Before the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, before the divorce trials of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s, a rich and complex network of dynastic, economic, and political alliances existed between medieval England and the Iberian kingdoms. The marriages of John of Gaunt’s two daughters to the Castilian and Portuguese kings created a legacy of Anglo-Iberian cultural exchange ii that is evident in the literature and manuscript culture of both England and Iberia. Because England, Castile, and Portugal all saw the rise of new dynastic lines at the end of the fourteenth century, the subsequent literature produced at their courts is preoccupied with issues of genealogy, just rule, and political consent. Dynastic foundation narratives compensate for the uncertainties of succession by evoking the longue durée of national histories—of Trojan diaspora narratives, of Roman rule, of apostolic foundation—and situating them within universalizing historical modes. -
Nelson Novoa, James W., Being the Nação in the Eternal City. New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome
Nelson Novoa, James W., Being the Nação in the Eternal City. New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome. Portuguese Studies Review Monograph Series, vol. 2. Peterborough: Baywolf Press, 343 pp., 2014. ISBN: 9780921437529. Antonio J. Díaz Rodríguez1 Once again, the study of the world of conversos in early modern Iberia has demonstrated its enormous potential. With this book, Professor James W. Nelson Novoa, currently undertaking research at the University of Ottawa, fills a number of gaps in the historiography. First, because up to now there has been a notable lack of studies centered specifically on the New Christian Portuguese community in sixteenth-century Rome. Secondly, because his analysis goes far beyond questions of ethnicity and religion. All too often, the study of judeoconversos both in and beyond the Iberian Peninsula has relied over-heavily on Inquisition sources. Clearly, this documentation is fundamental, but it still remains only partial. This has meant that attention has been focused on only a small segment of this minority. In some cases, this has happened through convenience, and, in other cases, as a result of a particular—and, I believe, excessively reductionist— historiographical perspective, though I shall not comment further on that here. We might say that we have not been able to see the judeoconversos for the Judaizers. Fortunately, things have moved on in terms of the historiography of this minority population of the Iberian Peninsula. James Nelson’s book constitutes a welcome step forward in the study of Portuguese conversos who chose to live in Rome either temporarily or permanently, in diverse situations, and for varied reasons. -
Gustav V, King of Sweden (1858-1950) by Tina Gianoulis
Gustav V, King of Sweden (1858-1950) by Tina Gianoulis Encyclopedia Copyright © 2015, glbtq, Inc. Entry Copyright © 2005, glbtq, inc. Reprinted from http://www.glbtq.com A photograph of Crown Prince Gustav V of Sweden created in 1874. The last Swedish king to exert direct power over his nation's government, King Gustav Gustav ascended to the V was a memorable personality and a bisexual. Though his reign ended under a cloud throne in 1907. of scandal, he was instrumental in keeping his country neutral through two devastating world wars, passing progressive social legislation, and maintaining economic prosperity. Oscar Gustaf Adolf, who would later become Gustav, or Gustavus V, was born on June 16, 1858, in Stockholm's magnificent Drottningholm Palace. He was the eldest son of Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, which were united under one monarch until 1905, when Norway asserted its independence. Though a member of the royal house of Bernadotte, Crown Prince Gustaf was an unassuming young man who did not value regal pretensions. He was educated at the University of Uppsala. On a trip to Britain in 1878, he learned the game of tennis, which became a life-long passion. He often played incognito, under the pseudonym "Mr. G." In 1881, Crown Prince Gustaf married Victoria of Baden, a political union that united the Bernadottes with the former Swedish royal house of Vasa. Though they had three sons, the couple did not have a close relationship. Victoria's health was not good and she spent many months each year at the Swedish resort island of Solliden, Öland or on Capri in Italy. -
Prince Henry the Navigator, Who Brought This Move Ment of European Expansion Within Sight of Its Greatest Successes
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com PrinceHenrytheNavigator CharlesRaymondBeazley 1 - 1 1 J fteroes of tbe TRattong EDITED BY Sveltn Bbbott, flD.B. FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD PACTA DUOS VIVE NT, OPEROSAQUE OLMIA MHUM.— OVID, IN LI VI AM, f«». THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE. PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR GATEWAY AT BELEM. WITH STATUE, BETWEEN THE DOORS, OF PRINCE HENRY IN ARMOUR. Frontispiece. 1 1 l i "5 ' - "Hi:- li: ;, i'O * .1 ' II* FV -- .1/ i-.'..*. »' ... •S-v, r . • . '**wW' PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR THE HERO OF PORTUGAL AND OF MODERN DISCOVERY I 394-1460 A.D. WITH AN ACCOUNr Of" GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS THROUGH OUT THE MIDDLE AGLi> AS THE PREPARATION FOR KIS WORlf' BY C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., F.R.G.S. FELLOW OF MERTON 1 fr" ' RifrB | <lvFnwn ; GEOGRAPHICAL STUDEN^rf^fHB-SrraSR^tttpXFORD, 1894 ule. Seneca, Medea P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON Cbe Knicftetbocftet press 1911 fe'47708A . A' ;D ,'! ~.*"< " AND TILDl.N' POL ' 3 -P. i-X's I_ • •VV: : • • •••••• Copyright, 1894 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Entered at Stationers' Hall, London Ube ftntcfeerbocfter press, Hew Iffotfc CONTENTS. PACK PREFACE Xvii INTRODUCTION. THE GREEK AND ARABIC IDEAS OF THE WORLD, AS THE CHIEF INHERITANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN MIDDLE AGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE . I CHAPTER I. EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS (CIRCA 333-867) . 29 CHAPTER II. VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN (CIRCA 787-1066) . -
The Roman Theocracy and the Republic, 1846-1849
^ney //n-ivm'iU^ ,-^ ^ c/6..y/io>^^ ^y^' wen^ 7/fm rr.jt/i/ </ l(f////</•/mi THE ROMAN THEOCRACY AND THE REPUBLIC .S«a_ The Roman Theocracy and The Republic 1846-1849 BY R. M. JOHNSTON Hontion MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY I9CI jill rights reserved j1(?7^^ HE:NRY morse STePHCNS- — —— CONTENTS CHAPTER I Some Antecedents of the Roman Theocracy PAGE The Papacy and the Roman Empire— Continuity of traditions—Struggle be- tween North and South—Rise of Italian nationalism—Strength and weakness of the Popes—Character of the Italians — Conditions in the States of the Church—Secret Societies—The Memorandum of 183 1 Papal justice—Finance—Administration—The rule of the Theocracy Death of Gregory XVI I CHAPTER n The Election of Pius IX The Amnesty The Conclave summoned—Nationalist influences —The Primato and Ultimi Cast—The Bishop of Imola—His personality and opinions—The Papal election—Lambruschini and Micara—Proclamation of Pius IX—His first acts —The Amnesty—Popular enthusiasm— Metternich's foreboding . 29 CHAPTER HI Italian Sentiment and Parties Unrest of the Peninsula—Kingdom of Sardinia—The Austrian provinces and regime—The writers — Double current of nationalist sentiment— Mazzini and the Gio-vane Italia—Rise and fall of his popularity— Gioberti— His correspondence with Mazzini—The Primato—A remarkable prophecy Balbo—D' Azeglio—His interview with Charles Albert —Antagonism of democrats and Albertists . -41 511196 — ri THE ROMAN THEOCRACY CHAPTER IV Early Months of the Pontificate—The Congress of Genoa PAGE Popularity of Pius —Difficulty of his position—The Gregorian party opposes him— Gizzi State Secretary—First attempts at reform—Sanfedist agitation — Failure of crops Scientific Congresses Nationalist — — enthusiasm . -
The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the Family, the Fief and the Feudal Monarchy*
© K.S.B. Keats-Rohan 1991. Published Nottingham Mediaeval Studies 36 (1992), 42-78 The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy* In memoriam R.H.C.Davis 1. The Problem (i) the non-Norman Conquest Of all the available studies of the Norman Conquest none has been more than tangentially concerned with the fact, acknowledged by all, that the regional origin of those who participated in or benefited from that conquest was not exclusively Norman. The non-Norman element has generally been regarded as too small to warrant more than isolated comment. No more than a handful of Angevins and Poitevins remained to hold land in England from the new English king; only slightly greater was the number of Flemish mercenaries, while the presence of Germans and Danes can be counted in ones and twos. More striking is the existence of the fief of the count of Boulogne in eastern England. But it is the size of the Breton contingent that is generally agreed to be the most significant. Stenton devoted several illuminating pages of his English Feudalism to the Bretons, suggesting for them an importance which he was uncertain how to define.1 To be sure, isolated studies of these minority groups have appeared, such as that of George Beech on the Poitevins, or those of J.H.Round and more recently Michael Jones on the Bretons.2 But, invaluable as such studies undoubtedly are, they tend to achieve no more for their subjects than the status of feudal curiosities, because they detach their subjects from the wider question of just what was the nature of the post-1066 ruling class of which they formed an integral part. -
History of the Plantagenet Kings of England [email protected]
History of the Plantagenet Kings of England [email protected] http://newsummer.com/presentations/Plantagenet Introduction Plantagenet: Pronunciation & Usage Salic Law: "of Salic land no portion of the inheritance shall come to a woman: but the whole inheritance of the land shall come to the male sex." Primogeniture: inheritance moves from eldest son to youngest, with variations Shakespeare's Plantagenet plays The Life and Death of King John Edward III (probably wrote part of it) Richard II Henry IV, Part 1 Henry IV, Part 2 Henry V Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI, Part 2 Henry VI, Part 3 Richard III Brief assessments The greatest among them: Henry II, Edward I, Edward III The unfulfilled: Richard I, Henry V The worst: John, Edward II, Richard II, Richard III The tragic: Henry VI The Queens Matilda of Scotland, c10801118 (Henry I) Empress Matilda, 11021167 (Geoffrey Plantagent) Eleanor of Aquitaine, c11221204 (Henry II) Isabella of France, c12951348 (Edward II) Margaret of Anjou, 14301482 (Henry VI) Other key notables Richard de Clare "Strongbow," 11301176 William the Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 11471219 Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, c12081265 Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, 12871330 Henry "Hotspur" Percy, 13641403 Richard Neville "The Kingmaker," 14281471 Some of the important Battles Hastings (Wm I, 1066): Conquest Lincoln (Stephen, 1141): King Stephen captured Arsuf (Richard I, 1191): Richard defeats Salidin Bouvines (John, 1214): Normandy lost to the French Lincoln, 2nd (Henry III, 1217): Pembroke defeats -
Kingdom of Sweden
Johan Maltesson A Visitor´s Factbook on the KINGDOM OF SWEDEN © Johan Maltesson Johan Maltesson A Visitor’s Factbook to the Kingdom of Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden 2017 Preface This little publication is a condensed facts guide to Sweden, foremost intended for visitors to Sweden, as well as for persons who are merely interested in learning more about this fascinating, multifacetted and sadly all too unknown country. This book’s main focus is thus on things that might interest a visitor. Included are: Basic facts about Sweden Society and politics Culture, sports and religion Languages Science and education Media Transportation Nature and geography, including an extensive taxonomic list of Swedish terrestrial vertebrate animals An overview of Sweden’s history Lists of Swedish monarchs, prime ministers and persons of interest The most common Swedish given names and surnames A small dictionary of common words and phrases, including a small pronounciation guide Brief individual overviews of all of the 21 administrative counties of Sweden … and more... Wishing You a pleasant journey! Some notes... National and county population numbers are as of December 31 2016. Political parties and government are as of April 2017. New elections are to be held in September 2018. City population number are as of December 31 2015, and denotes contiguous urban areas – without regard to administra- tive division. Sports teams listed are those participating in the highest league of their respective sport – for soccer as of the 2017 season and for ice hockey and handball as of the 2016-2017 season. The ”most common names” listed are as of December 31 2016. -
The English-Language Military Historiography of Gustavus Adolphus in the Thirty Years’ War, 1900-Present Jeremy Murray
Western Illinois Historical Review © 2013 Vol. V, Spring 2013 ISSN 2153-1714 The English-Language Military Historiography of Gustavus Adolphus in the Thirty Years’ War, 1900-Present Jeremy Murray With his ascension to the throne in 1611, following the death of his father Charles IX, Gustavus Adolphus began one of the greatest reigns of any Swedish sovereign. The military exploits of Gustavus helped to ensure the establishment of a Swedish empire and Swedish prominence as a great European power. During his reign of twenty-one years Gustavus instituted significant reforms of the Swedish military. He defeated, in separate wars, Denmark, Poland, and Russia, gaining from the latter two the provinces of Ingria and Livonia. He embarked upon his greatest campaign through Germany, from 1630 to his death at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, during the Thirty Years’ War. Though Gustavus’ achievements against Denmark, Russia, and Poland did much in establishing a Swedish Baltic empire, it was his exploits during the Thirty Years’ War that has drawn the most attention among historians. It was in the Thirty Years’ War that Sweden came to be directly involved in the dealings of the rest of Europe, breaking from its usual preference for staying in the periphery. It was through this involved action that Sweden gained its place among the great powers of Europe. There is much to be said by historians on the military endeavors of Gustavus Adolphus and his role in the Thirty Years’ War. An overwhelming majority of the studies on Gustavus Adolphus in the Thirty Years’ War have been written in German, Swedish, Danish, Russian, Polish, or numerous other European languages. -
Early Sweden Seen Thorough It's Coinage
Mark K. Johnson Michigan State Numismatic Society Sverige Spring 2014 Show March 15, 2014 • Overview of Swedish copper coinage types • Coin types change with monarchs – Overview of Swedish history • Nice old Swedish coppers are reasonably collectable The Swedish Empire was at the height of it’s power in the 1600’s. Politically it is now a constitutional monarchy and Parliamentary democracy, primarily social democratic. Monarchs Major Events Gustav II Adolf (1611-1632) Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Christina (1632-1654) New Sweden Colony (1638-1654) Karl X Gustav (1654-1660) Treaty of Roskilde (1658) Karl XI (1660-1697) Scanian War (1674-1679) Karl XII (1697-1718) Great Northern War (1700-1721) Ulrika Eleonora (1718-1720) Plague and Frost (1708-1712) Frederick I (1720-1751) Treaty of Nystad (1721) Adolf Fredrik (1751-1771) Age of Liberty (1719-1772) Gustav III (1771-1792) Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743) Gustav IV Adolph (1792-1809) Pomeranian War (1757-1762) Karl XIII (1809-1818) Coup of Gustav III (1772) Karl XIV Johan (1818-1844) United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway (1815-1905) • ~ 825 A.D. – Earliest coinage introduced due to Viking Age • ~ 1000 A.D. – Pennies in the names of Scandinavian kings • 12th century – Development of bracteates • ~1521 – Introduction of silver coins by Gustav Vasa marked the end of medieval Scandinavian coinage • 1624 – Introduction of copper coins • 1644 – 1776 – Plate money used until Coinage Act of Nov. 27, 1776 • 1715 – Emergency money issued • 1799 – Redenomination from Ore to Skilling • 1832 – First use of collars in minting process • 1855 – Return to Ore • 1873 – 1 Krona = 100 Ore A version of the Swedish coat of arms and the lesser coat of arms.