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The Dead Sea Scrolls at 60 Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah

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The Dead Sea Scrolls at 60 Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah The Dead Sea Scrolls at 60 Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by Florentino García Martínez Associate editors Peter W. Flint Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar VOLUME 89 The Dead Sea Scrolls at 60 Scholarly Contributions of New York University Faculty and Alumni Edited by Lawrence H. Schiffman and Shani Tzoref LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Dead Sea scrolls at 60 : scholarly contributions of New York University faculty and alumni / edited by Lawrence H. Schiffman and Shani Tzoref. p. cm. — (Studies on the texts of the desert of Judah, ISSN 0169-9962 ; v. 89) Includes index. Proceedings of the March 7, 2008 Ranieri Colloquium on ancient studies at New York University. ISBN 978-90-04-18505-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Dead Sea scrolls—Congresses. I. Schiffman, Lawrence H. II. Tzoref, Shani. III. Title. IV. Series. BM487.D44955 2010 296.1’55—dc22 2010015189 ISSN 0169-9962 ISBN 978 90 04 18505 0 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all right holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. ז"ל Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Hanan Eshel Scholar, Colleague, Friend ויחונכה בדעת עולמים וישא פני חסדיו לכה לשלום עולמים (1QS 2:3–4) CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................. ix List of Abbreviations ......................................................................... xi The Judean Desert Scrolls and the History of Judaism and Christianity ............................................................. 1 Lawrence H. Schiffman The Traditional Roots of Priestly Messianism at Qumran ......... 27 Joseph L. Angel The Dead Sea Scrolls and Jewish Biblical Interpretation in Antiquity: A Multi-Generic Perspective .................................... 55 Moshe J. Bernstein Zoroastrianism and Qumran ........................................................... 91 Yaakov Elman The Judean Desert Documents as a Regional Sub-tradition in Aramaic Common Law ................................................................ 99 Andrew D. Gross Law and Exegesis in the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Sabbath Carrying Prohibition in Comparative Perspective .................. 115 Alex P. Jassen On the Identification of Some Two Greek Fragments of 1 Enoch ............................................................................................ 157 Erik W. Larson The Copper Scroll (3Q15): A Reconsideration .............................. 179 Judah K. Lefkovits Quotidian Documents from the Judean Desert ........................... 199 Baruch A. Levine viii contents Qumran Hebrew (with a Trial Cut [1QS]) ................................... 217 Gary A. Rendsburg Sectarians and Householders ........................................................... 247 Alexei M. Sivertsev What is a Scriptural Text in the Second Temple Period? Texts Between Their Biblical Past, Their Inner-Biblical Interpretation, Their Reception in Second Temple Literature, and Their Textual Witnesses ....................................................... 271 Mark S. Smith The “Hidden” and the “Revealed”: Esotericism, Election, and Culpability in Qumran and Related Literature ........................ 299 Shani Tzoref Modern Author Index ...................................................................... 325 Index of Ancient Sources ................................................................. 330 PREFACE This volume of studies constitutes the proceedings of the March 7, 2008 Ranieri Colloquium on Ancient Studies at New York University, dedicated to “The Dead Sea Scrolls at 60: The Scholarly Contributions of NYU Faculty and Alumni.” The conference was co-sponsored by the New York University Center for Ancient Studies and the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies. We thank Dean Matthew Santirocco, Director of the Center for Ancient Studies, for his help and support in organizing this event. The conference was intended to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and to emphasize the contribu- tion of NYU to scrolls research. The speakers were drawn from NYU faculty, emeritus faculty, and former students who had contributed to research on the Dead Sea Scrolls over a period of some forty years. Faculty and graduate students have worked intensively in this field and former doctoral students have gone on after receiving their degrees to make major contributions to Qumran Studies and to the study of the Judean Desert documents. The introductory paper surveys the field as a whole and highlights these contributions. Taken as a whole this volume also symbolizes the linking of the generations of scholars as it spans three albeit overlapping generations. Further, it emphasizes the fruitful cooperation and development of new ideas that takes place among faculty, among teachers and their students, among fellow students, and among former students who are now colleagues. We are truly proud of this collective achievement and are pleased to present these studies to the wider scholarly community as a representative sample of what New York University has contrib- uted to this important area of research. Lawrence H. Schiffman Shani Tzoref LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols.; New York, 1992 ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AbrN Abr-Nahrain AbrNSup Abr-Nahrain: Supplement Series AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums ALD Aramaic Levi Document ALUOS Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society AOS American Oriental Series APOT Robert H. Charles, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English. Oxford: Clarendon, 1913 ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium Bib Biblica BibOr Biblica et orientalia BJS Brown Judaic Studies BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fόr die alttestamentliche Wissen- schaft CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CHANE Culture and History of the Ancient Near East CJA Christianity and Judaism in Antiquity CQS Companion to the Qumran Scrolls CRINT Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium. Edited by I. B. Chabot et al. Paris, 1903– CSJH Chicago Studies in the History of Judaism DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Edited by K. van der Toorn, B. Becking, and P. W. van der Horst. Leiden, 1995 xii list of abbreviations DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EDSS Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Edited by L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam. 2 vols.; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000 EncJud Encyclopaedia Judaica. 16 vols.; Jerusalem, 1971–1972. ErIsr Eretz Israel FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament HdO Handbook of Oriental Studies HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HTR Harvard Theological Review HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual IEJ Israel Exploration Journal IES Israel Exploration Society JANESCU Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JDS Judean Desert Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSIJ Jewish Studies, an Internet Journal JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenis- tic, and Roman Periods JPS Jewish Publication Society JSJSup Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods JSNTS Journal for the Study of the New Testament. Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSPSup Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha: Supplement Series JTS Journal of Theological Studies LCL Loeb Classical Library LSTS Library of Second Temple Studies NAB New American Bible NIDB New International Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by J. D. Douglas and M. C. Tenney. Grand Rapids, 1987 list of abbreviations xiii NRSV New Revised Standard Version NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTS New Testament Studies OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OTL Old Testament Library OTS Old Testament Studies RB Revue biblique RevQ Revue de Qumran RlA Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Edited by Erich Ebeling et al. Berlin, 1928– SAOC Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLEJL Society of Biblical Literature Early Judaism and Its Litera- ture SBLMS Society of Biblical
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