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0 S VOLUME 1 PART 1 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA '• FUNGI MYXOMYCETES ^^, CERATIOMYXALES, LICEALES, TRICHIALES, STEMONITALES, PHYSARALES GEORGE WILLARD MARTIN BIBLIOGRAPHY HAROLD WILLIAM RICKETT INDEX -^^rjiLjJäifejs^ ' ni i JL\ ït^^SPlKW X\ l°ll Wlfit^^'ÄW \ 1 /hill \°\frm / ^»^Qlti^P^ - Subscription Price, $5.50 Separate Copies, $7.25 PUBLISHED BY,,, THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN ^ April 29, 1949 «# * '•- W ! ANNOUNCEMENT NORTH AMERICAN FLORA is designed to present in one work descriptions of all plants growing, indépendent of cultivation, in North America, here taken to include Greenland, Central America, the Republic of Panama, and the West Indies, except Trinidad, Tobago, and Curaçao and other islands off the north coast of Venezuela, whose flora is essentially South American. The work will be published in parts at irregular intervals, by the New York Botanical Garden, through the aid of the income of the David tydig Fund bequeathed by Charles P. Daly. It is planned to issue parts as rapidly as they can be prepared, the extent of the work making it possible to commence publication at any number of points. The completed work will form a series of volumes with the following sequence: Volume 1. Myxomycètes, Schizophyta. Volumes 2 to 10. Fungi. Volumes 11 to 13. Algae. Volumes 14 and 15. Bryophyta. Volume 16. Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Volumes 17 to 19. Monocotyledones. Volumes 20 to 34. Dicotylédones. The preparation of the work has been referred to a committee consist- ing of Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr. H, W. Rickett, and Dr. Donald P. Rogers. Dr. Francis W. Pennell, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, and Dr. E. P. Killip, of the United States National Herbarium, have consented to act as an advisory committee. Each author will be wholly responsible for his own contributions, being restricted only by the general style adopted for the work, which must vary somewhat in the treatment of diverse groups. NORTH AMERICAN FLORA is published in parts of variable size; it is ex- pected that four or more parts will be required for each volume. The sub- scription price for all parts published prior to 1936 is fixed at $1.50 for each part; for later parts the price varies with the number of pages. A limited number of separate parts will be sold at an advance of a third above the sub- scription price. THE NEW YORK: BOTANICAL GARDEN NEW YORK 58, N. Y. DIVISION FUNGI BY GEORGE WIIXARD MARTIN Chlorophyll lacking; nutrition heterotrophic. Assimilative phase vary- ing from a single, uninucleate cell to an extensive, semi-naked, multinucleate plasmodium oí to a mycelium composed of numerous branching and often anastomosing hyphae which may be continuous or septate. Reproductive phase sometimes involving the transformation of the entire assimilative thaUus, but more commonly the production of specialized spore-bearing organs, these often organized into fructifications of characteristic form in which spore- formation may be associated with nuclear fusion and reduction. VOLUME 1, PART l, 1948] Class MYXOMYCETES BY GEORGE WIIAARD MARTIN Assimilative phase a multinucleate mass of protoplasm, the plasmodium, naked or in part composed of a system of branching veins in which the active protoplasm is enclosed in an amorphous gelatinous sheath, immersed within the interstices of wood, bark, leaves, dung, soil, or litter, emerging to the sur- face before fructification and capable of movement within or on the substratum. Reproductive phase characterized by spores or spore-like cysts, sometimes borne on individual stalks, usually in the interior of spore cases, these seated on a horny, spongy, or calcareous base, the hypothallus. Spores, on germina- tion, giving rise to one or more naked myxamoebae or flagellated swarm-cells. Under the influence of unfavorable conditions, the plasmodium sometimes transformed into a horny mass, the sclerotium, consisting of multinucleate cell-like units capable of resuming plasmodial characters under favorable circumstances. Spores borne externally on individual stalks, each producing on ger- mination a cluster of eight swarm-cells; hypothallus always well developed, giving rise to erect, often branched, and sometimes anas- tomosing extensions, the sporophores. Subclass 1. EXOSPORBAE. Spores borne internally in fructifications of characteristic form, each producing on germination one or two, rarely more, swarm-cells or myxamoebae; hypothallus occasionally prominent, usually incon- spicuous, sometimes imperceptible. Subclass 2. MYXOGASTRES. Family 1. CERATIOMYXACEAE With the characters of the order. 1. CERATIOMYXA Schroet. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. I1: 16. 1889. Ceralium Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 358. 1805. Not Ceratium Schrank, 1793. With the characters of the family. Type species, Isaria mucida Pers. Fructifications minute, scattered, each composed of a single stalk with a cluster of branches at the tip; spores subglobose, 9-10 a in diameter. 1. C. sphaerosperma. Fructification usually larger, often extensive, the branches taking the form of erect pillars, or these becoming more or less extensively branched or anas- tomosing to form poröse crusts; spores variable, but predominantly oval or elliptic, 10-13 X 6-7 ¡t. 2. C. fruticulosa. 1. Ceratiomyxa sphaerosperma Boedijn, Misc. Zool. Sumatr. 24: 1. 1927. Minute, scattered, loosely gregarious, each fructification composed of a stalk bearing a cluster of arms at the tip, these unbranched or sparsely branched; spore-bearing spicules at the tips of the branches several times as long as those on the sides; spores subglobose, 9-10 n in diameter; plasmodium unknown. TYPB LOCAMTY: Sumatra. HABITAT: Dead wood and plant debris. DISTRIBUTION: Panama Canal Zone; Costa Rica; the Bast Indies. ILLUSTRATION: Mycologia 34: 697, /. 1. 2. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Müll.) Macbr. N. Am. Slime-Moulds 18. 1899. Byssus fruticulosa Müll. Fl. Dan. 12: 6. pi. 718. 1777. TremcUa hydnoides Jacq. Misc. Austr. 1: 145. 1778. Clavaria puccinia Batsch, Elench. Fung. 139. 1783. Clavaria byssoides Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 209. 1791. Puccinia byssoides J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1462. 1791. Isaria mucida Pers. Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 121. 1794. Ceratium hydnoides Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 358. 1805. Ceratium pyxidatum Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 359. 1805. Ceratium porioides Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 359. 1805. Ceratium aureum Link, Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Mag. 7: 39. 1815. Corynoides byssoides S. F. Gray, Nat, Arr. Brit. PI. 1: 654. 1821. Ceratium arbuscula Berk. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 97. 1873. Ceratium filiforme Berk. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 97. 1873. Ceratium crustosum Berk. & Curt.; Berk. Grevillea 3: 62. 1874. Ceratium fuscum Cooke, Grevillea 8: 60. 1879. Ceratium roseum Cooke, Grevillea 8: 60. 1879. Ceratium sphaeroideum Kalchbr. & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 22. 1880. Ceratium mucidum Schroet. Krypt.-Fl. Schles. 31: 101. 1885. Ceratiomyxa mucida Schroet. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. V: 16. 1889. Ceratiomyxa porioides Schroet. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. V: 16. 1889. Ceratiomyxa plumosa Atk. Bot. Gaz. 19: 377. 1894. Ceratiomyxa hydnoidea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3': 507. 1898. Ceratiomyxa caesia Jahn, Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 36: 660. 1919. Ceratiomyxa Freyana Meylan, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sei. Nat. 56: 65. 1925. Fructification white or yellowish, rarely pinkish, apricot, or bluish-green, arising from a broadly effused and sometimes fertile hypothallus as clusters of erect pillars which may remain unbranched or may branch in dendroid fashion, the branches varying from few, short and thick, to very numerous, filiform and anastomosing, rarely forming a fertile crust without erect 7 Order LICEALES Spores in mass pallid, yellow or olivaceous to dingy-blackish, by transmitted light hyaline or subhyaline to smoky, never bright purplish. True capillitium lacking. Pseudocapillitium absent or present, often well developed and con- spicuous. Dictydine granules never present; portions of the sporangium wall not persisting as a preformed net. Fructification of separate sporangia or small plasmodiocarps some- times massed to form a pseudoaethalium; pseudocapillitium lacking or rarely rudimentary. Fam. 1. LICEACEAB. Fructification an aethalium, usually massive, sometimes small and sporangium-like; pseudocapillitium always present. Fam. 2. RETICULARIACBAB. Dictydine granules, i.e., deeply pigmented bodies on the sporangial walls and usually on the spores, always present; a portion of the sporangial wall remaining as a net enclosing the spore chamber (except in Lindbladia). Fam. 3. CRIBRARIACBAB. 11 Family 1. LICEACEAE Fructification of separate sporangia, small plasmodiocarps, or sporangia closely aggregated to form a pseudoaethalium. Capillitium lacking. Pseudo- capillitium occasionally present. Fructifications of separate sporangia or small plasmodiocarps; hypothallus horny, inconspicuous, often not apparent. 1. LICEA. Fructifications densely clustered, forming a pseudoaethalium; hypothallus massive, spongy, forming a cushion or stalk. 2. TUBIPERA. 1. LICEA Schrad. Nov. Gen. PI. 16. 1797. Proloderma Rost. Monog. 90. 1874. Protodermium A. Berl. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 7: 328. 1888. Orcadella Wingate, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1889: 280. 1889. Protodermodium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 867. 1891. Hymenobolus Zukal, Oesterr. Bot. Zeits. 43: 73. 1893. Not Hymenobolus Dur. & Mont. 1845. Hymenobolina Zukal, Oesterr. Bot. Zeits. 43: 133. 1893. Kleistobolus Lippert, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 44: Abh. 70. 1894. Fructifications of small, sessile or stalked sporangia or of small plasmodiocarps. Capilli- tium lacking. Spores in mass usually dingy, pallid, ochraceous, olivaceous,
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  • Biodiversity of Plasmodial Slime Moulds (Myxogastria): Measurement and Interpretation

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    Protistology 1 (4), 161–178 (2000) Protistology August, 2000 Biodiversity of plasmodial slime moulds (Myxogastria): measurement and interpretation Yuri K. Novozhilova, Martin Schnittlerb, InnaV. Zemlianskaiac and Konstantin A. Fefelovd a V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, b Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia, U.S.A., c Volgograd Medical Academy, Department of Pharmacology and Botany, Volgograd, Russia, d Ural State University, Department of Botany, Yekaterinburg, Russia Summary For myxomycetes the understanding of their diversity and of their ecological function remains underdeveloped. Various problems in recording myxomycetes and analysis of their diversity are discussed by the examples taken from tundra, boreal, and arid areas of Russia and Kazakhstan. Recent advances in inventory of some regions of these areas are summarised. A rapid technique of moist chamber cultures can be used to obtain quantitative estimates of myxomycete species diversity and species abundance. Substrate sampling and species isolation by the moist chamber technique are indispensable for myxomycete inventory, measurement of species richness, and species abundance. General principles for the analysis of myxomycete diversity are discussed. Key words: slime moulds, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, biodiversity, ecology, distribu- tion, habitats Introduction decay (Madelin, 1984). The life cycle of myxomycetes includes two trophic stages: uninucleate myxoflagellates General patterns of community structure of terrestrial or amoebae, and a multi-nucleate plasmodium (Fig. 1). macro-organisms (plants, animals, and macrofungi) are The entire plasmodium turns almost all into fruit bodies, well known. Some mathematics methods are used for their called sporocarps (sporangia, aethalia, pseudoaethalia, or studying, from which the most popular are the quantita- plasmodiocarps).
  • A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi

    A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi

    A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona.