‘Thedestroyer USS Hawkins (DD 873) takes “white water” over the bow during refueling operations with Task Force 60, Hawkins, a 32-year-old Gearingclass (FRAM I) destroyer, recently returned from her I7th, and last, deployment to the Mediterranean. With her return, the era of the deploying FRAM I destroyer in the Mediterranean and Atlantic came to a close. Commissioned in February 1945, Hawkins was named in honor of Marine 1st LT William Dean Hawkins, killed in action on Tarawa in 1943. MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 55th YEAR OF PUBLICATION 1 9 77 NUMBERDECEMBER 1977 731

Features 4 MCPON . . . ANSWERINGMORE THAN 8,000 QUES- TIONS A YEAR Candid comments by the topenlisted on a number ofsubjects

14 N.Y. SAILING TROPHY Reviving sailing competition north of Manhattan

18 IT WORKS AT LAKEHURST One of the Navy's drug/alcohol rehabilitation facilities

22 THE 'LAKES, HAS IT ALL TOGETHER Duty at Great Lakes can be rewarding

30 SEVEN DAYS IN RIO Atlantic Fleet ships and men call at Brazil

33 SAILING THE SARGASSO An oceanographer takes a "busman's holiday"

39 THANKYOU,LONDONDERRY Closing of Communications Station in Northern Ireland

42 BRAIN WAVE RESEARCH Enter the electronicage of testing

46 TEXAS NAVY Sailors lead the WayduringTexascarnival

Departments 2 Currents 26 Bearings 12 Rights & Benefits 38 Grains of Salt 17 Information Exchange 48 Mail Buoy Covers Front: The Reserve Force destroyer USS Miles C. Fox (DD 829) is blanketed with ice. This winter scene was shot some years ago at Newport, R.I. Photo by W. W. King. Back: Artist Audie Bransford highlights the career of the young Captain James Lawrence.

Chief of Naval Operations:Admiral James L.Holloway I I I Staff:LT Bill Ray A ChiefInforrnatlon: of Rear AdmiralDavidM. Cooney JOC Dan Guzman Dir. PrintDir. Media Div. (NIRA): LieutenantJohn Alexander JO1 John Yonemura Editor: John F. Coleman JO1 Jerry Atchison Production Editor: Lieutenant Jeff Zakem JO1 (SS)Pete Sundberg Layout Editor: E. L. Fast PH1 Terry Mitchell Art Editor: Art MichaelJ02 Tuffli Davida Matthews JO2 Dan Wheeler J03 Francis Bir Edward Jenkins Elaine McNeil currents

Nationwide Childhood Immunization Initiative Announced 0 A recent SecNav notice directs Navy and Marine Corps activities to participate in the nationwide Childhood Immunization Initiative. Since the mid-l960s, there has been an overall decrease in the number of children who are adequately immunizedagainst childhood diseases. At present, less than 60per cent of the nation’s children under15 years of age are adequately protected. Thegoal of the Childhood Immunization Initiativeis to raise that figure to 90per cent by October 1979. In an effortto reach that goal, activities, including the U.S. Navy,.are being asked to participate in a co- ordinated effort to increase public awareness of, and arouse public concern about the problem. For additional information about the program and thead- dresses of places furnishing publicity materials, information on how and where immunizations can be obtained and other details,see SecNavNote 6230 of 16 Sept 1977.

Navy Master Chief To Join Pay Commission 0 A Navy Master Chief Petty.Officer, UTCM .Robert Lewis Evans, USN, is one of three enlistedservice members chosen to become mem- bers of the President’s Commission on Military Compensation. Eight of the commission’s 2 1 professionalstaff members are military personnel. TwoNavy officers, Lieutenant Commander RichardBarchi and Lieutenant William Bobo, already have been namedto the commission staff. As the Navy’s enlisted repre- sentative, Master Chief Evanswill join his Army and Air Force counterparts in advising the commission on enlisted sentiment about military pay, entitlements and other forms of compensation.Master Chief Evans’presently is assigned as Master Chief Petty Officer of theNaval Material Command, Washington, D.C.

Enlisted Clothing Allowance Raised 0 The monthly clothing maintenance allowance for enlistedNavy per- sonnel was increased as of Oct. 1. The basic allowance was increased from $5.10 to $5.70 for men and from $4.20to $4.50 for women. The standard rates were raised from $7.20 to $8.10 for men and from $6.30 to $6.60 for women. The basic allowance is paid from the seventh through the 36th month of enlistment and the standard allowanceis paid after the 36th month of enlist- ment. The cost of a complete Navy sea bag increased from $327.66 inFiscal Year 1977 to $375.13 in Fiscal Year 1978 forNavy men and from $433.25 to $437.56 for Navy women.

Reserve Patrol Squadron Receives First P-3B “Orion” 0 The updating of Naval Reserve Aviation assets entered a new stage recently with the turnover of thefirst P-3B “Orion” patrol aircraft to a reserve squadron. Reserve Patrol Squadron 91 at NAS Moffett

2 Field, Calif., is scheduled to,receive‘five “B” model “Orions” prior to the end of December. All 13 Naval Reserve patrol squadrons currently are equipped with the P-3A. The P-3B is in .use by a number of fleet patrol squadrons and its introduction into theNaval Air Reserve Force marks a continuing effort to pro- vide reservists with fleet compatible equipment under the total force doctrine.

Navy Installations Win Conservation Awards 0 Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Md., took first place, and Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach, Calif., finished second in the Government Agencies category of the 1977 “Keep America Beautiful, Inc.” awards pro- gram. The Naval Education and Training Center, Newport, R.I., was .one of three government agencies to receive distinguished service citations in thecom- petition. Patuxent River’s conservation and environmental protection programs were instrumental in gaining national recognition. The Naval Air Station was cited for its pollution abatement projects that includerecycling a and disposal program for petroleum and other industrialwastes and an oil spill containment and clean-up system available to both the station and civilian community. “Keep America Beautiful, Inc.,” was founded in 1953 to encourage and sponsor beautification programs throughout the nation. Its-annual awards pro- gram recognizes those who demonstrate, through positive, action, their concern for a cleaner environment.

Navigation Satellite Launched 0 A Navy navigation satellite was launched recently from.the Western Test Range in California on a four-stage Scout Rocket. The spacecraft will bring to six the number of TRANSAT satellites in theNavy’s navigation satellite con- stellation. In addition to navigational equipment, this satellite also contains two specially instrumented -transponders or radio relays which,will be used to test a Trident Missile Tracking System and calibrate range safety ground stations and ,equipment. The Satellite Navigation System is used by Navy ships and sub- marines to pinpoint their positions to better than one-tenth.of milea in any weather, day or night, anywhere in theworld-. Program sponsor for TRANSAT is the U.S. Navy Strategic Systems Project Office. Tracking.supportis provided by the Navy Astronautics Group.

USS Edwards Assists Smithsonian Expedition 0 The destroyer USS Richard S. Edwards (DD 950) re- cently arrived at the SouthPacific island of Puka Puka withrelief provisions for a Smithsonian Institution expedition that was in danger of running out of supplies. Responding to axequest forassistance from the Smithsonian, Edwards delivered food, camera equipment, vitamins and othersupplies. The expedition, a man and his wife, are on Puka Puka filming one of thelast traditional cultures left in the world. Theprovisions were picked up by Edwards at Pago Pago, 394 miles from Puka Puka. Edwards proceeded to an anchorage outside the reef at Puka Puka and transferred the supplies to a small boat from theisland which ferried them ashore.

December 1977 3 c BY 502 DAN WHEELER

Master Chief Petty Oficer of the Navy Robert J. Walker hastraveled extensively since assuming the top enlisted billet in September 1975. Living out of his seabag for much of the last twoyears, he haskept abreast of current attitudes and concerns of the jleet. ALL HANDSrecently talked with MCPON Walker about hisjob and Navy life in general. What follows are his candid comments about the Navy today.

Q: Master Chief Walker, what does your job entail? A: “As MCPON, I am the principalenlisted advisor to the Chiefof Naval Operations and the Chiefof Naval Personnel, the primarypromulgators of enlisted policy. 1 am involved in everything concerning enlisted policies and the enlisted community as a whole.”

Q: How does your job correlate with that of master chief petty ofJicers of thejleet, force and command. A: “Each of us does thesame thing, but we do it at a differentlevel. Command master chiefs, for instance, do almostidentically what I do, butat the local level; force masterchiefs at thetype commander level; fleet master chiefs atthe fleet level. All of their input concerning enlisted personnel is correlated by my staff.”

Q: How does your “open-door policy” affect sailors who have problems they feel are not being resolved?

5 A: “If possible, he or shecan come to Washingtonand Q: You advocate open and candid conversation between see me or, at least, telephone or write a letter-all of this juniors and seniors “to ensure a smooth operating chain of afterthe individuals have tried to solve their problems command.” Some people now feel it necessary to explain within the local chain of command. All correspondence and the reason for every order tosubordinates. Is this what phonecalls are answered. Fact is, everyyear my staff you intended? researches and drafts official correspondence in answer to A: “I wasn’t advocating the explaining of every order and morethan 1,OOO lettersoriginating with Navy personnel, regulation. But, if seniors are willing to communicate and their dependents and others. Additionally, we provide explainexactly what they are tryingto accomplish and answers to more than 7,000 phone queries annually.” why, individuals should have a greater trust and respect for authority. Q: Do you actually “go to bat” for individualswith “Part and parcel of this is ‘command listening,’ so the problems? communicationcircle is complete with each party under- A: “If individualshave legitimate problems that have not standing the position of the other.” beenresolved at the localcommand level, then 1’11 go to bat for them. If someone is simply bellyaching about Navy Q: Why did you initiate a program which deferred auto- policy,then I’m notgoing to support such an individual. matic advancements for “A” school graduates until after a However, when someone has a genuine prob1em“even if 4- to 8-month indoctrination period at their first command? it doesn’t affect the entire Navy-I’m going to support that A: “A frequent complaint by petty officers and command- individual anyway I can.” ing officers is that “instant POs” don’t have the capability

Master Chief Petty Officer of theNavy (Advisor to CNO & CNP) I Master Chief Petty Officers of the Fleet

CincLant Flt CincUSNavEur CincPacFlt ChNavMat

Master, Chief Petty Officersof the Force

Master,Senior & Chief Petty Officers of the Conunand

6 ALLHANDS when they report aboard to assume petty officer responsi- master chief petty oflcers of the fleet or force on the E- bilities. 1 stronglyopposed the ‘instant petty officer pro- 7,8,9Selection Board? gram’ because of this. It wasn’t actually helping individuals A: “Aftereach Selection Board evolution, I’m inundated involved and usually caused them embarrassment and also with letters and calls from individuals who want to know made them subject to criticism. They didn’t have the why theyweren’t selected. Although much printed infor- experience, of course, that on-the-job trainees had, and the mationhas been circulated about the selection process, 1 responsibilities were an unfair burden to place on a young felt force and fleetmaster chiefs serving onthe board graduate-it wasn’t realistic to expect them to be- able to would be able to field these questions and promote a better take charge and they couldn’t.’’ understanding of the selection process. The change seems to have been worthwhile.” Q: Has this new approach hindered the Navy’s efforts to attract six-year obligors? Q: What is your opinion of the enlisted evaluation system? A: “Automatic advancement for six-year obligors has not A: “I don’thave any criticism of our overallevaluation been altered. There are objections to the program, but it is system. I do criticize evaluators who have a tendency not considereda necessary recruiting tool since advancement to ‘tell it like it is.’That causes inflation in marksand opportunity is notoffered to obligors during their one, breaksdown the system. We couldchange forms and sometimes two, years of training.” formats each year, but until evaluators beganmarking absolutely realistically, we would have to continue seeking Q: Whydid you initiate the proposal which placed two an ‘equitable system.’ “What has to be done-and has begun through commu- nicationsfrom the CNO to all flagofficers-is toensure that we are realistic in our marking. Time and effort has to be spent on each evaluation written. Theyhave to be accurate and reflect all facets of the individual performance. Unfortunately, this is not always the case today.”

Q: Whatcan an evaluatordo to ensurethat a truly outstanding individual gets credit for genuinely deserved outstanding marks? A: “Everythingabout an outstanding individual indicates that he or she is, in fact, outstanding-it’s evidenced by an entire naval career, not just one evaluation. Any individual deserving a superior evaluation will have the service record tosustain it and this will be notedat advancement time regardless of how many of his peers have inflated marks.”

Q: Recently the Navy increased time-in-service and time- in-rate requirements for advancement. Is this the start of a trend that will eventually have Navy people spending much more time in grade? A: “No, I wouldn’tsay that. Populationgrowth in the Navyhas bottomed out and wewill beworking with a fixed number of people for the foreseeable future; therefore, the Navy can only have so many petty officers and chiefs. Presentpolicies may seemhard-nosed and cold to young hardchargers-and I guess they are-but they are still absolutelyrequired. Yes, it’s going to take longer to advance, but it’s necessary if we are to continue to offer any advancement opportunities.”

Q: Why did you increase the number of billets for senior chiefs at the Army’sSergeants Major Academy at Fort Bliss? A: “The Sergeants Major Academy is, inmy estimation, thefinest school in all thearmed forces specializing in senior NCO training. The Navy has no counterpart what- soever, though 1 hope we will someday. “Originallywe had a quota ofsix senior chiefs who could attend, butwith the Army’s cooperation and the

December 1W7 7 approval of CNP, we increasedthat number to 16 and advance into commissioned status is not as good as it used added a masterchief to the school’sstaff. I want our to be and probably won’t get better as long as we have a senior chiefs-the cream of the crop-to attend the acad- fixed force strength. I’m not saying the Navy doesn’t want emy because the managerial expertise they stand to gain is enlisted individuals to become officers-most certainly they unsurpassed.” do-it’s just a much tougherevolution now than it once wasbecause, in part, there are only so many LDO and Q: Other than the Sergeants Major Academy, what is the warrantofficer billets. However, the primary routes to a Navy doing to ensure that as a member’s rank increases, commission-theNaval Academy and NROTC-are open his leadership ability is commensurate? toenlisted applicants. BOOST andthe Naval Academy A: “The Navyis looking into a programof leadership/ PrepSchool exist specifically to help personnel whomay management development for its petty officers. It will need some academic preparation to qualify.” probablyoutline a careerpattern for enlisted people and culminate with a CPO academy. All of this isbeing Q: There seems to be a large number of E-5s and Eds examined closely and I believe wewill havesuch a leaving the Navy before retirement. Arewe losing too program .” many trained petty oficers? A: “Whenever we lose one, I think we are losing too Q: With the elimination of NESEP, it seemsto some many. The Navy is concerned about the exodus of individ- enlisted people that the Navy is offering an increasing uals in the 8- to 12-year service range. What’s causing it? number of educational opportunities to oficers and fewer Foremost, in my opinion, is the uncertainty of the future. to enlisted members. Does the Navy want enlisted people The petty officer and his family don’t feel they are on solid to seek commissions? ground when it comes to benefits-what’s good today may A: “All of thearmed forces are directed to receive the be gone tomorrow. majority of their commissioned officers via their respective “Thesecond factor is crisismanagement bylocal com- serviceacademies and various ROTC programs.Because mands-abrupt changes in policy, unnecessary inspections, of this, programs like NESEP are considered by some as etc. This creates turmoil for individuals and their families niceto have but terribly expensive and, therefore, not whencoupled with thehardships associated with deploy- required. I don’t foresee any substantial changes in this as ments.We’ve got to control this and give our people a far as enlisted people are concerned. sense of consistency more so than is currently being done. “Frankly, the opportunity for anenlisted person to “The third thing-and thisis my ownobservation-is

w thatan individual has a badday or weekand makes an old-style uniforms like their dads had worn. This is a good emotional decision to get out. All too often, he finds that indicationof the weight enlistedpeople carry when their the grass is not greener and regrets his decision.” views are presented to the CNO and he acts on them out of concern for them. He felt it was a good idea and I think Q Why did the Navy recently issue a new set of grooming the right decision was made.” standards with spec$c emphasis on hair and beard length? A: “It seemsthe problem-at least for some-was that Q: What has been the reaction of Navy women to recent our grooming standards were couched in terms people changes in their uniforms? could not enforce. I don’t really believe that, but the A: “Their reaction overall has been overwhelmingly posi- complaintsand recommendations coming into our office tive. Of course, I still run intosome who don’t like the indicated that supervisors wanted the regulations written so new uniforms as much as the old, or they don’t like certain there wouldbe no doubt in anyone’s mind as towhat features~,but generally it has been well received. As to the constituted a neatly groomed appearance. Therefore, it was maternity uniform, womenhave indicated to me that they all spelled out in inches. thought it should have been approved long ago. “I believe our groomingregulations were clear and if “unenforceable,” it was because petty officers, chiefs and Q: Whyhasn’t there ever been a Navy-wide woman division officers didn’t expend the effort to enforce them. Sailor of the Year? The only effect of the “new grooming standards” was to A: “I am sure that women will soon become very compet- take the old “neatly groomed appearance” and define itive in this competition though the number of female E-5s exactly what that appearance is.” and above is limited. This year there were some women in hot contention within their individual communities and Q: What kind of feedbackhave you received on the somedid become local Sailors of the Year. I’m sure it CNO’s plan to bring back the bells? won’t be long before one of our Navy-wide Sailors of the A: “Enthusiastic.” Year is a woman, and rightly so.”

Q Werebell-bottoms brought back for sentimental rea- Q: Is erosion of benefits a real problem and, if so, what sons on the Navy’s part? can Navy people do about it? A: No, it wasn’t a sentimental decision. The main reason A: “Too oftenthe erosion of benefits isonly imagined. was that Navy people, especially younger ones, wanted the The mediabuild to a peak of negativism; this causes an emotional response by Navy people. Some things perceived as ‘lost’ are later sustainedwhen Congress reviews them. Thus, Congress isnot always the‘bear,’ but is in fact supportive much of the time. Other agencies-IRS, HEW, for example-are involved in the ‘take away process’ too, so don’t automatically blame Congress. “However, Navy people should be concerned-we have had benefits taken away. The overall responsibility for this rests on our shoulders as well, because we have the privilege of voting and writing our Congressman to indicate concern when there are issues affecting Navy people. If we use this avenue and let our feelings be known-and felt at the ballot box-this would engender a genuine concern for us by our elected officials.”

Q: Considering the erosion of benefits, increased TIS and TIR requirements,and high inflation gobblinglow pay raises, what is your assessment of morale in the Navy? A: “Yourquestion would seem to require a negative response, but, in reality, moraleis pretty doggone good. It’sbecause of positive leadership, aneffective chain of command,and our people’sfeelings that their problems, hopes and ambitions are important to those in command. 1 really believe morale is excellent.“

Q: What arethe “intangible benefits” of a Navy career which you so often mention? A: “They are an individual thing, but generally they includethe daily challenges the Navy offers, traveland adventure, friendship among shipmates-you know there is

December 1W7 9 just no valueyou can assign to friendship-a feelingof synthetic -ers and ‘fast cruisers,’ for example- belonging to something important, pride in service and to supplementunderway training. Synthetic training is country. Additionally, you will normallynot find concern meaningful and real toparticipants. We’vemade great for the individual in civilian life like you fmd in the Navy.” strides in maintaining readiness in this fashion.”

Q: What is the status of the sea pay proposal? Q: How serious is the alcoholldrug abuse problem in the A ‘‘I wish I couldpaint a bright pictureabout sea pay, Navy? but 1 can’t. It’s a stated CNO objective to get sea pay and A “We have a serious problem. However, I don’t believe he and the Secretary of the Navy are putting forth a great effort. The bill is currently within the Ofice of Management and Budget and we have not, to my knowledge, made the progress I had hoped in getting it throughOMB and into Congress. We are having difficulties; I hopethey will be resolved in the near future.”

Q: Howcome only 15 percent of thoseeligible for government housing in the United States are getting it? A: “I knowgovernment housing-Navyhousing-is full. Allof the armed forces are severely constrained because the largest source of housing for any military community is the civilianmarket. The armed forces never intended to house all military families in government quarters-it simply cannot be done within the legal constraints imposed.”

Q: Why do you think a signijicant number of Navy people wanted a military union? A: “1 think those who desired a union felt they were not being represented before our elected officials in the manner theyfelt they should have been. Because the CNO and CNP are military officers, people may have felt they were there is anysegment of societytrying more diligently to constrained. To them, therefore, a union seemed to be the correct the situation nor is there one with a finer alcohol answer. rehabilitation program than the Navy’s. We don’t hide the “Here again, no union could represent the armed forces alcoholicand he orshe is nolonger stigmatized by withoutbeing able to assure electedofficials that 100 per exposure. In the last E-7 Selection Board, for example, the cent of their constituency voted. So, again, the keyis to recovered alcoholic’s chancefor advancement was the vote.” same as that of his non-alcoholic peers. So we’re doing a good thing with our alcohol program. “One thing people who criticize alcoholism in the Navy Q How successful has the Fleet Readiness Improvement don’t realize is that many youngsters coming into the Navy Programbeen and howhas it affectedshore establish- already have a heavy drinking habit. After two years, the ments? individual’s consumption has often decreased due to Navy A: “FRIP hasbeen extremely successful and our ships educational efforts. We didn’tcause the problem, but we are 100 percent manned. In all candor,quite a few are doing something to correct it. exceededthe 100 per centmark; there seemed to have “In the area of drug abuse-I’m excluding alcohol here been a reluctanceto want to tell BuPers ‘Turn the spigot for discussion purposes-we’re not making as much signifi- off,we’re getting too many people!’ However,shore cant progress as we have in alcohol rehab. I don’t know if establishments were affected-the same job had to be done this is because of society’s outlook on so called soft drugs, with far less people and it was done. Now the ‘spigot’ to or what.Still we haveto keep a tightrein on the entire the fleet is off and it is conceivable that shore establishments alcohoVdrug picture. We simply can’t afford to have individ- will be back up to above 90 per cent manning by October ualswho are not in full control mentally and physically- 1978.” there’s too much at stake.”

Q: What effect has energy conservation had onmeaningful Q: What can married Navy people-both of whom are in training and, in turn, Beet readiness? uniformdo to better their chances of getting husband- A ‘‘I would have to think that there has been an adverse wife duty? effect, but readiness hasn’t been affected to the point that A: “A married couple should immediately fde their Duty some people would like to think. The Navy is trying to get Preference Cards. The woman should note on her card that in as much at-seatraining as possible within allotted she is married to Po2 ‘X’stationed at US Naval Station, resources. Additionally wenow haverefined the art of or whatever; the man should do the same thing. Their two

10 ALL HANDS detailers will make every effort to station them geographi- topic discussed was how to keep dependents informed. We cally close together. There will be separations though, just have got to do better in this area and Navy-wide efforts are as there are when sailors are married to civilians.Some being made to improve the situation.” separations could be avoided, however, if married military personnel informed their detailers of their status in the Q Can we expectNavy commands to call dependents proper manner-via the DX.” together regularly to inform them and field questions? A “Manycommands already do this-especially before Q: Now that the Coast Guard is sending women to sea, deployments. All commands should do it.” will there be a similar change in Navy regulations? Q: What is the purpose of thePetty Officer Quality “That’s a decisionthat will haveto be made by A: Control Review Board and does it operate as envisioned? Congress. I thinkwomen can be useful in billets at sea. A: “The board’s purpose is to ‘weed out’ individuals who TheNavy needs greater flexibility of assignmentthan it are not responsible petty officers. I can say with absolute currently has since its female population has been steadily confidence that the board is doing an excellent job and I increasing.” believe they will become even more effective.” Q What about joint service marriages-can they hope to Q: In what areas does the Navy still need to devote more be stationed together? time and attention? A “In all honesty, I haveto say it would be basedon A “If I had to single out one area needing the most total pure chance. That’s an almost impossible detailing problem improvement, I would cite leadership/management training. to overcome.” We are looking into a program to correct this.”

Q: Does the Navy stress the importance of an informed Q Finally, what quality is essential to a person desiring dependent community? to make the Navy a career? A: ‘‘I don’t think anything could be said to overemphasize A: “The most important quality or qualification is that the theimportance ofan informed dependentcommunity. individual must personally-deep insidelike the Navy. If Recently the Navyheld a retention conference; onemain he does, he will probably achieve success.” &

December 1977 11

L Rishts & Benefits yourduty choice is not available or cannot be approved, everyeffort will be made-beforeyou reenlist-to find a Travel Opportunities duty station that meets your personal requirements. People join the Navy for many reasons, not the least of It’s not only for first termerseither; second term members which is an opportunity to travel. “Join the Navy and see interested in Guard assignments are invited to apply. Talk the world” beckoned the old recruiting posters and they’re over the possibilities with your detailer and then complete just as true today as then. Choose a place, any place, any- the necessary applications. where, and chances are the Navy is already there or goes U.S. NavalSupport Force in Antarctica-Thissea there regularly. duty is worth double credit and gains an Antarctic Service Navy people serve in every state and in just about every Medal, not to mention the challenge of being part of the country in the freeworld. There are morethan 3,000 task force supporting long-range scientific programs carried Navy activities ranging in size from small recruiting stations out under the auspices of the National Science Foundation. scatteredacross the nation to greatnaval complexes like Other benefits include early advancement, if eligible, and a Norfolk, Va., andSan Diego, Calif. There are billets to seven-day rest and recreation period at Christchurch in New fill in ships, submarines, aircraft,at shore stations, the South Zealand.After your one-year tour, youalso get reassign- Pole and even in foreign navies. If traveling is your bag, the mentbenefits-that could well mean any available duty Navy can fill it. assignment you choose. O.K., yourbags are packedand you’re ready to go- If you’reinterested, have your career counselor check what next? If you know exactly where you want to go and chapter nine of the Enlisted Transfer Manual and BuPers nothing is going to change your mind, get the word to your Notice 1300 of 8 April 1977 to see if you qualify. detailer in Washington, D. C. Do this by completing a Duty 0 Overseas Assignment-You can’t see the world unless Preference Form (NavPers 1306/63), available from your you go there and an overseas assignment gives you an op- career counselor or personnel officer. You should submit a portunity to see part of itfirsthand and at yourleisure. revisedDuty Preference Form whenever there is an im- Chapter four of the Enlisted Transfer Manual spells out the portant change in your personal status-such as a change qualificationsrequired for eachbillet and indicates tour in number of dependents-and, of course, whenever your lengthsand obligated service necessary. If you think you duty preferences change. qualify for an overseas assignment, the next step is to com- The Duty Preference Form is a key element in the Navy’s plete a Duty Preference Form or Enlisted Special Duty Re- computerized duty assignment system and it tells your de- quest Form, availablefrom your career counselor. tailer where you would liketo be stationed (listing first, sec- OverseasHomeporting-If you would liketo serve ond and third choices). Sometimes, the type of duty or the overseas, but are not eligible for shore duty, you might con- locationyou requested is not available, but, inall cases, sider duty with a ship, aircraft squadron or staffwhich is your preferences will be given every possible consideration. homeported overseas. You can bring your family and, cur- Suppose, though, your bags aren’t packed, but you would rently, almost all enlisted rates and ratings have an excellent really like to go somewhere if you only knew where “some- chance for transfer to overseas homeports. where” could be? Take a closer look then at some of the Currently, there are fleet units homeported in the follow- Navy’s travel and duty assignment opportunities: ing locations: Gaeta, Italy; Guam, Marianas Islands; Holy 0 The Guard Program-Guaranteed Assignment Reten- Loch, Scotland; LaMaddalena,Sardinia; Naples, Italy; tion Detailing-it’sgo-where-you-want-to-goa program Rota,Spain; Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines;and that comes complete with a written guarantee that you’ll go Yokosuka, Japan. there if you meet the requirements and agree to reenlist for Procedures to follow to geta transfer to an overseas a minimum of four years. To qualify, you must be a top location are outlined in BuPersInst 1300.40A. Your career performer in one of the eligible ratings-CREO group A, counselorwill explain the qualificationsand provide any B or C. help necessary to arrange a transfer at your rotation date or First term Navy people eligible for Guard receive a letter EAOS. from their detailer about six months before their EAOS in Travel is something most people want, but few can afford whichthey are offereda number of assignmentoptions. to go to the places of their dreams. In the Navy, you can This is your chance to pick your own assignment, any place see the world or any part of it you desire. The opportunities from your hometown to an exotic foreign city. In the event are here-why not take advantage of one today?

12 ALLHANDS

Regatta Revival BY 503 FRANCIS BIR 1907. That is, nobody saw it till sev- eral monthsago when Commander There was an old warehouse at the Bill Burns, commanding officer of the Naval Reserve Center in New reserve center, found it. Rochelle,N.Y., that needed a good Whenword spread, Commander cleaning. It had stuff in it that hadn’t Larry Miralia, a reserve officer at the beentouched in years. One of the New Rochelle center, who is also act- items there was a big, ugly, old trophy ingcommodore of the LongIsland made of bronze and silver,dating Sound Naval Sailing Association, back to 1907. It was a saihg trophy thought it would be a good idea to

that hadn’t seen the light of dayin over 60 years. The last entry on its tarnished plate named the New York Naval Militia, Battery“B,” as the winner of the NavalMilitia Sailing Cutter Trophy regatta. That was in 1916. Battery “B” wn that race in a two-masted,wooden long boat. The Photos by CDR Thomas J. Duficy rules of the race allowed for the teams to row their boats if the wind died down to less than 5 knots. After the last race in 1916, the trophy was stowedaway; the sailors went off to join in the “Great War.” That was the last time anyone saw the trophy that had originally been a majorprize inthe Larchmont Race Week since the regatta was started in ALL HANDS r put thetrophy back in circulation. So, with support from the Naval Sail- ing Association, the Larchmont Yacht Club,and the Ensign Burke Chapter of the Naval Reserve Association act- ing as the race committee, the regatta was on. Teamswere invited from all over the UnitedStates. Naval attaches at the foreim embassies were contacted

15 Regatta Revival and invited to sail in mompetition. Three races wereheld on a very with a record of two firsts and a sec- Among the 18 teams entered in the sunny Saturday in July. It was a per- ond. races werethose from the Royal fect day for sailing, with northwester- Second place was taken by repre- Navy, the CanadianNavy, the US. ly winds gusting to 25 knots. Two re- sentativesfrom the Norfolk Naval Air Force, the NavalAcademy, the servistsfrom USS Harlan County Sailing Association. And the third New Zealand Navy and local reserve (UT 1196), LT DrewBisset and place winnerwas the manwho ar- units from the greater New York BM3Dexter Alderezzio, won the ranged the wholething, CDR Larry area, as well as other active and re honor of being the first fo have their Miralia. serveNavy teams. The Larchmont names inscribed on the old trophy in After the races, the Larchmont YachtClub provided 15-foot “Blue- more than 60 yearsby winning the YachtClub sponsored aclam bake jay’’racing sloops. best of three races.They wound up for the participants andguests. The wholeaffair was considered such a success that the Naval Militia Sailing Cutter Trophy Regatta will be con- tinued indefinitely. Next year @he sponsors hope to in- vite 10 teamls from foreign navies and 10 from the U.S. Navy. Saillors inter- estedin joining next year’s regatta andgetting achance to have their namesadded to anold relic should contact CDR Larry Miralia, Commo- dore, Long Island SoundNaval Sail- ing Association, c/o Navy and Marine CorpsReserve Center, 270 Main St., N-m Rochelle, NY 10801. &

16 ALL HANDS Information Exchanse

Q. The Defense Department now has a modern jet air- alleged error or injustice, the Board may deny an applica- lift force, supported by commercialair companies in time tion without a hearing, recommend relief without a hearing of an emergency. Does the Navy stillneed to maintain a or setthe case for a hearing.Hearings are based upon sealift force? documentedevidence and the burden of proof rests with A. Between 1964 and 1973, morethan 74.5 million the applicant. Applications for correction of naval records measurementtons (40 cubicfeet per ton) of drycargo under the provisions of Title 10, U.S. Code, Section 1552 weresealifted to Southeast Asia, as were 16 millionlong (DD Form 149) may be obtained by writing the Board for tons of petroleumproducts. Some 400,000 troopswere Correction of NavalRecords, Department of theNavy, also movedby sea in theearly phase of thatwar. More Washington, D. C. 20370. See BuPersMan, 5040200, for than 95 per cent of the entire volume of supplies delivered further information. to Southeast Asia moved by ship. This will be true in any future emergency, a factillustrated by thewar in the Middle East. Airliftand sealift are notcompeting modes Q. How much can Z actually save by shopping at the of transport.Airlift can deploy troops quickly and move Navy Exchange? highpriority equipment. But, the huge volume necessary A. Retailprice surveys show that customerscan save to maintain a deployed fighting force requires ships which between 20 and25 per cent by shopping at theirNavy have a far greater capacity than aircraft. exchange. The NavyResale System Office in Brooklyn, N.Y., develops this information by conducting semiannual Q. I have signed up for a correspondence course that is priceco'mparison surveys between Navyexchanges and VA approved, but I'm havingsecond thoughts about the commercial stores; price surveysare conducte'd in the spring course. If I cancel, am I liable for thecontract? and fall of eachye'ar. Exchange prices on 150 itemsare A. Acontract for enrollment must be affirmed by the compared with local commercial prices. Results of a 1976 student more than ten days after the contract was signed. survey, published in July, show that Navy exchanges pro- If morethan ten days has expired and you have signed vided a savings of 21.9 per cent when compared to average the affirmation agreement, you can be charged for a portion retail prices charged in commercial stores. of the course.

Q. I havea $10,000 National Service Life Insurance Q. How are alternates for advancement selected? policy. It is a term contract andthe premium escalates A, Alternates are selected for advancement in pay- every five years.The cost isbecoming prohibitive. Are grades E-7 through E9 only.About 16 monthsbefore there any options available to me? the final increment of an advancement cycle, the number A. You may convert your term policy to a permanent of people needed to fill the anticipated vacancies in ea& contract. In addition to a stabilized premium, your policy paygrade is determined. Since this is an estimated number, will accrue a cash value. a proportionate number of alternate candidates are picked for each rate and paygrade. The selection bawds first Q. What is the Board for Correction of Naval Records identifythose primary selectees who will be advanced (BCNR) and what exactly does it do? during the advancement cycle. The boards then select the A. BCNR is composed of high-ranking civilian employ- alternates. It is important to note that all individuals on ees of the various bureaus and offices of the Navy Depart- the primary list must be advancedbefore my alternates mentand from Headquarters Marine Corps. BCNR can may be consideredfor advancement. And, depending on bepetitioned for the correction of anynaval record in how many vacancies exist when the primary selectee num- order to correct an error or to remove an injustice. Cases bers are comparedwith the total authorizedNavy end reviewed include requests for corrective action involving the strength for each paygrade, the alternate list may be ex- removal of officer fitness reports, removalof enlisted evalua- ecuted in whole, in part, or not at all. In addition, alter- tions, review of unfavorable discharges, review of physical nate selectem are advanced htin the most undermanned disabilityretirements, review of nonjudicialpunishment, rates. Finally, alterme that are not selected for advance- crediting of constructive service, entitlementsto reenlistment ment during the particular advancement cycleare no longer bonuses, corrections to dates of rank, etc. Upon review of eligible for advancement, but must be reselected by a sub- allthe documentary evidence of recordpertaining to the sequent selection beard. 9,

December 1W7 17 It works at Lakehurst BY BUD SHARKEY Churins has beendirector for two lyn and Philadelphia activities. “About years, long enough to become enthu- 20 percent come in voluntarily for “In 30 days, you can be sober for siasticabout the program and long assistance, the rest are sent, ordered the rest of your life,” said Lieutenant enough to attest to the Navy’sneed by their commands for screening and, Peter R. Churins, a 10-year Navy vet- for it. if necessary, treatment. eran and director of the Counseling “We are treating 20 to 30 people a “A person does not necessarily have andAssistance Center/Alcohol Reha- month for drug abuse and alcoholism,” to bewilling toenter the program, bilitation Drydock (CAAC/ARD), at he said. His clients come from Lake- that’s a common misconception. What theNaval Air Engineering Center, hurst’s many commands,the Naval some don’t realize is that the individual Lakehurst, N.J. Weapons Station, Earle, N.J., Brook- is under the influence of a drug, and if you get him into a drug-free environ- ment for a period of timehis bodily systemschange, and his attitude, therefore,changes. Regardless of whether or not they want treatment, a certain percentage will get better.” That philosophy seems to be produc- ing results Navywide. Seventy per cent of the Navy personnel treated for al- coholism, for example, are successfully rehabilitatedand restored to effective duty.“The program is going strong because we are putting a product back into the Navy,” Churins said. While treatment is important within the CAAC/ARD framework, it shares a dual function with diverse counseling and education provided by staff mem- bers, or arranged with local community experts. “We’re in business to offer drugand alcohol counseling, and to helppeople with personal problems. Ours is multi-faceted treatment, we’re tryingto treat the whole person,” Churins said. “Forexample, last March we worked closely with the Navy Regional Medical Center clinic in sponsoring a physicians’ education project on alco- holism, in conjunction withthe Univer- sity of Pennsylvania and the Physi- cians’Education Training Project.” More than 100 military and civilian physicians attended. “Approximately every six weeks we run a drugand alcohol education course open to all military commands withinour district. We recently com- pleted a threeday course for training collateral duty counselors at the Naval

ALL HANDS Air Development Center, Warminster, rinssaid, “It’sthe supervisor’srespon- tion with other clients. Pa., and a threeday exemption repre- sibility to get.the-man into-scre.ening. A major thrust of the program .is to sentative course for .Destroyer Squad- It’s available and it works. But the provide the clients the tools they meed ron Thirty in Philadelphia.” sooner weget theindividua1;the easier to create and .then maintain a recovery Threetimes weekly, Alcoholics it is to treat:him.” program. A nurse lectures on proper Anonymous meetings are. held at the Treatment is generally a 30-day pro- diet and nutrition. A medical :officer CAAC/ARD;ALANON. and ALA- gram that begins with a,medical evalu- explains the medical impact of drug TEEN groups meet weekly. ation. Churins stressed themedical and alcohol abuse. Security and Navy According to theNational Council personnel are an important part of the investigation service personnel outline on Alcoholism, ten million Americans entire program and, in addition, they the legal ramifications of abuse. suffer from the disease of alcoholism, also are often the frst ones .to identify “We see Alcoholics Anonymous as andthe alcoholic is often the last alcoholics and drug abusers and begin the .best long-term program there is. It person to recognize the sickness. the treatment process. gives them a personal contact-they’re While itis possible forsomeone-an “Currently we are running drug and not alone,” said Churins. activeduty, Reserve,or retired service alcohol .abusers together in aself- Are the different formsof counseling man or woman, civil service employee awareness .group’which meets for an important to the alcoholic and mem- or dependent-to seek and receive as- hour or two each.day,”Churins said. bers .of his family? sistance, most alcoholics do not iden- The group part of the program is Statistics show that 40 per cent of tify themselves as such and, therefore,designed to give clients a wider per- casesreaching family court in the must be ordered into treatment. Chu- spective of .their situation by interac- United States involvealcoholism. As

many I as 40 per cent of delinquent .children, too, are the products of fam- ilies which are headed by an alcoholic. Trained Navy people, usually ca- reer-designated petty officers, conduct the CAAC/ARD treatment-they are all volunteers who must successfully completetough Navy schools. At Lakehurst,the lieutenant strives to provide his staff with experiences to build their skills and supplement their classroom training. His staff includes Chief AviationBoatswain’s Mate (Launchingand Recovery) Frank Cox, Builder 1st Class Bill Barchett, Hospi- talCorpsman 2nd ClassWalter “Mickie” Finn, Seaman Paul Ronan, and Miss Joy Groetzinger. “This isn’tan easy job,” Churins said, “but it’s tremendously satisfying. It shows that the Navy can effectively takecare of itsown. A lot of the program is just simple human concern, one person for another.” The staff is in the business of helping people.

Jackis an alcoholic, high-school created. Familyproblems, hostile en- 14. With his .mother, hemoved from dropout,drug abuser, product of a vironments,financial chaos, and a Atlanta, where he had been using and broken home, and the father of a child myriad of personalproblems become dealing in marijuana, to Tampa. There he has never seen, by a woman who too much .to cope with. Alcoholism is he became involved .with a .woman 11 is not his wife. Jack is only 18. the symptom that becomes the prob- years his senior. He ,quit school. On A common theory is that alcoholics lem. Jack is a,living example. his eighteenth birthday,he enlisted. and drug. abusers aren’t born; they’re His parents divorcedwhen he was “After I got out of boot. camp,” he

December 1977 19 said during an interview at the Lake- ymous meetings almost every night. I He expects he’ll be watched closely hurst Counseling and Assistance Cen- justdon’t need booze anymore. I if he’s allowed to stay in the service. ter/Alcohol Rehabilitation Drydock, found out from associating with differ- He expects any future trouble to come while still in treatment, “I started ent kinds of people that you don’t from people who have problems them- thinkingthe service wasn’t for me; I have to be high to have fun. selves with alcohol. “However, I’m started drinking real heavy.” He went “They have a beermachine in the able to see other peoples’problems, over the hill but got a second chance barracks. I can walkup to it, stand now. I’ve been through it.” andwas reassigned to a school.But beside it andit doesn’t even bother His personal problemsweigh heavily he didn’t learn hislesson and went me. All it takes is the will to change; onhis mind. “I’ve gotan 18-month- UA again. This time, he was ordered that, and help from other people.” old son I have never seen. I’ve been to the CAAC/ARD for screening as a Jacksays he’s been getting plenty thinking about him a lot since I’ve possible alcoholic. of help from CAAC/ARD staff mem- been here.” “The firstcouple of weeks at the bers and some of his military superiors, Jack seems confdent that he can go drydock, theycouldn’t get me to do along with civilians from thelocal in a positive direction from this stage. anything.Then they started to community. “I know people I can call If allowed to stay in the service, he straighten me out. Theytell you it’s for help at any time.” sayshe’d like to getan equivalency your life. If you’re trying to fool some- Jackstill has problemsand he ad- diploma, and possibly work toward a body, you’re really just foolingyour- mits it. “Lots of people still think they college degree. “If I get the opportu- self. ’’ can order you to quit andyou can nity, I know I cando it. People are Jack hasn’t had a drink for a month. quit.Well, it doesn’t work like that. starting to see how I’m getting squared “I’ve been going to Alcoholics Anon- Alcoholism is a disease.” away.” “The cost isworthit” Today,there are two answers to holrehabilitation facilities. It cost the weretreated as either outpatients or that old refrain,“What do you do government $22.6 million(including pa- nonresidents. with a drunkensailor?” You cangive tients’ pay while in rehabilitation) to Sinceabout 45 per cent of thealco- him the minimum treatmentrequired treatthe 5,077 resident patients ofholics treated to date havebeen en- underthe law, perhaps help him these facilities. Theother alcoholics listed, the studyfocused on this group straightenout his seabagand then politely-butfirmly-show him the door. TREATMENT FOLLOWING MONTHS COMPLETION Or you cantry to identify the prob- 100 lem drinker early, get him into a com- prehensivealcoholism treatment pro- gram and, hopefully, return him to “” duty fully recoveredand likely to re- main that way. TheNavy likes the second ap- proach.Indeed, three largeAlcohol Rehabilitation Centers (ARCS), three -“ Alcohol Rehabilitation Services (ARSs), 17 smaller Alcohol Rehabilitation Units PERCENT (ARUs)in designated naval medical TREATMENT centers, and 56 local command Alcohol EFFECTIVENESS -“ Rehabilitation Drydocks(ARDs) in- cluding aircraft carriers are all working tomake this method ofdealing with alcoholics a success. The Navy likes this approach be- cause itis also the human approach: helping out your fellow sailor in trou- ble. But it is also very expensive. Last year, morethan 17,000 active 2ot” duty Navy and Marine Corps person- L nel were treated at these various alco- OO 6 12 18 24 30 20 ALLHANDS. of people and, specifically,upon the tained on continuous active duty. induction, and during reenlistment and enlisted who received residential treat- Thestudy, whichspanned a two- annual physical examinations. ment-which generates higher costs year evaluation period, also took a Educate management levels re- than nonresidential treatment. look at how effective the Navy’s alco- garding the characteristics, costs and Thisis not to suggest the Navy’s holismrehabilitation efforts are, what other effects of the disease of alcohol- economicproblems of alcoholism are happensto the alcoholic sailor and ism and alcohol abuse. onlyin the enlistedcommunity. Ex- .what can be done to further increase Reexamine the several types of pansion of the study into the officer theNavy’s ability to economically alcohol treatment available to deter- corps would show an increased value treat and return the alcoholic sailorto mine which is most effective for each of the Navy Alcohol Prevent Program. duty.Some of the findings of that segment of the alcoholicpopulation. For example, the successful rehabilita- study: For example, the Navy Alcohol Safety tion of a naval aviator with 1 to 10 The alternative of arbitrarily dis- ActionProgram (NASAP) may be chargingdiagnosed alcoholics and re- moreeffective with the younger abu- placingthem with new personnel is sers who can benefit fkom the 36 hours 2.2 times more costly overall than the of concentrated remedial education in- present alcoholism rehabilitation pro- stead of formal alcoholism treatment. gram. Most important, the advantage Thestudy noted thatthe Navy’s of rehabilitating career personnel with treatment methods are generally simi- 5 to 15 years service is almost 6 to 1. lar among the different types of facili- In other words, for every dollar spent ties. Treatment is a combination of the in treating a 5 to 15 year career person, best multidisciplinary medical technol- six dollars are saved in terms of poten- ogy, professional and paraprofessional tial future years of service by those counseling,and use of Alcoholics career personnel. Anonymous.There is also the ability Treatment effectiveness for age to vary the treatment to meet individ- group 26 yearsand over is 83 per ual needs. cent.For those 25 andunder, the The 12,000-plus outpatient andnon- effectiveness rate is 44 per cent. Effec- residentalcoholics received effective tivenessis defined as: “If at the 24 treatment atless cost to the Navy. monthpoint subsequent to treatment This is not to say all alcoholics should the individual is, 1. performing as well beseen on an outpatient basis. The as, orbetter than peers, 2. recom- severity of alcohol abuse among some mendedfor promotion, 3. recom- dictates they be placed in a controlled Counseling dependents. mended for reenlistment (or has re- hospital environment if recovery is to ceivedan honorable discharge if no be effected. years sincedesignation represents a longer on active duty).” The study confirms what Navy plan- ners have feltfor some years. The prog- savings of $65,000 to $400,000, depend- 0 Before treatment, alcoholics have ingon costs of undergraduate pilot a sick day rate three times higher than ram works well, iscost effective, is leg- training and readiness training for type the average Navy-Marine Corps serv- ally and humanely sound both for the and model of aircraft. icemember. The rehabilitated mem- Navy and the sailor, andenhances read- It is to the Navy’sadvantage that ber’ssick day rate equals the Navy- iness by keeping experienced people on these people get back on the job. But Marine Corps average. the job. since the Navy cannot assume alcohol- Basedon these and other fmdings, Alcoholabuse problems in the ism rehabilitation as a primary mission the study recommended: United Statesare a $42.75 billion a yearhangover. By conservativeesti- and because militarymoney is tight 0 Stressing early, identification pro- and likely to stay that way, the Chief grams to increase the chances of treat- mates, alcohol abuse in the Depart- of Naval Personnel commissioned a ment success and to reduce the strains ment of the Navy results in an annual private research fm to find out if the placed on the health care facilities for $360 million to $680 million economic money spent is worth it. in-patient treatment. This early identi- loss. In light of thesefigures, and, The results of this recently released fication program should allow non- given that analcohol abuser on the study show it would have costthe medical personnel, like supervisors, to job endangers not only himself but his Department of the Navy $44 million if spot alcoholism problems like declining fellow workers,the image of the thesealcohol-dependent personnel work performance, domestic diffkul- happy-go-lucky “drunken sailor” takes were discharged.Instead, the $22.6 ties, indebtedness, traffic and other civil on a serious edge. He’s not funny or million spent on rehabilitation resulted offenses, and military offenses such as witty or pleasant to be around and in a $26.4 million net savings by cost disrespect, insubordinationand unau- whilehe may be trying to prove to avoidance. Inaddition, substantial thorizedabsenteeism. In themedical himselfthat he is a “he-man,” he is numbers of skilled, experienced Navy area, the report recommends lab tests really a hazard and a serious liability. and Marine Corps personnel were re- for alcohol abuse be accomplished at

December 1977 21 BY LT DONALDR. NONTELLE of beingthemost prolific supplier of trained talent to the fleet. As the largest naval training center in the world, the Great Lakes? You’ve just calledyour detailer andhe basehas produced. more than 3 million graduates, said, “Great Lakes!” including-each year-more than 30,000 recruits and 26,000 You are frantically thinking, “Me? . . . Orders? . . . students of the.Service Schools Command. GreatLakes? . . . Thatcold, frozen winter wasteland? Living conditions. atservice schools are superiorfor Home of 0500 reveilles, double timing, shaved heads, toe- trainees and instructors at the “Lakes,” with some of the to-heel, and constant fatigue? That. Great Lakes?!” newest BEQs in the Navy. Because of thischallenging,, even gruelling experience; While attachedto one of the 20 commands,Navy your image of the “Lakes” may no1 be the fondest. Yet personnel have a great opportunity to work on an advanced there is much more to. Great Lakes than Boot Camp. The degree through the Navy Campus for Achievement (NCFA) facilitiesand services on base andthe surrounding area program.Several late afternoon andevening courses are offer such a widevariety of activities that. Great Lakes offered on base byCollege of LakeCounty, Roosevelt surely has a lot to offer. University, and Southern Illinois University; Withindriving Great Lakes is on Lake Michigan, 18 miles south of the distance are Northwestern University in Evanston, Pepper- Wisconsin state line and, less than anhour’s drive from dine University, the University of Wisconsin-Parkside,and either Milwaukee or Chicago. several others. Since its inception, the “Lakes” has had .the distinctionOne of the first; contacts madeby arriving personnelis with the housing.oEce staff: The Director of the Housing Department and a veteran of 17 years at Great Lakes, A. L. Bradley., notes, “We understand the trauma of.moving and have empathy with our customers.” Bradley supervises morethan 2;200 housing assets on over 500 acres of land, (including 150 mobile home spaces). That exceeds one-third of the area of the base. The housing

22 ALL HANDS ranges from two-bedroom, multiple dwelling apartments to The lament, “there’s nothing to do here, so I’ll just sit,” four-bedroom, brick, split levels. is far from applicable at Great Lakes. Although some housing is as old as 25 years, extensive The challengehere is in which of the many activities remodeling isan ongoing process.Says Public Works should one participate. Executive Officer, Commander J. A. Westcott, “Our pro- Intramural sports constitutethe largest part of Special gram is bringing the older buildings up to the standards of Servicesactivities; competition includes softball, golf and our new housing. We’ve done a pretty good job so far.” basketball. Constitution Field, recreation area on Mainside As might be expected, there is a waiting list for housing, (or the main base), has several ball diamonds and an though it isn’t as bad as some other bases. To help offset adjacent horseshoe pitching rectangle. this problem, the Housing Referral Office, also under Nearby are two buildings for gymnastics, boxing, indoor Bradley’s direction, coordinates more than 12,000 units of tennis,and racquetball. There are evenfacilities for judo property with area real estate agents. and karate along with a sauna. Undoubtedly, even before settling in, the Navy Exchange Withinthe confines ofMainside lies perhapsthe most (NEX) will be one’s first stop. The main exchange is the pleasant surprise on the base-excellent boatingfacilities. fourthlargest in thecontinental United States, andranks Slipscan be rented for power craft and sailboats alike. seventhworldwide. Profits in 1976 totaled $1.8 million, a Special Services has a “fleet” of 41 craft for hire, anything large portion of which is funneled into the base consolidated froma 14-foot Sunfish to a 22-footCatalina, or eventhe welfareand recreation fund. Other exchange services in- pride of the fleet, the 36-footer, “Stormy.” cludea uniform shop, optical shop, personalized services There are two pools on base, one of which is indoors, center and check-cashing windows. for all-weather use, though perhaps the largest indoor With the great success the Exchange has had serving its clientele, plans are now being made to build an even larger main exchange, to open by late 1980.

December 1977 23 participationsport is bowling. The base has twosmaller lanes, and a new32-lane house, which sports a billiard parlor. The competitive aspect of recreation is not the only thing stressed through Special Services at the “Lakes.” Recently moved to Camp Barry isthe Arts and CraftsCenter, where talents in ceramics, lapidary, candlemaking, leather tooling and copper finishing can be developed. Nearby are the do-it-yourself areas for ham radio enthu- siasts or woodworking hobbyists. For the car buff, there is a 30-stall service building in the Forrestal Village housing area. There is also a flying club, with access to two planes at Waukegan airport; a rod-and-gun club; and a teen club. Special Services excels in services, too. From the recre- ation gear locker, roller skates, fishing gear, cross-country skis and othersports equipment can be checked out. Special Services coordinates off-base tours to such places as the Holland, Mich., Tulip Festivalin May and excursions to Milwaukee and Chicago. One other welcome and essential service performed by Special Services is the Child Care Center. The supervisors are proud of their programs for infants, pre-schoolers and early school-age chldren. Chicago, with the Museum of Science and Industq!, the Cubsand the Bears, is just a @minutedrive from the “Lakes.” Or, there’s Milwaukee with the Brewers, Bucks, German food and, of course, beer.

ALL HANDS i

k

“ Waukegan, the largestcity in Lake County, is a good fishing port and combines industry with the beauty of city parks. Also nearby is the fascinating Great America, a fimily-theme park with discount tickets available at Special Services. For morenature-filled recreation, there’s the Chain of Lakes State Park, about 25 miles northwest, or the Illinois Beach State Park, just north of Waukegan. DentalTechnician 2nd Class Frank Bruton, fresh from hi:s last station in San Diego, described his new surroundings at the “Lakes”; “My last duty station was nice, but . . . the change of seasons, the beauty of the Lake, andthe challenge of my new job make thistour an exciting prospect.” 9,

25 Bearincrsw the SAM theycouldn’t see that hurt. developed a unique instrument to eval- Mechanical Eyeball Thecrew of anySearch and Rescue uate just how much visibility any air- The humaneyeball is probably the aircraft can attest to the importance of craft offers its crew. mostimportant single system in any good visibility, also, so can the individ- It’s called FOVEA, Fieldof View Navy aircraft. uals who have been rescued. Evaluation Apparatus. A relatively In spite ofall the sophisticated sys- The Naval Air Test Center at Patux- simpledevice, FOVEA consists of a tems available to them, the pilots dodg- ent River, Md.. recognizes that clear, television monitor, table-top computer ingSAM missiles overVietnam soon constantvisibility for the crew is ex- and an XY plotter. Just as important, learnedthey could usually outmaneu- tremelyimportant in any aircraftde- FOVEA’Ssmall size, portabilityand ver the missiles they could see. It was sign, so PaxRiver engineers have low cost make it a very important and cost-effectiveaddition to the test and - evaluation capabilities of the Naval Air Test Center. Basically, FOVEAis a television camera mounted on an adjustable rack whichcan be mounted in anycrew- position on anytype of aircraft.The camera isthen adjusted to the exact “designeye position” and pro- grammedto provide information on just howwell the crewmember can see. As thecamera sweeps around the cockpit windshields, it records any interior or exteriorobstruction which hindersthe pilot’s view. The obstruc- tion might be an instrument placed on topof the instrument panel, or the refueling probe extending out from the aircraft, or even the aircraft’s nose. Oncethe XY plot is completed, it servesas an aircrewman’s fieldof view “fingerprint” of that aircraft. This quantitative data, alongwith the sub- jective data gatheredfrom crewmem- bers, becomes a base for evaluating all future work on the aircraft which might affect the crew’s external vision. 3,000 a Minute The Phalanx radar-controlled, close- in missile defense system was success- fully tested aboard USS Bigelow (DD %2), andapproved for service in the fleet by the Chief of Naval Operations in late August. Phalanx incorporatesan automatic

ALL HANDS Gatlinggun and sehontained radar Anchors Awry? Inturn, Commander Thomas Head, system. It is designed, as a last line of Tattnall’s commandingofficer, ac- defenseagainst antiship missiles and USS’Tattnall CDDG- 19)recently lent cepted an invitation for dinner aboard fires 3,000 -rounds a minute. Phalanx a helpinghand totwo neighborsin Welsh Liberty. has completed technical andopera- distress while moored in Ville-Franche, But thatwas hardly the.end of tional evaluations’ which tested its ac- France. Tattnal’s “helping hand” program-the curacy and reliability. The Officer of the Deck, Chief Gun- nextday a distresssignal was heard During evaluations. Phalanx consist- ner’s Mate Richard Engel,. was the from Conqueror, also a Welsh pleasure first to sight a 11Mootyacht drifting yacht. Anchortrouble again; Con- toward Tattnall. The Welsh Liberty, a queror’s anchor had become entangled pleasure yachtfrom Cardiff, Wales, in chainsfrom. the buoy to which was dragging anchor and inching stead- Tattnall was moored. As the wind ily toward Tattnall. Engel learned from blew Tattnall aroundon its mooting, WelshLiberty’s captainthat she the ship movedslowly but steadily couldn’t reset her anchor because of a toward Conqueror. broken winch. Onceagain the alarm was sounded Lines were attached and Welsh Lib- and Conqueror waspulled alongside. erty was brought alongside. Then, Sen- This time, repair work was accom- ior Chief Machinist’s Mate Ira Howell, plishedby Tattnall’s hull technicians, Machinist’sMate 2nd Class Charles who cut the yacht’s anchor free. Jarvis, Chief Boatswain’s Mate Stanley Later, 15 children and their parents Gains and Chief Master at ArmsJames from Conqueror were given a tour of Jones repaired. Welsh Liberty’s anchor Tattnall. When Conqueror got under- winch by jury ‘rigging a patch of leather way later that day, many smiles, waves around the winch’s brakeshoe and add- and friendly words passed between the ing plenty of “elbow grease.” rails of both ships. When the yacht had reanchored, While enjoying a stop on the French Tattnall’sChief Petty Officers’ Mess Riviera, Tattnall was ready, willing hosted Welsh Liberty’s crew for lunch. and able to lend a helping hand.

ently exceeded performance standards set for the system, and in one test measuring reliability, it registered four times the needed scure. In another testmeasuring accuracy, Phalanx en- gaged 35 out of 35 test targets. Phalanx’s majortechnical. achieve- mentis a closed-loopradar spotting system whichsimultaneously calcu- lates the. location of both the threaten- ingplatform and its projectile. With thisinformation locked in, Phalanx automatically, directs a stream of pro- jectiles throughout its firing burst onto the enemy targets. It is expectedthat Phalanx will be delivered to the fleet in 1979:

December 1477 27 on the back for a job well done, CBU Three-Time Winner 4 I6 andSelf-Help personnel are not Louisville Is O.K. For the third consecutive year, Na- resting on their laurels. The rumble of A surprise July inspection of a new valAir StationAlameda, Calif., has heavy equipment, pounding of ham- training system at the Naval and Ma- won theSelf-Help Bronze Hammer mersand clanking of pipes continues rine CorpsReserve Center Award. The award is presented an- as the program .moves on toother (N&MCRC),Louisville, Ky., resulted nually to those commands working to projects. in a “welldone and congratulations” improvethe quality of Navy life tothe reserve community from the through Self-Help. Chief of Naval Reserve Vice Admiral Construction Battalion Unit 4 16 Nightmare Ended Pierre Charbonnet. (CBU 416) provided the technical ex- The system, approved on a one-year pertiseand supervision. The station’s It was after midnight. When one of pilot basis for the Naval Reserve Read- Self-Helpdivision provided a portion the cars in a caravan of friends travel- iness CommandRegion Nine head- of the manpower during the past years ing from Gardena, Calif., to San Diego quartered in Memphis, Tenn., places a on such projects as a picnic area shel- developedmechanical problems, they strong emphasisupon individual rat- ter, fishing pier, parkinglot security allpulled over intothe safety lane of ingsand functional team training. tower, renovation of the enlisted club the freeway to help. N&MCRC Commanding Officer Lieu- and theater, and improvements to bar- Mrs. Merrilee Kjar stopped her sta- tenant Commander J. A. Franklin op. racks. tionwagon, put on theemergency eratesthe system similar toa fleet In conjunction with the air station’s flashers, andleaving her seven-year- training center. Commandingofficers new FleetRecreation Center, CBU oldson Michael sleeping in the back, of all units drilling ona particular 416 andSelf-Help graded playing went over to findout how long the weekendprovide trainees to rating fields, installed asprinkler system, repairs would take. group classes and functional team evo- erected backstops, paved tennis and Then with almost nightmarish slow- lutions for professional development basketball courts and completed exten- ness, another car crashed into the back and general military training. sive landscaping. of the station wagon. The vehicle burst Despitethe adjustments required in Althoughit’s nice to receive a pat into flames immediately. a training program of this size, Frank- Mrs. Kjar ran back and tried desper- lin said, “The system isworking well ately to free the trapped child. Senior and accomplishing what it is designed Chief Engineman James L. Brotemar- to do-provide trained reservists to kleassigned to Assault craft Unit I, supplement the active naval forces in NavalAmphibious Base Coronado, time of emergency.” Calif.,and Aviation Antisubmarine VADM Charbonnet obviously agreed Warfare Operator 1st ClassLeslie J. when he sent a message to the center Johnson, Air Antisubmarine Squadron which said, “If Louisville were a sea- 38 at San Diego, came to her aid. going command, we could,without Theypushed the mother out of reservation, state, ‘They’vegot their harm’sway, then seconds beforethe ship together’.” automobile’s gas tank exploded, John- sonreached in andpulled young Mi- chael from the flames, burning his own Gilmore Remembers hands and right foot in the process. .A year later, Michael, who received Combining a port visit to the French third degree burns over 45 percent of Riviera with ceremonieshonoring his body, was recovered enough to World War I1 veterans, the submarine watch his rescuers receivethe Navy tender USS Howard W.Gilrnore (AS andMarine Corps medal for “ . . . 16) recentlyvisited Theoule-Sur-Mer courageous and prompt actions in the at the invitation of the French govern- face of great .personal risk. . .” ment.

ALL HANDS Gilmore, commanded by Captain On the West Coast, the Third Fleet, designed to test the ability of a carrier Dean R. Sackett Jr., and homeported with Canadian support, held anti-sub- striking force to conduct offensive op- in La Maddalena,Sardinia. repre- marine, anti-air and electronic warfare erations while dealing with a variety of sented the U.S. Navy in honoring the and surface gunnery exercises. enemysurface, subsurface and air World War I1 landing in France of the Don'tworry, it's not WorldWar threats. 36thInfantry Division. The division, 111. These exercises were just a few. of The mini-invasion of Tinian was part aided byAllied naval forces andthe the many theNavy participates in of another exercise-Quick Jab X. The FrenchResistance movement, landed each year to develop fleet tactics and team tested the Quick Jab concept of in August 1944 atLe Dramont during provide continuous training. arapid assault on anobjective to Operation Dragoon. The amphibious exercise in Turkey destroy its usefulness toan enemy. Twoceremonies actually took was Display Determination 77, involv- For example, if an enemy had a radar place-a wreath was placed atthe ing air, land and naval forces from the or missile site that prohibited a large- Theoule WarMemorial, and Gilmore U.S., Italy, Greece, Portugal, Turkey scale attack, a Quick Jab team could andthe French support ship Rhin (A and the United Kingdom. The 'opera- come in to neutralize the site. 621) took part in a wreathceremony tion, held each fall, not only provides On the East Coast, twenty Atlantic at sea. importanttraining, but also demon- Fleet ships, several aviation units and Aboardship, Capt. Sackett said, strates NATO solidarity and the ability a RoyalNavy task group conducted "The platform this day is not just for to defendand reinforce the southern thelast in aseries of sixcombat the casting of a wreath upon the waters flank of Europe. readinessexercises labeled COMP- in memory of our valiant dead, but is Nearly 30 vessels from the U.S. and TUEX 77 (Composite Training Unit a visible reminder of perseverance and ItalianNavy participated in National Exercise). A similar exercise, held on vigilance-a challengethat we are Week XXIII in the Ionian Sea. The theWest Coast and called Varsity bound to keep." week-longnaval maneuvers, covering Sprint, involvedThird Fleet andCa- While a rifle salute rang through the more than 25,000 square miles,were nadian ships. & air, Capt. Sackettand themayor of Theoule-Sur-Mur casta wreath into the sea in memoryof the menwho died on thebeaches of France 33 years ago.

Continuous Training A few months ago, the US., along with severalother nations and with appropriate air andsurface ship sup- port, landed over 5,000 Marines from four NATO nations on abeach in Turkey. In the Ionian Sea southeast of Italy, a carrier strike force including Americanand Italian forces, battled against a variety of sea, air and land threats, while across the globe, in the Northern Marianas, a Navyand Ma- rine Corps amphibious assault team invaded the island of Tinian. Meanwhileback on the homefront, the Second Fleet trained off the East Coast with a Royal Navy task group.

December 1W7 29

and directed by Lieutenant JohnD. Fluck, proved to be an excellent good- will tool, playing many concerts in the Brazilian cities of Salvador and Rio. The Fourth of Julywas celebrated with an Open House on America, with some I,OOO local guests aboard for the traditional American picnicof hot dogs and hamburgers. Later, American res- idents of Rio hosted the sailors to an eveningon the beach complete with fireworks. Liberty over-now back to work and four days of operations withthe BrazilianNavy. Intensive at-sea drills with three Brazilian destroyers and twoBrazilian submarines were con- ducted in antisubmarine warfare. Some forty top-ranking Brazilian Air Force .andNavy commandersob- servedthe joint exercieses, including Admiral R. S. Espellet, Commander of Naval Operations and Lieutenant General R. A. Carrao, Commander Tactical Air Command of Brazil. After the exercises were completed andthe United States shipswere on their way home, the Task Group Com- mander, RADM Smith, put out a mes- sage to all hands which stated, “In my experience,never has a group this large conducted themselves so prop- erly in an overseas port.” Whilemost of us dream of Sugar- loaf, Copacabana Beach, Ipanema, and the other wondrousthings to see in Rio de Janeiro, the sailors of TG 20.4 can say, “I was there!”&

I

32 the Sargasso <.JOHNW. FOERSTER

!I ManyNavy people have sailed for pleasure. Few, though,have experi- encedthe conditions of “grandfather maritime” on long sea voyages-a feat diluted by the seas of time. As an oceanographer, however, I took a research cruise closely approxi- matingthose conditions; I wasChief Scientistaboard the researchvessel Westward. A 125-foot stay-sailschooner with auxiliarydiesel power supplementing 7,000 square feet of sail on twin masts, Westward is basically a quiet shipan oceanographer’sdream vessel. We were not to benefit from bow thrusters or cycloidal propellers to maintain our station.Instead, wehad to schedule samplingactivities to suit sail adjust- ments and underway “steaming” con- ditions. Watered,bunkered with fuel,food stowed,and armed with technical equipment, we set sail. With less than 24 hoursat sea, the wind backedto theNortheast, the seas roseand we came abreast a force ‘‘9” gale-a gen- uinenor’easter that lasted two days. Westward was set to the wind and her sails down hauled with only the main- sail reefed for stability. Roll increased as pitchmagnified. All hands heldon-some unsuccess- fully to their meals-and many tried to keeptheir equilibrium by clinging te- naciously to memories of wild roller- coaster rides.Eventually, though, the seas didsettle as the wind moved to the westernquarter. The jib topsails and fisherman were hoisted aloft while the mainsail was unreefed. We altered coursefor a diagonal trek across the Sargasso Sea.

34 L ”” Lab facilities, sleeping quarters and messing areas were cramped-each mile left us with an increasing admira- tion for “Old Navy” tars. Under way across the Sargasso Sea, we expended bathythermographs to obtain tempera- tureprofiles, collected plankton with high speed tows, and took water sam- plesto test for salinity and nutrients. Daily regimen was broken by a short liberty in Bermuda;then we headed south out of the westerlies, across the horse lattitudes and into the trade- winds.Each day the rising tempera- tures made life below decks less bear- able. Once palatable food became less appetizing though the cook labored untiringly in the hell heat of the galley. Sailing westward along the 22 degree latitude line, we celebrated the nation’s 201st birthdaywith food and song- some salt-water showeredfor the event while others took a four-knot scrubbing in the bosun’s chair. Sixteen days after settingsail, our voyage ended at Woods Hole, Mass.- we had covered 3,000 miles with only a few hundred under diesel power.,[ +)

December 1977 We had experienced the sea as had the first oceanographers. We knew the heat of the tropics, the gales of temper- atelatitudes, the problems of taking hydrostations, the “how-to$” of taking a fix with a sextant and maneuvering throughpassing squalls in the trades. Now, each of ustreasured some secrets of survival perfected by old salts but rediscovered by ourselves. Bolstered with better understanding, I look forward to my next oceanographic cruise-on another motor sailer. 9,

ALL HANDS 36 a I

S9 oo ! Figure 1. Cruise track of R/V Westward (W-34), June 8 - July 20, 1977.

The author, John W. Foerster, holds a doctorate in marine science from the Uni- versity of Connecticut. He teaches in the OceanographyDepartment at the Naval Academy, instructing in general, biological and chemical oceanography and supervis- ingthe department's lab and oceano- graphic vessel. Hehas been employed by the David TaylorShip Research and Development Center, working on antifouling compounds inthe center's environment and fire- fighting section. This past summer, he was chief scientist aboard WV Westward, operatedby the SEA Education Association and theOfice ofNaval Research. This was thefirst time diagonal tracsects south of Bermuda had been accomplished in connection with a study of temperature profdes and plank- ton distribution across the Sargasso Sea. 37 Grains of Salt Perry reopens trade with Japan By LT Tom Davis to open trade with Japan but all had failed, as did early American attempts. The most significant American ef- Thousands of astonished,yet curious peopl-in- fort before Perry’s was made in 1846 by Commodore habitants of a tiny island nation which had ignored the James Biddle. He, however, made the mistake of be world and its progress for more than 200 years-lined coming too familiar and friendly and so “lost face” with the shore andwatched as anAmerican naval officer the Japanese who ordered him never to return. ordered four ships to anchor in Tokyo Bay on the after- The next American officer to visit Japan was Com- noon of July 8, 1853. Commodore Matthew C. Perry, mander James Glynn in 1849. His mission was to re commandinga squadron of twosteam-powered men- turn to the United States 15 shipwreckedAmerican of-war and two sailing frigates, had arrived to reopen seamen who were being detained on the island. Behav- trade with the Empire of Japan. ing quite unlikeBiddle, he sailed his ship straight No sooner had the anchors been dropped than two through a cordon of Japanese guard boats. cannonswere fired from a nearby fort, signaling the Glynn threatened to beginshelling Nagasaki-the port city holding the sailors-if the Japanese did not immediately release their captives. The confused Japa- nese, not expecting threats of violence from Americans aftertheir experience with Biddle, quickly delivered their prisoners and Glynn departed. Once back in the states, Glynn reported to the Navy Department that the time was ripe for a serious Ameri- can attempt to open Japan. Secretary of the Navy W. A.Graham selected Commodore Perry, the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry of Lake Erie fame. Given orders in March 1852, Perry sailed his small fleet into TokyoBay in the spring ‘of 1853 andan- chored at itsmouth. He was soon besiegedby Japa- neseguard boats whichtried to send boarders onto the Americanships. They were greeted by American pikes and cutlasses and the Japanese gaped in disbelief; such disrespect was unexpected from foreigners. Perry was prepared to avoid the type of behavior that had resultedin the failure of the Biddlemission. He had decided “. . . to demand as a right, and not to solicit general alarm as they had done many times during 215 as a favor, those acts of courtesy which are due from years of complete isolationism. one civilized country to another. . . .” Noforeigners could enter the country legally.No After much ceremony and delay, Commodore Perry foreign vessels were allowed to call at a Japanese port agreed to receive the governor of Uragaaboard his or land peopleon her coast. No Japanese subjects flagship Susquehanna. Arrangementswere made for could leave Japan. Even Japanese seamen, unfortunate the commodore to deliver a letter from President Mil- enough to be shipwrecked on a foreign shore, could not lard Filmore to a high-ranking official of the Japanese return for fear theywould spread foreignideology. central governmentin Tokyo, who was to deliver it Consequently, the Industrial Revolution had not personally to the mikado, or emperor. reached the empire and, as late as 1850, steam engines, On July 14, 1853, amidunprecedented pomp and factories,telegraph lines, modern firearms and large ceremony on both sides, Perry presented the Chief ships were unknown to the island populace. Executive’s letter and promised to return the following Many attempts had been made by European nations spring for a reply.

38 ALL HANDS You Thank LondonderrvL/

BY JOICHRIS CHRISTENSEN AND RMI HOMER TREAT

U.S. Naval Communication Station, Londonderry,Northern Ireland, re- cently lost thebattle to technology and closed down. But before the old- est, continuously operated U.S. Navy facility in Europe locked thedoor, sailors and civilians gathered to remin- isce about their common Londonderry experience. You see, something special had hap- pened atLondonderry. “I’m old enough to remember when the first Americans came toLondonderry at the beginning of World War 11,” said one resident. “I was a lad of 13 and I was quite frightened of them. “But time proved that the strangers absorbedour ways. Many of those strangers became husbands of our city girls.” “Husbands ofcity girls” notwith- standing, the U.S. Navy and the peo- ple of Londonderry began a love affair in those early days ofWorld War I1 that ended when the last sailor left in September. “I, too, rememberwhen they first came here,” said a womanresident. “There was cheeringthat echoed across the water as the ships anchored. TheDoughboys looked so proudand confident as they stepped ashore. They marched very quietlybecause they werewearing crepe-soled shoes. Oh, it was a grand time, it was.” The woman spoke of that day in World War I1 and the arrival in Ulster of the first U.S. Expeditionary Force to Europe, Jan. 26, 1942. Ninedays later, the U.S. Naval Operating Base, Londonderry was commissioned. “Of all the military from many coun- tries who passed through or were sta- tioned in Londonderry during World Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, lefr, leaves the Londoncjerry Chapel during a War 11, the Americans were the most World War I1 tour of the facility. popular,” said another resident. “In

December 1977 39 the years since the end of the war, the thatwasn’t all! The vehicles’ license The first contingent of Red Cross nurses to links between the American Navy and plateshad been changed from Royal staff the Londonderry Red Cross Club. the city have been strong and perma- Navy to U.S. Navy.” nent.” Military personnel continued to pour During the early days, those strong intoLondonderry. On June 15, 1942, Navyofficers and three enlisted men andpermanent links were forged what was believed to be thelargest remained. Butonly just.They had within a shroud of secrecy. Rumors single unit of troops ever to cross the shipped their personal effects and were flew round-the-world about a secret Atlanticlanded in Northern Ireland. booked on an evening flight when they American naval base being constructed With it came a contingent ofRed learnedthe base at Londonderry had in NorthernIreland. Those rumors Cross nurses to staff the first American been granted a reprieve. It was to be were kept smouldering by the presence Red Cross Club overseas. reopened as a communicatjon facility. of American contractor personnel in Then, with the Germanoccupation The facility played,m ever increas- Londonderry. Little information leaked of France cutting off the southwestern ing and expanding roIe in con4fl,’unicaI our, however.Under that air of se- approaches to Britain, Allied planners tionsthroughout the 1950s. Thebase crecy Navyengineers and American sawthe need for a largerstation to provided high frequency. radio support contractors were busy chalking up an support the upcoming Normandy inva- to the U.S. Navy,NATO fleets and impressivewartime construction sion. In February 1943, a U.S. Navy US. merchant ships in theeastern achievement. Seabee Battalion arrived.They ex- andnorthern Atlantic. On July 19, “Theywere hell-raisers when they panded the base to include several 1961, thegrowing responsibilitity re- weren’tworking,” said one Irish old- well-dispersed camps, a hospital, sup sulted in the facility’s upgrading to timer, “But they surely workedthe ply depot, ammunition dump, fuel de- U. S. Naval Communication Station same way they played.” pot and ship repair facilities for Allied Londonderry. The morning after America’s official ships when theNormandy landings Growthcontinued through the ’60s declaration of war, the 3,000 local hgan. resulting in theLondonderry site be- workersarrived at workamid a few But thatsuccessful invasion also coming one of the most modem com- changes. “It was very shocking,” said marked the beginningof the end of munication stations in Europe. a former employe. “We arrived the World War I1in Europe and, accord- ~ Then, in the mid-’70s, technological nextmorning and found most of the ingly, the men assigned to London- advances in communicationssuch as civilian contracto+whowe thought deny started to be transferred. theuse of satellites,spelled the final were civiliancontratcors-walking By January 1947, thebase was all end for Londondeny. A decision was around in U.S. Navyuniforms. And butdecommissioned. Only two U.S. made to incorporatethe communica-

46 ALL HANDS tion capabilities of the Naval Commu- thelast Christmas party for the local waited until the final day, it would not nicationsUnit in Thurso, Scotland, children.It bore all thesimilarities to havebeen fair to our peoplenor to withthose of Londonderry. The site thefirst one held in 1942. Also,the the city,” Captain McKeown said. “A at Thurso was chosen for the purpose Navy hosted the annual Saint Patrick’s proper ceremony in tribute to the his- whichpredestined the end of Navy night dance and, on May 27, helda tory of this base and its closeness to presence in Ireland. formal dance to commemorate the as- thecity could not have been put to- It wassad news for the people of sociationof Americans with the city. getherwith only a handful of people Londonderry.“The Americans in The nextday saw the openingof on the last day.” Derryreminded people that NATO the Londonderry Civic Week Festival. At thedecommissioning ceremony, has not been just a far-off name,” said A parade wound through streets lined CouncillorHugh Doherty, Mayorof a local editor. “A unique and historic withcheering spectators andled by Londonderry, noted something special, tie betweenthe United Statesand the Navy’s Sixth Fleet Band from indeed, had happened at Londonderry: NorthernIreland has been severed.” Naples. They were followedby a Navy “I believe it is a fitting tribute to all It was sad news, too, for the sailors float that proclaimed, “Thank you, the Americans to say that any Ameri- of Londonderry. “Of course it is not a Londonderry, for Thirty-four years of can can go anywhere in this town and pleasanttask to close a base,” said Friendship.”Dependent children rid- feel welcome. CaptainThomas McKeown, the last ing thefloat threw some 5,000 pens “There is no substitute, I repeat, no commanding officer. “But I was grate- imprinted with the theme slogan to the substitute for the friendship as shown ful to the Navy for selecting me to be spectators. by you Americans.” 9, the one to administer, with the utmost Then it was time to wrap it all up. care, the final details required to with- Part of those final details included the drawthe Navy from a community it decommissioning ceremony, held al- loves so well.” most two monthsbefore the official Members of the ComSixthFlt Band perform In December 1976, the baseheld closuredate because, “If we had for Londonderry residents.

December 1 W7 41 Applied Psychobiology Program

BY JOI JOHN YONEMURA

Inside a dark chamber resembling a walk-in freezer, I sat absolutely still, staring at alight blinking at varying intervals behinda checkerboard screen. Eight electrodes were at- tached to my scalp. No, I wasn’t tied and gagged. I wasn’t in the laboratory of a mad scientist and no one was trying to brainwash me. I was at the NavalTraining Center, SanDiego; I had volunteered to have my brain waves measured. Brain waves measured? At NTC? TheNavy, in its never-ending questto update and improve training, is researching new methods of measuring andenhancing learning ability. The NavyPersonnel Re- search and Development Center (NPRDC), at Point Loma near NTC, is conducting this research in what it calls the Applied Psychobiology Program (APP). It’s literally a mind-boggling idea. Why is this important BRAIN to the Navy? Because current projections show that more than half of all personnel entering the Navy in 1976 will not complete their first full enlistment or be recommended for WAVE another.There is especially a shortage of personnelwho RES.EARCH 42 ALL HANDS r“

can be trained in such jobs. as antisubmarine warfare. people can become good sonarmen, or do other jobs in the This program. may alleviate the problem in the future by real world as opposed to the academic world.” helping toroute propective trainees into the kindsof As I sat in the soundproof booth watching the flashing training that suits them best. light, my brainreacted to the visual stimulus, and its According to. Dr.Bernard Rimland, director ofAPP, electrical impulses were recorded in the combination com- there has been a gap. in the field of personnel psychology. puter-electroencephalograph (EEG). This is thesimplest Advances in biology,. electronics, computer science, neuro- taskperformed while being, tested. My brainmerely ac- physiology, and the like, were not being. applied to person- knowledged the signal sent to it from my eyes. nel problems. Those in the medical profession. were doing Another test uses sounds (clicks) to measure the brain’s somebrain wave research, but largely to solve medical responseto auditory stimuli. Later,. morecomplex tasks problems, not .personnel problems. will be. performed as brainwaves are measured; reading, “Little work was being done toward adapting technology for example,.or solving a math problem; toenhance productivity of ‘normal’people,” he said. In “Thereare certain measurements you can make on an this area of “underlap,” APPis trying to determine if engine as it idles,” said Dr. Rimland, “but there are some space-age technology can be applied to psychology in.order thingsyou can’t really find out unless you also measure to enhance a person’s performance, or his learning ability. while it functions at peak performance.” “With the all-volunteer force and the reductionin number Butat this point, the research is just getting off the of people available, the Navy has to take the people that ground. It’s much tooearly to tell how successful these come to us and we must find a way to make use of these methods willbe-there is stillan enormous numberof individuals’ potentials,’* said Dr. Rimland. variables that must be investigated that could be crucially But what about all the written,aptitude tests recruits take important. For instance, how long should the test period be before entering the Navy and, again,. while in boot camp? in order to be effective?’What types ofstimuli would “The idea is not to replace paper-and-pencil tests, but to producethe most significant data? Howshould different supplement them,” Dr. Rimland explained. “Aptitude tests parts of. each brain wave be measured? Tliere are. many of do quite a good.job of predicting how well people can’learn. these complex parameters that must be considered. in a classroom situation: That’s what they were designed to APPwas. established in 1975 and,to date, several do. Butthey don’t, do a verygood job- of determining hundredNavy recruits have voluntarilyhad their brain. whichpeople can operate complicated equipment, which waves measured. Those recruits who do volunteer are

.. December 1977 . .BRAIN WAVE RESEARCH searcher when a person’s attention is changing. Let’s face it, boredom affects us all. When it sets in, our givena Privacy Act statement and an explanation of the mindstend to substitute .more interestingthoughts. This project. If they still have no objections, they sign a consent canbe detrimental tojob productivity,but more impor- form and undergo the test. tantly, in some jobs a lapse in concentration can leadto .Okay, the brain waves are.measured. Then what? disaster. Right now, all the information is put into the computer’s What can be done. about it? When a ‘sonarman, as an memorybank. ’In this case, it consistsof floppy, record- example, is being tested, and he begins to think about .his likedisks which can be easily stored. Later, researchers girl friend or what he is going to have for lunch, his brain will check the progress of each person. How welldid he waves will showdeviations from the pattern established do .in bootcamp? What rating is he in? How well is he when he was concentrating soiely on the sonar screen. At performing? this point, he can be alerted that .he is not paying proper By comparing “success” levels in variousratings and attention. He could train himself to .concentrate. cross-checking with their initial brain wave patterns, group “If it turns out that.people can be trained to concentrate ingscan be made. Those who excel in aspecific rating .not onlywhile using the new ‘alertness’ device, but at may have had unique brain wave patterns, and if.so, new other times as well, one’s entire learning capacity might be recruits with the same characteristic brain waves could be upgraded,” observed Dr. Rimland. encouraged in that direction. The Navy is by no means the only organization experi- If you naturally have an aptitude for a specific job, and menting in this field. A number of other laboratories around get it as your Navy.rate, just think how much greater your the world are conducting.research in psychobiology, notably job satisfaction would be. the New York Medical College and Langley Porter Neuro- But this isstill in thefuture. Now, emphasis is on psychiatric Research Institute at the University.of California assisting recruits .who have readingproblems and are, Medical Center in San Francisco. therefore,slow learners. These persons can beidentified NPRDC has a special advantage in this research because by brainwave measurement in many instances,.Remedial of its proximity to NTC San Diego and the Marine Corps readingprograms can then be individually geared to the Recruit Depot. Not only is the center able to obtain specific learning problem of the subject. volunteers, it is able “to follow up on the individuals tested “We are investigating the possibility that different teach- todetermine whether they were successful in bootcamp ingtechniques will enhancelearning ability,” stated Dr. and advanced technical training; are considered .proficient Rimland. “Some people who can’t read well may require a by theirsupervisors; are advanced to higherpay grades; different type ofreading training than the type which manageto remain .in theNavy for the full term of their works fine for the majority. enlistment; and are declared eligible for reenlistment.” “Some ofus learn best from .the ‘phonics’ method, In the civilian community, it has proven,difficult to keep where you sound out the words,” he explained. “This puts track of subjects. emphasison the hearing apparatus and the parts of the Actually, the eight electrodes used for the tests are held brain that analyze sound. If a person has a defect in his in place, four on each side of the head, by a lycra helmet. auditory analytical ability, he may not be able to learn to The computer records and calculates the brain wave signals; readusing this phonic method. He rnay-on the other in a matter of seconds, it gives the researcher an accurate hand-be able to learnusing the ’look-say’ technique, readout of theintensity of electrical impulse ateach which uses his visual analytical ability. electrode. The difference in voltagebetween electrodes, “We are initiating a projectto study diagnostic ‘use of the delay from onset of stimulus to reaction by thebrain brainwaves in order to see throughwhich channel .a and the voltage, changes between flashes or clicks or .remedial reading .person shouldbe taught .” ,whatever the stimulus. AnotherAPP problem concerns attention span. Some- ,It takes these measurements from both sides of the brain times we cannot concentrate very well. Our minds wander. and records.the interaction. An apparatus developed by Dr. Karel Montor at the U.S. “It’s difficultto accurately characterize the difference NavalAcademy, .monitors brain waves and tells the re- between the left and right hemispheres .of the ‘brain, said

I Dr.Rimland, “The lefthemisphere inmost right-handed people(lefties are usually the oppositehprocesses infor- mation in a sequential, rational or logical manne.r. Solving a mathproblem, for example, wouldmake primary use of the left hemisphere. A lawyer stringing words and thoughts together leading to a logical conclusion also would be using hisleft hemisphere. The right side, in mostright-handed people, is the minor hemisphere-this processes information as a whole, permitting us to subjectively appraise a situa- tion. For instance, a quarterback in a verytight situation has to sense things visually and simultaneously-how many men are rushing him, are his receivers covered, etc.-and then make an instantaneous decision. “Ofcourse, the right and left hemispheres work together,” the doctor continued, “but the right one seems to specialize in themore ill-defined situations. School learning is of the left hemisphere sort; lectures, textbooks, movies, all are presented in a linear, logical progression.” I haveto admit I was a littlebit nervous as. Dr.Greg .x’ Lewis, an expert in psychobiology,and Jeff Froning, a graduate student at San Diego State University who works withDr. Rimland, attached the electrodes to my head. I hadvisions of the computer reading my thoughts and projecting me into George Orwell’s 1984. Whatabout that? Is thisproject leading to the point when machines will dictate.our way of life? “Right now we need help and we’re trying to learn what helptechnology can provide us,” Dr. Rimland stated. “There’ssome pretty powerful; new technologyaround and if we. experiment with it in relation to our problems, we hope to learn some things which, in a few years, will prove to be useful. “We are a long, long way from the point where machines will be anywhere near technically advanced enough to offer any kindof threat. There isnothing inherently dangerous in what we’re doing. People tend.to be afraid of what they don’t understand, so some people are uneasy about psycho- biology. “Some may think we should stop doing brain research. Man is still vague,after many centuries,about his brain. Though our main emphasisright now is to benefitthe Navy, wefeel that in thelong run all mankind willbe benefited by our work.” As I droveout the gate at NTC, I noticed in the dashboard mirror, traces of white powder in my hair where the electrode paste had dried. Small price to pay, consider- ing the potential of APP. &

-- 7 December 1977 45 BY W. CRAIG PUGH

Catapulting Phantom jets skyward as she went, the.carrier USS Concho slicedthrough the West Texas waves ,while thousands .of spectators cheered her on to therendezvous. Obviously, Concho wasnot involved in oneof the Navy's .typical fleet operations, yet manypeople stationed at Goodfellow Air ForceBase in Texasdidn't mind one bit. Concho, it seems.is only 32 feet long-her planesare plastic models- and her operational area is a .tame littleWest Texasriver. But thecrew is:genuine-two Navy petty officers giving it their all. For the secondtime in as many years. theNavy people attached to the tri-service Cryptologic Training Fa- cility at Goodfellow .built and "sailed" theirNavy float in SanAngelo's "Fiesta.del Concho." The event is a solidweek of Texas. style fun-in-the- sun featuring carnivals.art shows, horse shows andwater skiing. USS Concho .is the result of a river barge, a hundred dollars, a lotof design and imagination, and the "can do" attitude -(usually reserved -forSeaBees) dis- played by the SO Navypeople. at the command.The Navy group at Good- fellownow bills itself as the West Texas Plains Navy. Since arrival in 1966, this permanent detachment has quietly gone about doing what they do best-training sail- ors in the latest electronics intelligence gatheringtechniques. Most instructors are language experts and all have been in the field as technicians. They are a close-knit band of displaced salts who do their best to retain their Navy spirit on the Texas plains-thus their interest in building and manning USS Concho. The West TexasPlains Navy was "born" in February 1976 when a San Angelo spokesmanasked the local

46 I Chief Petty Officers Association if the When the big night came, the helms- 1977, a carrier, and in 1978: ”. . . What Navy would be interested in designing man,Cryptologic Technician Seaman would really be nice,“ CTI M.istishen and building a float with a Bicentennial Dan O’Brian,thrust Concho’s engine said,“is two or three floats linked theme and entering it in the upcoming intogear and she charged out upon together to make an armada.“ They fiesta. Senior Chief Cryptologic Tech- the torch-linedriver as a full-blown, do think big in Texas! nicianDick Perfetto jumped at the old-timesailing ship. Bothbanks of One thing is sure-theywill take opportunitysince “we felt we could the river were illuminated and the particularpains not to letSan Angelo’s representthe Navy in the nation’s crowd in the shadows roared their citizensforget “their” Navy. & birthdaycelebration as well as any- approval. All alongthe cruise route one.” downstream. the crew sang sea chan- Cryptologic Technician I st Class ties. BobBroene, who had built a number“When we cruiseddown the river.” ofmodel sailing ships, did the design- CTI Mistishen said. “it madeus feel ingwith his wife’s help and that of so proud, we wantedto keep on to anothersailor, Cryptologic Technician the Gulf of Mexico. It was a great 1st ClassBob Mistishen. “Within three way to letpeople know the Navy is or fourdays,” CTI Mistishen said, around.” “we had a sailing ship-everything Thisyear history repeated itself at was in perfect 1:72 scale,except the the fiesta. However, Concho hadbeen crew, that is!” “modernized“-sheoutdecked was LocalNavy wives created uniforms as anaircraft carrier. Lifelike Corsairs depictingvarious eras andfitted them and F4s “roared” off her flight deck individuallyto Concho’s crewand es- while helicopters “hovered” around cort. Representedwere a Revolution-the carrier’s island. With a crew of ary War Marine, an 1812 midship-two, Concho typifiedthe theme-Ho- an 1868 enlistedman, a Navynurse rizons-and wasdubbed “part two” (circa 1917), a Marine in theCorps’ of SanAngelo’s Bicentennial’s Heri- currentfighting uniform. and a sailortage and Horizons idea. in the traditional bell bottoms. In 1976 she was a sailingship, in

December 1W7 47 Mail Buoy USS Little Rock officer sighted through the periscope with themuzzle just above the water. This SIR:In the September '77 Mail Buoy system apparently worked-ut least from section of ALL HANDS,readers disputed a mechanical point of view. How effective whether the USS Little Rock (CG 4) was it wasseems to have been something the first U.S. warship to visit Alexandria, else."ED. Egypt,since World War I1 andthat she was the only foreign warship to take part Hazardous Duty? in the reopening ceremonies of the Canal. I hopethe following will clarify Little SIR:I ampresently serving with a Rock's claim to fame in theSuez Canal: LAMPS detachment aboard a fast frigate. LittleRock wasthe only foreign man-o- Thequestion I have is why Flight Deck war to transitthe Suez Canal from Port Hazardous Duty Pay is not authorized for Said to Lake Timsah on the opening day the LAMPS community. ceremonies of the Suez Canal. The other As crewleader for my detachment 1 shipsmentioned (in other Mail Buoy let- canhonestly say it is definitelya hazard ters)may have been at anchor in Lake anytime flight operationsare conducted. Timsah but they did not transit the canal Operatingwith LAMPS is a newexperi- as part of the official convoy. Little Rock enceand a challenge.Safety is a never- wasalso the first U.S. warshipto visit endingchore. It is notunusual for my Alexandria,Egypt, after World War I1 crewof nine men to work a 13- or 14 "officially" due to an official portcall hourday and then be called to flight madewith Commander, Sixth Fleet em- quartersafter a fewhours of sleep.The barked. I believeUSS Guam oranother men are tired andhere we arelaunching amphibiousship was there before the our LAMPS Helo on a flight deck smaller LittleRock's visit,but then again, it than a basketball court. wasn't official."QMI O'Donnell. I couldgo on and on withall the SincePetty Officer O'Donnell M.VX hazardswhich evolve during one flight LPO of Little Rock's Navigation Division evolution but the point I'm trying to make during her transit of the Suez Canal, he is whydoes someone have to get killed oughtto know. As far as who got to beforethey recognize our flight deck is Alexandria first-either ojjficially or unof- just ashazardous as an aircraft carrier.- ficial1y"we're going to duck the opportu- M.H. Niedzwiedz, ADC, USN. nity to ask if anyoneelse has any more The intent of hazardous duty pay is claims to thut title."ED. to provide an incentive for adequate num- bers of personnel to volunteer to perform dutieswhich have been proven to be of Reunions Submarine Weaponry anextra hazardous nature. In the past, the requirement to prove the hazard statis- USS Davis (DD395)"Reunion in SIR:About three years ago you ran an tically has been stringent. A recent request 1978. Forinformation contact David S. article in your magazine abouta submarine from the rotary community for inclusion Fowler, 35 1 Darlington Dr., Buffalo, N. Y. that was commissioned in the late '30s or in flight deck hazardous duty pay (includ- 14223. early '40s that had a 16-inch cannon on it. ing theoperation of Harriers) was not RecruitCompany 1901 (1944), Naval I am wondering if it would be possible to adequately supported by injuryldeath data TrainingStation, Great Lakes, Ill.- obtain a copyof that particular issue'?- and was not approved. Contact Elwood East, 2201 Clays Mill Rd., GMGl H. E. Mowery. Because .If' theexcellent safety record Lexington, Ky. 40503. Afterrummaging through our $files maintainedby ships and squadrons in- USS Lexington (CV 2)-25th reunion without success, we finally turned to the volved in LAMPS operations,the overall May 10-13 atOrlando, Fla. forcrew, Naval History Divisionfor help in answer- accident rate for these operations is negli- squadronsand Marines serving 1927 to ing yourquestion. They tell usthat no gible, far belowthat required tojustify May 8, 1942. Contact Walter D. Reed, 5410 submarine, U.S. or foreign, ever mounted flightdeck hazardous duty incentive Broadway, #105, Oakland, Calif. 94618. a 16-inch gun.During World War I, the pay.-E~. USS Tennessee (BB 43)-Reunion British Navy laid downfour subs, MI, June 16-17 atDenver, Colo. Contact Ed- M2, M3 and M4,mounting a single 12- wardFrause, 4682 S. Pennsylvania,St., inch gun in an elevation-only mount for- Women LDOs Englewood, Colo. 801 IO. ward of the conning tower. The firstthree USS Implicit (AM246)"1945-46 werecompleted; M4 was never finished. SIR: As a career-oriented Navy enlisted crewmenwrite or call collect Robert W. The gun had to be loaded on the surface; woman, the Limited Duty Officer program Evett, IO Gunpowder Rd., Baltimore, Md. the boat then submerged, and the conning wouldprovide an excellent opportunity 21234. (301) 665-6900.