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Copyright © 2014 Richard Charles Mcdonald All Rights Reserved. The
Copyright © 2014 Richard Charles McDonald All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without, limitation, preservation or instruction. GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BIBLICAL HEBREW TEXTS ACCORDING TO A TRADITIONAL SEMITIC GRAMMAR __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Richard Charles McDonald December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BIBLICAL HEBREW TEXTS ACCORDING TO A TRADITIONAL SEMITIC GRAMMAR Richard Charles McDonald Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Russell T. Fuller (Chair) __________________________________________ Terry J. Betts __________________________________________ John B. Polhill Date______________________________ I dedicate this dissertation to my wife, Nancy. Without her support, encouragement, and love I could not have completed this arduous task. I also dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Charles and Shelly McDonald, who instilled in me the love of the Lord and the love of His Word. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................vii -
Religious Studies 300 Second Temple Judaism Fall Term 2020
Religious Studies 300 Second Temple Judaism Fall Term 2020 (3 credits; MW 10:05-11:25; Oegema; Zoom & Recorded) Instructor: Prof. Dr. Gerbern S. Oegema Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University 3520 University Street Office hours: by appointment Tel. 398-4126 Fax 398-6665 Email: [email protected] Prerequisite: This course presupposes some basic knowledge typically but not exclusively acquired in any of the introductory courses in Hebrew Bible (The Religion of Ancient Israel; Literature of Ancient Israel 1 or 2; The Bible and Western Culture), New Testament (Jesus of Nazareth, New Testament Studies 1 or 2) or Rabbinic Judaism. Contents: The course is meant for undergraduates, who want to learn more about the history of Ancient Judaism, which roughly dates from 300 BCE to 200 CE. In this period, which is characterized by a growing Greek and Roman influence on the Jewish culture in Palestine and in the Diaspora, the canon of the Hebrew Bible came to a close, the Biblical books were translated into Greek, the Jewish people lost their national independence, and, most important, two new religions came into being: Early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism. In the course, which is divided into three modules of each four weeks, we will learn more about the main historical events and the political parties (Hasmonaeans, Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, etc.), the religious and philosophical concepts of the period (Torah, Ethics, Freedom, Political Ideals, Messianic Kingdom, Afterlife, etc.), and the various Torah interpretations of the time. A basic knowledge of this period is therefore essential for a deeper understanding of the formation of the two new religions, Early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism, and for a better understanding of the growing importance, history and Biblical interpretation have had for Ancient Judaism. -
Who Maketh the Clouds His Chariot: the Comparative Method and The
LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF RELIGION WHO MAKETH THE CLOUDS HIS CHARIOT: THE COMPARATIVE METHOD AND THE MYTHOPOETICAL MOTIF OF CLOUD-RIDING IN PSALM 104 AND THE EPIC OF BAAL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF LIBERTY UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES BY JORDAN W. JONES LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA APRIL 2010 “The views expressed in this thesis do not necessarily represent the views of the institution and/or of the thesis readers.” Copyright © 2009 by Jordan W. Jones All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To Dr. Don Fowler, who introduced me to the Hebrew Bible and the ancient Near East and who instilled in me an intellectual humility when studying the Scriptures. To Dr. Harvey Hartman, who introduced me to the Old Testament, demanded excellence in the classroom, and encouraged me to study in Jerusalem, from which I benefited greatly. To Dr. Paul Fink, who gave me the opportunity to do graduate studies and has blessed my friends and I with wisdom and a commitment to the word of God. To James and Jeanette Jones (mom and dad), who demonstrated their great love for me by rearing me in the instruction and admonition of the Lord and who thought it worthwhile to put me through college. <WqT* <yx!u&oy br)b=W dos /ya@B= tobv*j&m^ rp@h* Prov 15:22 To my patient and sympathetic wife, who endured my frequent absences during this project and supported me along the way. Hn`ovl=-lu^ ds#j#-tr~otw+ hm*k=j*b= hj*t=P* h*yP! Prov 31:26 To the King, the LORD of all the earth, whom I love and fear. -
The Qumran Collection As a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sidnie White Crawford Publications Classics and Religious Studies 2016 The Qumran Collection as a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/crawfordpubs This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sidnie White Crawford Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Qumran Collection as a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford Since the early days of Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship, the collection of scrolls found in the eleven caves in the vicinity of Qumran has been identified as a library.1 That term, however, was undefined in relation to its ancient context. In the Greco-Roman world the word “library” calls to mind the great libraries of the Hellenistic world, such as those at Alexandria and Pergamum.2 However, a more useful comparison can be drawn with the libraries unearthed in the ancient Near East, primarily in Mesopotamia but also in Egypt.3 These librar- ies, whether attached to temples or royal palaces or privately owned, were shaped by the scribal elite of their societies. Ancient Near Eastern scribes were the literati in a largely illiterate society, and were responsible for collecting, preserving, and transmitting to future generations the cultural heritage of their peoples. In the Qumran corpus, I will argue, we see these same interests of collection, preservation, and transmission. Thus I will demonstrate that, on the basis of these comparisons, the Qumran collection is best described as a library with an archival component, shaped by the interests of the elite scholar scribes who were responsible for it. -
쿰란 사본과 성서 연구: 4Q285, 4Q448, 4Q246, 7Q5, 11Q13을 중심으로 / 송창현
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2005.4.16.7 쿰란 사본과 성서 연구: 4Q285, 4Q448, 4Q246, 7Q5, 11Q13을 중심으로 / 송창현 쿰란 사본과 성서 연구 - 4Q285, 4Q448, 4Q246, 7Q5, 11Q13을 중심으로- 송창현* 머리말 20세기 최대의 고고학적 발견이라 불리는 사해 두루마리(Dead Sea Scrolls)는 1947년 봄 베두인 목동 무하마드 아드-디브에 의해 우연히 발견되었다. 그는 다 른 동료들과 함께 쿰란 근처에서 가축 떼를 돌보던 중 잃어버린 염소를 찾다가 동굴을 발견하였고 그곳에서 두루마리들이 발견되었다. 그 후 1956년까지 사해 서안 유대 광야의 여러 곳, 즉 키르벳 쿰란, 마사다, 와디 무라바트, 나할 헤베르, 나할 세일림, 나할 미쉬마르 등에서 발견된 고대 유대 사본들을 넓은 의미의 사 해 두루마리라고 부른다. 그리고 특히 사해의 북서 연안에 위치한 키르벳 쿰란 주변의 열한 개 동굴에서 발견된 850여 종류의 사본을 좁은 의미의 사해 두루마 리, 즉 쿰란 사본이라고 부른다. 쿰란 사본은 세 종류로 나누어지는데 즉, 구약성서의 사본들, 외경과 위경의 사본들, 그리고 쿰란 공동체와 관련 있는 사본들이다. 첫째, 쿰란에서는 에스델 서를 제외한 모든 구약성서의 사본이 200여 개 발견되었다. 이 성서 사본들은 레 닌그라드 사본(1008년경)이나 알렙포 사본(925년경)보다 1000년 이상 더 오래 된 것이다. 쿰란의 이 사본들은 구약성서의 정경이 확정되기 이전 단계의 본문으 로서, 마소라 본문, 70인역 본문, 사마리아 오경 본문 등과 함께 구약성서 본문 형성의 역사를 연구하는데 매우 중요한 자료이다. 둘째, 쿰란 사본의 발견 이전 에는 전혀 알려지지 않았거나, 그리스어, 에디오피아어, 라틴어 등 고대 언어의 번역으로만 알려졌던 구약성서의 외경(apocrypha)과 위경(pseudepigrapha)의 히 브리어, 아람어 원본들이 쿰란에서 발견되었다. 그리고 셋째, 전체 쿰란 사본의 약 삼분의 일은 쿰란 공동체의 조직, 생활과 사상을 반영하는 사본들이다. 이 사 본들을 통해 우리는 에세네파와 쿰란 공동체에 대한 더 정확하고 더 풍부한 지식 을 가지게 되었다. -
4QINSTRUCTION Wisdom Literature from the Ancient World
4QINSTRUCTION Wisdom Literature from the Ancient World Leo G. Perdue, General Editor Reinhard Gregor Kratz, Associate Editor Area Editors Bendt Alster Pancratius C. Beentjes Katharine Dell Edward L. Greenstein Victor Hurowitz John Kloppenborg Michael Kolarcik Manfred Oeming Bernd U. Schipper Günter Stemberger Loren T. Stuckenbruck Number 2 4QINSTRUCTION 4QINSTRUCTION By Matthew J. Goff Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta 4QINSTRUCTION Copyright © 2013 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Goff, Matthew J. 4QInstruction / Matthew J. Goff. p. cm. — (Wisdom literature from the ancient world ; number 2) ISBN 978-1-58983-782-9 (paper binding : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-58983-783-6 (electronic format) — ISBN 978-1-58983-784-3 (hardcover binding : alk. paper) 1. 4QInstruction. 2. Wisdom literature—Criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Title. BM488.A15G635 2013 296.1'55—dc23 2013005788 Printed on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence. For Meegan בת חכמה ישמח אב Proverbs 10:1 (with some modifi cation) Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi A Note on the Critical Text xv Introduction 1. -
Qumran: Founded for Scripture
SPECIAL LECTURE Qumran: Founded for Scripture. The Background and Significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls HARTMUT STEGEMANN Georg-August-Universita¨tGo¨ttingen ONCEUPONATIME there was a beautiful young princess who—together with all her staff and all the animals within her palace—fell asleep for a long period of time. An angry fairy had put a curse on her to cause her to die by pricking her finger with a spindle. But afterwards, another more gracious fairy had turned her fate into a long sleep until one day a bold prince should enter her chamber and wake her. Meanwhile, her castle became surrounded by a great number of trees, interlaced with brambles and thorns, a hedge so thick that neither man nor beast could penetrate it. There are several possible ways to identify the leading figure of this fairy tale with Qumran topics. There are three suitable candidates for an identifica- tion with Sleeping Beauty, namely the scrolls hidden in the caves, the often neglected reports by some ancient writers on the Essenes, and the ruins of Chirbet Qumran, lonely for almost a hundred generations. Each of these possible identifications also includes a well-known rescuing prince, even if none of those first heroes succeeded in becoming the decisive saviour of Sleeping Beauty. Meanwhile, half a century of research since the discovery of the first Qumran scrolls has produced more than ten thousand manuscript editions, scholarly books, and learned articles on this subject. Nevertheless, many of the basic riddles of these unexpected findings are still unresolved. Some helpful suggestions in earlier stages of Qumran research are again over- whelmed by new thorns, and the younger generation of Qumran scholars seems to be occupied much more with mistaken results of earlier research than with Proceedings of the British Academy, 97, 1–14. -
A Study on the Teacher of Righteousness, Collective Memory, and Tradition at Qumran by Gianc
MANUFACTURING HISTORY AND IDENTITY: A STUDY ON THE TEACHER OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, COLLECTIVE MEMORY, AND TRADITION AT QUMRAN BY GIANCARLO P. ANGULO A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Religion May 2014 Winston Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Kenneth G. Hoglund, Ph.D., Advisor Jarrod Whitaker, Ph.D., Chair Clinton J. Moyer, Ph.D. Acknowledgments It would not be possible to adequately present the breadth of my gratitude in the scope of this short acknowledgment section. That being said, I would like to extend a few thanks to some of those who have most influenced my academic and personal progression during my time in academia. To begin, I would be remiss not to mention the many excellent professors and specifically Dr. Erik Larson at Florida International University. The Religious Studies department at my undergraduate university nurtured my nascent fascination with religion and the Dead Sea Scrolls and launched me into the career I am now seeking to pursue. Furthermore, a thank you goes out to my readers Dr. Jarrod Whitaker and Dr. Clinton Moyer. You have both presented me with wonderful opportunities during my time at Wake Forest University that have helped to develop me into the student and speaker I am today. Your guidance and review of this thesis have proven essential for me to produce my very best work. Also, a very special thank you must go out to my advisor, professor, and friend, Dr. Ken Hoglund. -
Love Conquers All: Song of Songs 8:6B–7A As a Reflex of the Northwest Semitic Combat Myth
JBL 134, no. 2 (2015): 333–345 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1342.2015.2810 Love Conquers All: Song of Songs 8:6b–7a as a Reflex of the Northwest Semitic Combat Myth aren m. wilson-wright [email protected] Waggener 14a, 2210 Speedway C3400, Austin, TX 78712 Scholars have often noted YHWH’s apparent absence from the Song of Songs. At best, he appears under the name Yah in the difficult and morphologically frozen to suggest that שלהבתיה in Song 8:6. In this article, I go beyond שלהבתיה term love plays the role of YHWH in the Song. Using Calvert Watkins’s work on inher- ited formulae, I argue that Song 8:6b–7a draws on the Northwest Semitic combat myth to identify love with YHWH, the victorious divine warrior. As part of this argument, I identify three inherited formulae in the Hebrew Bible, the Baal Cycle, and later Christian and Jewish literature: “Leviathan, the fleeing serpent, the twisting serpent,” “rebuke Sea,” and “strong as Death.” Within the Song, the phrase “strong as Death” connects this passage with the Baal Cycle, while the evoke scenes of mythic combat from the rest נהרות and מים רבים references to of the Hebrew Bible. This interpretation, I argue, also has mythic resonances in the adjuration refrain in Song 2:7, 3:5, and 8:4 and the phrase “sick with love” in Song 2:5 and 5:8. כי־עזה כמות אהבה קשה כשאול קנאה רשפיה רשפי אש שלהבתיה מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את־האהבה For love is as strong as Death, jealousy harsh as Sheol. -
Pseudepigrapha Bibliographies
0 Pseudepigrapha Bibliographies Bibliography largely taken from Dr. James R. Davila's annotated bibliographies: http://www.st- andrews.ac.uk/~www_sd/otpseud.html. I have changed formatting, added the section on 'Online works,' have added a sizable amount to the secondary literature references in most of the categories, and added the Table of Contents. - Lee Table of Contents Online Works……………………………………………………………………………………………...02 General Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...…03 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………....03 Translations of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Collections…………………………………….…03 Guide Series…………………………………………………………………………………………….....04 On the Literature of the 2nd Temple Period…………………………………………………………..........04 Literary Approaches and Ancient Exegesis…………………………………………………………..…...05 On Greek Translations of Semitic Originals……………………………………………………………....05 On Judaism and Hellenism in the Second Temple Period…………………………………………..…….06 The Book of 1 Enoch and Related Material…………………………………………………………….....07 The Book of Giants…………………………………………………………………………………..……09 The Book of the Watchers…………………………………………………………………………......….11 The Animal Apocalypse…………………………………………………………………………...………13 The Epistle of Enoch (Including the Apocalypse of Weeks)………………………………………..…….14 2 Enoch…………………………………………………………………………………………..………..15 5-6 Ezra (= 2 Esdras 1-2, 15-16, respectively)……………………………………………………..……..17 The Treatise of Shem………………………………………………………………………………..…….18 The Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37-71)…………………………………………………………..…...18 The -
The Community Rules from Qumran a Commentary
Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum Edited by Maren Niehoff (Jerusalem) Annette Y. Reed ( New York, NY) Seth Schwartz (New York, NY) Moulie Vidas (Princeton, NJ) 183 Charlotte Hempel The Community Rules from Qumran A Commentary Mohr Siebeck Charlotte Hempel, born 1966; 1991 BA; 1995 PhD; 1995–99 Post-Doctoral Research Fellow- ships at the Universities of Birmingham and Cambridge; 1999–2004 Maternity Career Break; 2005 Research Fellow, 2008 Senior Research Fellow, 2010 Senior Lecturer, 2013 Reader and since 2016 Professor of Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism at the University of Birmingham, UK. ISBN 978-3-16-157026-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-157027-8 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-157027-8 ISSN 0721-8753 / eISSN 2568-9525 (Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen, printed by Gulde Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Preface This volume offers the first Commentary on all twelve ancient manuscripts of the Rules of the Community, a series of works which contain accounts of the organisation and values ascribed to a movement associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls. -
JOHN ADNEY EMERTON John Adney Emerton 1928–2015
JOHN ADNEY EMERTON John Adney Emerton 1928–2015 DURING HIS TIME AS REGIUS PROFESSOR of Hebrew at the University of Cambridge John Emerton stood at the forefront of international research on the Hebrew Bible and related disciplines. In addition he assumed sig- nificant administrative positions and was tireless in several editorial roles, while at the same time he gave leadership in teaching during a period when the faculties in Cambridge in this field were exceptionally strong. I The path to this position was clear enough once he had embarked on his academic studies at Oxford in 1947, but there was nothing in his family background to explain his particular choice of subject for his first degree. He was born on 5 June 1928 in Winchmore Hill in North London as a first son to Adney Spencer Emerton and Helena Mary (née Quin). His father was an accountant with the family firm which became United Dairies. In 1938 the family moved the short distance to an area of Southgate known as Lakenheath, which meant that John attended Minchenden School there. He was clearly successful, gaining entrance to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, to read Theology. This was from the start a response to his strong sense of vocation to the Anglican ministry, fulfilled by ordina- tion some five years later. This vocation was nurtured primarily at school and at the local Anglican church. Some of his Minchenden friends were committed Christians; of them, some were later ordained and Emerton kept in touch with them throughout his life. In addition, the friendly vicar, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy, XVI, 417–439.