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The Scottish Wars of Independence Key Topics and Areas You Will Discover During This Course

The Scottish Wars of Independence Key Topics and Areas You Will Discover During This Course

The Scottish Wars of Independence Key topics and areas you will discover during this course.

How many have you already heard of? Collect a copy of the starter image to stick in your jotter Yolande Alexander III Margaret m m (b.1263 d.1330) (b.1241d.1286) (b.1240 d.1275) 1285 1251

No children

Alexander Margaret David (b.1264 d.1284) (b.1260 d.1283) (b.1272 d.1281)

Turn your jotter on m m 1282 1281 its side and copy the family tree of King AlexanderOMG III as we Margaret Erik of Norway learn why (b.1265 d.1331) (b.1268 d.1299) was plunged into crisis in 1286 No children Margaret (b.1283 d.1290) Read page 3 of the booklet to find out the circumstances of King Alexander’s death Then look at the instructions on page 4 to write your own poem about Alexander! ...he would neither be deterred by stress of weather nor yield to the persuasion of his nobles, but straightaway hurried along the road to Queensferry, in order to visit his bride, that is to say Yolande, daughter of the Comte de Dreux at Kinghorn

The Chronicle of Lanercost Poem Exemplar Alexander rode out on a stormy night He wasn’t frightened, he had Kinghorn in sight He galloped on his horse to Where he could meet up with his beloved young wife But sadly for him, from a cliff his horse fell Or so I have heard the rumours do tell And because his horse had taken a tumble It has left the Scottish Kingdom in a crumble Margaret: Maid of Norway Read page 4 of the booklet to find out why the plan to send for Alexander’s grand- daughter in Norway ends in disaster Now answer the questions on page 5 remembering to use full and proper answers and swap your jotter with another pupil for some paired marking Click on the image to watch a 3 minute summary of our story so far The Search for a King King Edward I of is invited to choose the next King of Scotland

OR Watch the 4 minute clip to see which of the claimants was chosen by King Edward Let’s see why had a better claim to be the next King of Scotland than Robert Bruce

Hang on to your hats…….. 1070

King Malcolm m Queen Margaret

Edward Edmund Ethelred Edgar Alexander David Edith Mary

Alexander David AlexanderDavid m MatildaDavid

Alexander II

Alexander III m David Matilda

Robert Margaret John Henry Isobel Ada Matilda

m m Alan Robert Bruce I’m the Dervorgila oldest so Robert I win! Versus Bruce John Balliol Now let’s read pages 6 and 7 of the booklet to find out why King John becomes known as the Puppet King

When you finish answering the questions collect a copy of King John’s Seal to colour in and stick in your jotter The Puppet King? Now see the instructions at the bottom of page 8 to recreate an interview between a news reporter, King John and King Edward! The Puppet King? The Puppet King? • King John signed an agreement with the French called the • Edward ripped the Lion Rampant from John’s tunic Edward in Scotland • Edward wanted to show the Scots he was in charge. • King John’s seal was destroyed and all the castles of Scotland were taken over Edward in Scotland • Edward took the Holy Rood of St Margaret. • The Stone of Destiny was sent down to Westminster Abbey in London Edward in Scotland • All Scottish nobles had to sign the Ragman Rolls declaring their loyalty to Edward Watch the 6 minute clip to see more of Scotland’s ‘darkest winter’ of 1296 Now design your own seal for the Ragman Roll for 1N Who was William ?

What do you know about ?

Watch and listen to the Horrible Histories song on the next slide to find out some more about Scotland’s ‘’….

Now read page 10 of the booklet, collect a copy of image to stick in your jotter and copy the Wallace facts from page 11 The Struggle Begins

Watch the clip (3m 28secs) to find out why William Wallace is a wanted man! So Wallace has killed William Heselrig, the Sheriff of , and is now being hunted by the English. Look at the instructions WANTED on page 12 for your Wallace DEAD or ALIVE Wanted Poster! Think of the information you might want to include on your poster…..

• What has he done? • How will you get people to hand him in? • What do they do if they William Wallace capture or kill him? The Battle of Bridge Did you spot anything missing from Hollywood’s version of the Battle of Stirling Bridge?.....

When Two Sides Go To War!

Scots Army English Army  Around 5,300 in total  Around 10,000 in total.

 Poorly equipped but passionate  Well trained, well equipped & well paid. - 300 cavalry – 2,000 - 5,000 infantry – 7,000 infantry

 Set up camp on the Abbey  Set up camp at Stirling Craig. Castle  The English would have to  The English army expected cross the bridge to reach them. the Scots to surrender in fear. So let’s take a look at pages 13 and 14 of our booklet to see what really happened...... Storyboard Task Storyboard Example Peer Assessment A Summary of the Battle of Stirling Bridge The Battle of So Wallace is a Scottish hero and King Edward’s chance for revenge comes at Falkirk in 1298…… watch this clip from ‘Braveheart’ to see who wins…. Unfortunately this is a classic example of movie makers changing the facts for their film…….. read pages 15 and 16 to find out what really happened…… and get ready for some Maths questions! A Summary of the The Death of William Wallace The Betrayal of William Wallace After his defeat at Falkirk, Wallace meets with Sir , to discuss revenge on the English The Betrayal of William Wallace So on 5th August 1305, Wallace heads to the estate of for the meeting to discuss attacking England…… The Trial of William Wallace Wallace’s trial is held on the 22nd August 1305 at Westminster Hall The Trial and Death of William Wallace

Would the outcome for William Wallace have been any different if he had had a lawyer and witnesses to speak on his behalf?

Imagine you were William Wallace’s lawyer at his trial. Write a short paragraph to describe how you would have defended him, would you have called any witnesses to speak on his behalf? The Death of William Wallace Wallace was taken to Smithfield, London on the 23rd August 1305 for execution…… The Death and Legacy of William Wallace The Trial of William Wallace • So clearly William Wallace did not a fair trail – now is your chance to show what might have happened if he did! • Would the outcome have been any different if Wallace had had a lawyer and witnesses to speak on his behalf? • Listen carefully to your teacher’s instructions because everyone will have a part to play! • We need pupils to play…… • William Wallace • King Edward • Wallace’s Lawyer • Edward’s Lawyer • Robert the Bruce • Sir John de Menteith • And many witnesses…. Hot Seating! The teacher will put you into groups and each group should come up with 5 questions to ask whoever is in the hot seat. Only one person should answer for the group so remember to discuss before answering! The questions can be about any area of the topic so far Who Was Robert the Bruce? • Look at the family tree on the following page….. Can you see why Robert the Bruce declared himself the next King of Scotland? • After you have examined the Bruce Family Tree read the background to Robert the Bruce on page 18 to see why we he was declared the rightful King of Scotland • After you have answered the 4 questions on Bruce, collect a copy of the family tree to stick in your jotter.

However……. • What you don’t know is that Robert the Bruce had a rival to the throne of Scotland. • Just like his grandfather, Robert Bruce who lost to John Balliol, Robert the Bruce was up against John Comyn (the nephew of John Balliol) to become the next King of Scotland • And then on the 10th February 1306 this happened…..

And the Bruce went on the run….. Now read the full story of the murder and it’s consequences on page 20 of the booklet….. And instead of answering the questions on page 21, use a double page of your jotter to copy the following slide Robert the Bruce kills Comyn Bruce Bruce is in Greyfriars v excommunicated from Church, John Comyn the Catholic Church

Bruce is declared The Scots are crushed King of Scotland at the Battle of th March 25th 1306 Methven 19 June 1306

Only one castle remained in English hands, Stirling, and the two armies Bruce fights a would meet on the battlefield of guerrilla war with the on 23rd June 1314 English between 1307 and 1314 The So the stage is set for one of the greatest battles in British history…… read pages 22 and 23 to find out what happened next… A summary of the Battle of Bannockburn…. Now that you have answered the numeracy questions on page 24, design your own family coat of arms just like the one the Bruce used for his famous victory at Bannockburn

The So Robert the Bruce has defeated the English in Scotland’s most famous battle victory…. however he still has two major problems

Edward II still does not Robert cannot be the recognise Scotland as an rightful King while he is independent country still excommunicated

Who can Robert contact to fix this? The Declaration of Arbroath The Declaration of Arbroath

Our nation lived in freedom until the King of the English came and committed deeds of cruelty, massacre and violence. The other outrages he committed cannot be described.

But from these evils we have been set free by the help of King Robert. For him we shall fight to the death, and come what may, we mean to stand.

For as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we be brought under English rule. It is not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself. The Declaration of Arbroath Using the scroll, imagine you are Pope JohnXXII, you have to reply To the people of Scotland to the people of Scotland. a) Will you recognise Scotland as an independent country? b) Will you acknowledge Robert the Bruce as the rightful King of Scotland? c) Will you remove Robert the Bruce’s excommunication from the Catholic Church?

Remember this is an assessed piece of extended writing Click on the link to see the Pope’s response… Read page 27 to find out the conclusion to the Scottish Wars of Independence then watch the summary clip below.

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