Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Farmácia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Farmácia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS Análise química, avaliação da atividade antioxidante e obtenção de culturas in vitro de espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul ANA PAULA MACHADO BERNARDI PORTO ALEGRE, 2007. 2 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS Análise química, avaliação da atividade antioxidante e obtenção de culturas in vitro de espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul Tese apresentada por Ana Paula Machado Bernardi para obtenção do TÍTULO DE DOUTOR em Ciências Farmacêuticas Orientador: Profa. Dr. Gilsane Lino von Poser Co-orientador: Profa. Dr. Sandra Beatriz Rech 3 Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, em nível de Doutorado, da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e aprovada em 09/04/2007, pela Banca Examinadora constituída por: Profa. Dr. Alexandra Latini Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Prof. Dr. Arthur Germano Fett Neto Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Prof. Dr. José Angelo Silveira Zuanazzi Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul B523a Bernardi, Ana Paula Machado Análise química, avaliação da atividade antioxidante e obtenção de culturas in vitro de espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul / Ana Paula Machado Bernardi – Porto Alegre, UFRGS : 2007. - xxii, 342 p. : il., gráf., tab. Tese (doutorado). UFRGS. Faculdade de Farmácia. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. 1. Hypericum. 2. Guttiferae. 3. Atividade antioxidante. 4. Compostos fenólicos. I. Von Poser, Gilsane Lino. II. Rech, Sandra Beatriz. III. Título. CDU: 615.322:582.824 Bibliotecárias responsáveis: Margarida Maria Cordeiro Fonseca Ferreira, CRB 10/480 Heloísa do Canto Canabarro, CRB 10/1036 4 Descobri como é bom chegar quando se tem paciência, e para chegar onde quer que seja, aprendi que não é preciso dominar a força, mas a razão. É PRECISO, ANTES DE MAIS NADA, QUERER. Amyr Klink 5 6 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pelas oportunidades que cruzaram e que ainda hão de cruzar em meu caminho. À querida professora Dr. Gilsane Lino von Poser, pela amizade, confiança e orientação iniciados com a iniciação científica e fortalecidos com a pós-graduação. À querida professora Dr. Sandra Beatriz Rech, igualmente pela amizade, orientação e dedicação no auxílio ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Aos professores Dr. Eduardo Lissi, pela oportunidade de desenvolvimento de parte deste trabalho no Departamento de Ciencias Químicas da Facultad de Química y Biología da Universidad de Santiago de Chile, e Dr. Raquel Bridi, cujos conhecimentos dos mecanismos antioxidantes foram imprescindíveis para o entendimento dos resultados apresentados. Ao querido botânico Dr. Sérgio Bordignon, pela identificação do material vegetal utilizado neste trabalho e, principalmente, pela alegria e bons momentos compartilhados na época das coletas. À querida amiga Natasha Maurmann, pela sempre disponível ajuda nos experimentos de cultivo in vitro, e auxílio nas análises estatísticas. Aos meus grandes amigos do coração Alexandre Ferraz, Carolina Nör e Daniela Albring, pela troca de conhecimentos, amizade e terapia em grupo realizada durante os momentos difíceis. Às minhas amigas especiais e autênticas “gnosetes” Camila Sebben, Ana Cristina Fonseca e Liziane da Luz, pela alegria e descontração de sempre, cuja amizade iniciada na faculdade foi fortalecida pela iniciação científica. 7 Às queridas amigas e incansáveis ajudantes, Juliana Hass, Kênia Figueredo, e Jéssica Nunes, pelo auxílio dedicado para a realização dos experimentos. À grande amiga Marga, pelos cuidados dedicados desde o meu nascimento, pela torcida ao meu sucesso e pelos ensinamentos cristãos e palavras de apoio durante os momentos de necessidade. Aos meus amados padrinhos, tio Neri e tia Vanda, pela torcida de minhas conquistas e pelo orgulho sempre declarado. À minha família chilena, Pedro, Nicole e Valentina, pelos dois meses de casa, comida e alegria, em Santiago do Chile, durante minha estadia para a realização dos experimentos, e pela confiança ao me permitirem fazer parte da família Molina. Um agradecimento especial ao meu amor, Matias Molina, por acreditar que o amor é paciente e esperar o término dessa tese para que a distância não seja mais algo presente em nossas vidas e, principalmente, pela confiança e crédito sempre depositado em mim. Finalmente, agradeço à minha família. Vó e mana, que acompanharam o meu desenvolvimento acadêmico de perto, sempre com orgulho de minhas conquistas e vitórias e suportando as alterações de humor provocadas por momentos difíceis. Tia Vera, pela dedicação e comidinhas gostosas sempre preparadas com muito amor. Pai e mãe, pelo amor dedicado ao longo do meu crescimento, pela oportunidade do ensino de qualidade, pelo incentivo ao estudo em uma universidade federal, e pelo respeito nas minhas decisões. 8 SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS................................................................................... xiii LISTA DE TABELAS.................................................................................. xvii RESUMO................................................................................................. xix ABSTRACT.............................................................................................. xxi 1 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL............................................................................... 1 2 CAPÍTULO 1 – ANÁLISE FITOQUÍMICA DE HYPERICUM TERNUM A. ST. HIL. E HYPERICUM MYRIANTHUM CHAM. & SCHLTDL............................................ 7 2.1 INTRODUÇÃO........................................................................................... 9 2.2 OBJETIVOS.............................................................................................. 10 2.3 REVISÃO................................................................................................. 11 2.3.1 Generalidades sobre o gênero.............................................................. 11 2.3.2 Aspectos botânicos............................................................................... 12 2.3.2.1 Taxonomia............................................................................................. 12 2.3.2.2 Morfologia.............................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 Aspectos químicos................................................................................ 13 2.3.3.1 Constituição química............................................................................. 14 2.3.3.1.1 Quinonas policíclicas............................................................................. 14 2.3.3.1.2 Xantonas............................................................................................... 15 2.3.3.1.3 Benzofenonas....................................................................................... 16 2.3.3.1.4 Benzopiranos........................................................................................ 17 2.3.3.1.5 Derivados de floroglucinol..................................................................... 17 2.3.3.1.6 Flavonóides........................................................................................... 18 2.3.3.1.7 Ácidos fenólicos.................................................................................... 20 2.3.3.1.8 Taninos.................................................................................................. 20 2.3.3.1.9 Óleos voláteis........................................................................................ 20 2.4 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS............................................................................ 21 2.4.1 Material Vegetal.................................................................................... 21 2.4.2 Preparação dos extratos....................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Análise cromatográfica.......................................................................... 22 2.4.4 Isolamento e purificação....................................................................... 23 2.4.5 Identificação dos produtos.................................................................... 24 9 2.5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO...................................................................... 25 2.5.1 Análise da constituição química de Hypericum ternum e de 25 Hypericum myrianthum......................................................................... 2.5.1.1 Análise cromatográfica qualitativa das frações de Hypericum ternum. 25 2.5.1.1.1 Partes aéreas........................................................................................ 25 2.5.1.1.2 Raízes................................................................................................... 26 2.5.1.2 Isolamento de compostos fenólicos de Hypericum ternum................... 26 2.5.1.3 Análise estrutural das substâncias isoladas......................................... 27 2.5.1.3.1 Substância HT1 .................................................................................... 27 2.5.1.3.2 Substância HT2..................................................................................... 29 2.5.1.3.3 Substância HT3..................................................................................... 30 2.5.1.3.4 Substância HT4…………………………………………..………………… 32 2.5.1.3.5 Substâncias HT5, HT6 e HT7............................................................... 34 2.5.1.3.6 Substância
Recommended publications
  • Sistema De Clasificación Artificial De Las Magnoliatas Sinántropas De Cuba
    Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO COOPERADO DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: MANEJOS FORESTAL Y TURÍSTICO UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, ESPAÑA UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA TESIS EN OPCIÓN AL GRADO CIENTÍFICO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE LAS MAGNOLIATAS SINÁNTROPAS DE CUBA Pedro- Pabfc He.r retira Qltver CUBA 2006 Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO COOPERADO DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: MANEJOS FORESTAL Y TURÍSTICO UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, ESPAÑA Y UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA TESIS EN OPCIÓN AL GRADO CIENTÍFICO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE LAS MAGNOLIATAS SINÁNTROPAS DE CUBA ASPIRANTE: Lie. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver Investigador Auxiliar Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente DIRECTORES: CUBA Dra. Nancy Esther Ricardo Ñapóles Investigador Titular Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente ESPAÑA Dr. Andreu Bonet Jornet Piiofesjar Titular Departamento de EGdfegfe Universidad! dte Mearte CUBA 2006 Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver I. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 II. ANTECEDENTES 6 2.1 Historia de los esquemas de clasificación de las especies sinántropas (1903-2005) 6 2.2 Historia del conocimiento de las plantas sinantrópicas en Cuba 14 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Biological Research on Herbal Medicines Rich in Xanthones
    molecules Review Chemical and Biological Research on Herbal Medicines Rich in Xanthones Jingya Ruan 1, Chang Zheng 1, Yanxia Liu 1, Lu Qu 2, Haiyang Yu 2, Lifeng Han 2, Yi Zhang 1,2,* and Tao Wang 1,2,* 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; [email protected] (L.Q.); [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (L.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (T.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-22-5959-6163 (Y.Z. & T.W.) Received: 11 September 2017; Accepted: 9 October 2017; Published: 11 October 2017 Abstract: Xanthones, as some of the most active components and widely distributed in various herb medicines, have drawn more and more attention in recent years. So far, 168 species of herbal plants belong to 58 genera, 24 families have been reported to contain xanthones. Among them, Calophyllum, Cratoxylum, Cudrania, Garcinia, Gentiana, Hypericum and Swertia genera are plant resources with great development prospect. This paper summarizes the plant resources, bioactivity and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of xanthones from references published over the last few decades, which may be useful for new drug research and development on xanthones. Keywords: herbal medicines; xanthones; plant sources; pharmacology; gambogic acid; structure-activity relationships 1. Introdution Xanthones (IUPAC name 9H-xanthen-9-one) are a kind of phenolic acid with a three-ring skeleton, widely distributed in herbal medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • Threats to Australia's Grazing Industries by Garden
    final report Project Code: NBP.357 Prepared by: Jenny Barker, Rod Randall,Tony Grice Co-operative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management Date published: May 2006 ISBN: 1 74036 781 2 PUBLISHED BY Meat and Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag 991 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059 Weeds of the future? Threats to Australia’s grazing industries by garden plants Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government to support the research and development detailed in this publication. This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ABN 39 081 678 364 (MLA). Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However MLA cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without prior written consent of MLA. Weeds of the future? Threats to Australia’s grazing industries by garden plants Abstract This report identifies 281 introduced garden plants and 800 lower priority species that present a significant risk to Australia’s grazing industries should they naturalise. Of the 281 species: • Nearly all have been recorded overseas as agricultural or environmental weeds (or both); • More than one tenth (11%) have been recorded as noxious weeds overseas; • At least one third (33%) are toxic and may harm or even kill livestock; • Almost all have been commercially available in Australia in the last 20 years; • Over two thirds (70%) were still available from Australian nurseries in 2004; • Over two thirds (72%) are not currently recognised as weeds under either State or Commonwealth legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biodiversity of the Virunga Volcanoes
    THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES I.Owiunji, D. Nkuutu, D. Kujirakwinja, I. Liengola, A. Plumptre, A.Nsanzurwimo, K. Fawcett, M. Gray & A. McNeilage Institute of Tropical International Gorilla Forest Conservation Conservation Programme Biological Survey of Virunga Volcanoes TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF PHOTOS........................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 7 GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER ONE: THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES................................................................. 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES ......................................................................................................... 11 1.2 VEGETATION ZONES .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phytophoto Index 2018
    PhytoPhoto 2018 Image Availability Accessing the photo collection is easy. Simply send an email with the plant names or a description of images sought to [email protected] and a gallery of photos meeting your criteria will be submitted to you, usually the same day. Abeliophyllum distichum Abutilon vitifolium ‘Album’ Acer palmatum fall color Abeliophyllum distichum ‘Roseum’ Abutilon vitifolium white Acer palmatum in front of window Abelmoschus esculentus "Okra" Abutilon Wisley Red Acer palmatum in orange fall color Abelmoschus manihot Abutilon x hybridum 'Bella Red' Acer palmatum var. dissectum Abies balsamea 'Nana' Abutilon-orange Acer palmatum var. dissectum Dissectum Abies concolor 'Blue Cloak' Abutilon-white Viride Group Abies guatemalensis Acacia baileyana Acer pensylvaticum Abies koreana 'Glauca' Acacia baileyana 'Purpurea' Acer platanoides 'Princeton Gold' Abies koreana 'Green Carpet' Acacia boormanii Acer pseudoplatanus Abies koreana 'Horstmann's Silberlocke' Acacia confusa Acer pseudoplatanus 'Leopoldii' Abies koreana 'Silberperle' Acacia cultriformis Acer pseudoplatanus 'Purpureum' Abies koreana 'Silberzwerg' Acacia dealbata Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Puget Pink’ Abies koreana 'Silver Show' Acacia iteaphylla Acer pseudoplatanus f... 'Leopoldii' Abies koreana Aurea Acacia koa Acer rubrum Abies koreana-cone Acacia koa seedlings Acer rubrum and stop sign Abies lasiocarpa Acacia koaia Acer rufinerve Hatsuyuki Abies lasiocarpa v. arizonica 'Argentea' Acacia longifolia Acer saccharinum Abies lasiocarpa v. arizonica 'Glauca Acacia
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Available Here
    Edinburgh Research Explorer A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America Citation for published version: Goodwin, ZA, Lopez, GN, Stuart, N, Bridgewater, SGM, Haston, EM, Cameron, ID, Michelakis, D, Ratter, JA, Furley, PA, Kay, E, Whitefoord, C, Solomon, J, Lloyd, AJ & Harris, DJ 2013, 'A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America', Phytotaxa, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-119. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.101.1 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.11646/phytotaxa.101.1 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Phytotaxa Publisher Rights Statement: This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 Phytotaxa 101 (1): 1–119 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.101.1.1 PHYTOTAXA 101 A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America ZOË A.
    [Show full text]
  • Theme Etude Phytochimique De Plantes Medicinales Du
    République Algérienne démocratique et populaire Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique UNIVERSITE MENTOURI-CONSTANTINE FACULTES DES SCIENCES EXACTES DEPARTEMENT DE CHIMIE N° d’ordre : N° de série : THESE Présentée pour obtenir le diplôme de Doctorat en sciences Spécialité : chimie organique Option : Phytochimie Par Touafek Ouassila THEM E ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE DE PLANTES MEDICINALES DU NORD ET DU SUD ALGERIENS Soutenu le : 22 / 04 / 2010 devant la commission d’examen Dr. Abdelmalik Belkhiri, MC, U. Mentouri-Constantine Président Dr. Zahia Kabouche, Professeur, U. Mentouri-Constantine Rapporteur Dr. Noureddine Aouf, Professeur, U. Badji-Mokhtar (Annaba) Examinateur Dr. Kaddour Lamara, Professeur, U. Oum El Bouaghi Examinateur Dr. Fayçal Djazi, Professeur, U. Skikda Examinateur Dr. Rachid Benkiniouar, MC, U. Mentouri-Constantine Examinateur Dédicace Je dédie ce modeste travail A mes parents, sources constantes d’encouragement, de soutien, de confiance et d’affection. A ma famille A mes amies Remerciements J’ai eu le plaisir d’effectuer ce travail de recherche dans le Laboratoire d’obtention de substances thérapeutiques (LOST) de la Faculté des Sciences exactes de l’université Mentouri-Constantine sous la direction du professeur Zahia Kabouche. Tout d’abord, je tiens particulièrement à remercier Madame le Professeur Zahia Kabouche pour m’avoir fait confiance, m’avoir encouragé et conseillé tout au long de la réalisation de ce travail. Pour son soutien et sa grande générosité, qu’elle soit assurée de ma profonde gratitude. Je tiens à remercier Monsieur le Docteur A. Belkhiri de la faculté de pharmacie de l’université Mentouri-Constantine (UMC) d’avoir accepté de présider le jury de ma soutenance de thèse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phenolic Compounds from Hypericum Perforatum and Their Antimicrobial Activities
    HACETTEPE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY Research Article Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2008, 36 (4), 339-345 The Phenolic Compounds from Hypericum Perforatum and Their Antimicrobial Activities Gönül Çelen, Semiha Özkan, Fatma Ayhan* Muğla University, Faculty Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Muğla, Turkey. Abstract Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) (H. perforatum) is a plant which has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times and grow in Europe, West Asia and North Africa. In this work, the crude extracts of Hypericum Perforatum grown in Muğla were obtained by the extraction with acetone:water and water. The extracts were chemically investigated for their total phenol contents by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The phenolic compounds in the extract with acetone:water (7:3, v/v, 150.44 mg GA/g material ) was determined as almost five fold higher than water extraction process (33.01 mg GA/g material). The thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds such as tannins. Antimicrobial activity of the samples was assayed separately using an agar diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida krusei ATCC 4243. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis type organisms have showed less resistance to phenolic extract while the inhibition zone was not formed when Candida albicans used in the case of acetone:water extract. The phenolic compounds obtained by water extraction had inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis organisms. Key Words: Hypericum perforatum, Tannins, Total phenol content, TLC, Antimicrobial activity, Muğla.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Quantitative Trait Variation Across the Native Range of the Invasive Specieshypericum Canariense
    Molecular Ecology (2007) 16, 4269–4283 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03508.x MolecularBlackwell Publishing Ltd and quantitative trait variation across the native range of the invasive species Hypericum canariense: evidence for ancient patterns of colonization via pre-adaptation? K. M. DLUGOSCH and I. M. PARKER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Abstract To understand the success of invasive species, it is important to know whether colonization events are facilitated by adaptive evolution or are limited to sites where a species is pre-adapted to thrive. Studies of the ancient colonization patterns of an invader in its native range provide an opportunity to examine its natural history of adaptation and colonization. This study uses molecular (internal transcribed spacer sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism) and common garden approaches to assess the ancient patterns of establishment and quantitative trait evolution in the invasive shrub Hypericum canariense. This species has an unusually small and discrete native range in the Canary Islands. Our data reveal two genetic varieties with divergent life histories and different colonization patterns across the islands. Although molecular divergence within each variety is large (pairwise FST from 0.18 to 0.32 between islands) and nearly as great as divergence between them, life-history traits show striking uniformity within varieties. The discrepancy between molecular and life-history trait divergence points to the action of stabilizing selec- tion within varieties and the influence of pre-adaptation on patterns of colonization. The colonization history of H. canariense reflects how the relationship between selective envi- ronments in founding and source populations can dictate establishment by particular lineages and their subsequent evolutionary stasis or change.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiherpetic Activity of Some Endemic Hypericum Species in Turkey
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(5), pp. 1240-1244, 16 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.3139 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Antiherpetic activity of some endemic Hypericum species in Turkey Rüstem Duman Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 25 November, 2011 This study was designed to investigate the antiherpetic activities of the crude methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of three species of Hypericum growing in Turkey ( Hypericum neurocalycinum Boiss. & Heldr., Hypericum salsugineum Robson & Hub.-Mor. and Hypericum kotschyanum Boiss.). For this purpose, firstly, the cytotoxicity potential of the extracts against Vero cells were assessed using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl) - 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay. The 50% cytotoxic dose (CD 50 ) corresponded to the concentration required to kill 50% of the Vero cells for each extract was calculated by nonlinear regression analysis using GraphPad Prism software. Additionally, the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations (MNCCs) were determined as the maximal concentration of the extracts that did not exert a toxic effect. Later, the values of the maximum non-toxic concentration obtained (50.00, 100.00 and 25.00 µg/ml for the methanolic extracts of H. neurocalycinum , H. salsugineum and H. kotschyanum , respectively) were used in antiherpetic activity determination of the extracts using MTT assay. Nevertheless, it was determined that none of the extracts have antiherpetic activity in tested maximum non-toxic concentrations. Key words: Hypericum species, antiherpetic activity, colorimetric MTT assay.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Wild Relatives Dicotyledon Plan
    CROP WILD RELATIVES IN THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDON PLANTS IN ETHIOPIA Debela Daba Gutta Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2015 CROP WILD RELATIVES IN THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDON PLANTS IN ETHIOPIA Debela Daba Gutta A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Biology: Botanical Science) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia May 2015 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE PROGRAMMES This is to certify that the Thesis prepared by Debela Daba Gutta, entitled: Crop wild relatives in the families of dicotyledon plants in Ethiopia: Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Biology: Botanical Science) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by Examining Board: Name Signature Date 1 ………………………… (Examiner) ……………………… …………………… 2 ………………………… (Examiner) ………………………. ………………… 3 Prof. Zemede Asfaw (Advisor) ………………………… ………………… 4 Prof. Ensermu Kelbessa (Advisor) ………………………… ………………… 5 ………………………… (Chairman) ………………………… ………………… ABSTRACT CROP WILD RELATIVES IN THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDON PLANTS IN ETHIOPIA Debela Daba Gutta, MSc Thesis Addis Ababa University, 2015 This study was undertaken in parts of Ethiopia where the crop wild relatives are available. Crop wild relatives of the dicotyledonous plant families in Ethiopia were studied to highlight their present status, as compared to the findings of earlier studies. This study has two parts: firstly data collection from Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, and the National Herbarium (ETH)), and secondly field data collection (ethnobotanical uses and voucher speciemens collection). Data were collected from the specimens accumulated in the National Herbarium (ETH) and the conservation status of all dicotyledonous crop wild relative species, 27 in total were assessed then proceeded to the interview-based field study.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Fossils, Phylogenies, and Niche Models Into
    Integrating fossils, phylogenies, and niche models into biogeography to reveal ancient evolutionary history: the case of hypericum (hypericaceae) Andrea Sanchez Meseguer, Jorge M. Lobo, Richard Ree, David J. Beerling, Isabel Sanmartin To cite this version: Andrea Sanchez Meseguer, Jorge M. Lobo, Richard Ree, David J. Beerling, Isabel Sanmartin. Inte- grating fossils, phylogenies, and niche models into biogeography to reveal ancient evolutionary history: the case of hypericum (hypericaceae). Systematic Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2015, 64 (2), pp.215 - 232. 10.1093/sysbio/syu088. hal-02638449 HAL Id: hal-02638449 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638449 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Syst. Biol. 64(2):215–232, 2015 © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]