CURRICULUM VITAE Gabriel R. G. Benito

January 2009

Personal Details

Name: Gabriel Robertstad Garcia Benito Date of Birth: April 16, 1960 Married with Marianne Vahl, two children

Private Address: Carl Kjelsens vei 47, N-0874 Oslo, Norway Work Address: Department of Strategy and Logistics, BI Norwegian School of Management, N-0442 Oslo, Norway Telephone: +47 4641 0455 E-mail: [email protected]

Education

Doctor Oeconomiae (PhD), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), 1995.

Dissertation: Studies in the Foreign Direct Investment and Divestment Behavior of Norwegian Manufacturing Companies. Committee: Kjell Grønhaug (Supervisor), Torger Reve (Chair), Jesper Strandskov, Geir Gripsrud

Høyere avdelingsstudium/Cand.merc. (equivalent to MSc/MPhil), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), 1992.

Siviløkonom (Master of Business and Economics), BI Norwegian School of Management, 1984.

Work experience

• Head of Department, Department of Strategy and Logistics, BI Norwegian School of Management, Oslo (from January 2006 to December 2007). • Visiting Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen (August 2003- December 2005). • Professor, International Strategy, BI Norwegian School of Management, Oslo (from October 1999). • Associate Professor (førsteamanuensis), BI Norwegian School of Management, Sandvika, (from January, 1997 to September, 1999). • Research Associate Professor (forskningslektor), Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen (from July to December, 1996). • Visiting Associate Professor (gæstelektor), Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen (from August, 1995 to June, 1996). • Assistant Professor (amanuensis), BI Norwegian School of Management, Sandvika, (1994-95). • Assistant Professor (amanuensis), Østfold University College, Halden, (1992- 94). • Research Fellow (forsker), Norwegian Institute for Research in Marketing, Sandvika (1990, part-time 1991).

• Research Associate (stipendiat), Norwegian Institute for Research in Marketing, Sandvika (1989). • Research Associate (stipendiat), Norwegian Fund for Market and Distribution Research, Oslo (1986-1988). • Teaching/Research Assistant (vit.ass.), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen (1986). • Research Assistant (vit.ass.), Norwegian Research Council for Sciences and the Humanities/Norwegian Data Services for the Social Sciences, Bergen (1985- 86). • Assistant, Research Institute of the Norwegian Research Council for Sciences and the Humanities, Oslo (full time 1979-80, occasionally 80-84).

Other appointments

• Director, Center for International Strategy, BI Norwegian School of Management. • Professor II (Adjunct Professor), Agder University, from January 2007. • Associate Dean, PhD program in strategic management, BI Norwegian School of Management, from February 2006. • Head of program, “Globalization and Internationalization of the Norwegian Economy” (project 139982/510), a 4-year research program (2000-2004) funded by the Research Council of Norway. • Visiting professor, Institute of International Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Spain, October 2002-July 2003. • Visiting research scholar, Australian Centre for International Business, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of Melbourne, Australia, October- December 1998. • Head of section, International Business, Department of Marketing and Logistics, BI Norwegian School of Management (1997-1998). • Program director, MSc program in International Business, BI Norwegian School of Management (1997-1999). • Program director, MSc program in International Marketing and Strategy, BI Norwegian School of Management (1994-1995).

Teaching and Related Activities

Courses taught

Agder University:

• Research Issues in International Strategy (doctoral), 2007

BI Norwegian School of Management:

• Foreign Operation Methods, (grad.), 2008- • Corporate and Global Strategy (grad.), 2006-2008 • International Strategy (EMBA), 2004-2007 • Internationalization: Economic Theories (doctoral), 2002 • International Strategy II: Foreign Operation Methods (doctoral), 2000 • The International Firm (grad.), 2002-2005, 2007- • Management and Control Issues in MNEs (grad.), 1999-2002 • Global Business Policy (grad.), 1998-2001 • International Business: Issues and Theories (grad.), 1997-2000 • Seminar in International Business (grad.), 1999-2000 • Servicing International Markets (grad.), 1997-1999 • Interorganizational Relations (grad.), 1995 • Introduction to International Management (grad.), 2002 2

• International Business Development (grad.), 1997-1999 • Thesis seminar in International Business (grad.), 1998-2000 • Thesis seminar in Strategy (grad.), 2000 • Strategic Management (undergrad.), 2001 • Seminar on Globalization (undergrad.), 1995 • International Marketing Strategy (undergrad.), 1995

I have also been involved (e.g. given occasional lectures) in several doctoral courses and in Executive Education Programs, including MBA and EMBA, primarily in the areas of Corporate Strategy and International Business.

Copenhagen Business School:

• Corporate Strategy and Control (grad.), 2005 • International Business Strategy (Diploma-program), 1996 • International Business Strategy (undergrad.), 2004 • International Business Management and Control (grad.), 1995-1996 • Applied Microeconomics (undergrad.), 1996

Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration:

• International Management (grad.), 1986

University of Valencia:

• III Valencia Summer School in Business and Economics (doctoral.), 2008

Østfold University College:

• International Business Strategy (undergrad.), 1993-1994 • Marketing (undergrad.), 1992-1994 • Introduction to Business (undergrad.), 1992 • International Economics (undergrad.), 1992

Invited seminars, talks and lectures:

Held occasional lectures, talks and seminars (invited staff seminars) on a variety of topics, including Globalization, International Strategy, Divestment, Dynamics of International Distribution Channels, Mergers and Acquisitions, International Trade and Investment Theory, Recent Research on the Multinational Enterprise, Collection and Use of Information in International Business Operations, Transaction Cost Economics, International Market Entry and Expansion, and Foreign Direct Investment Theory at:

Academic institutions: Agder University (2005) Copenhagen Business School (1995-1997, 2002-2005, 2007) Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration (1996) BI Norwegian School of Management (1990-2008) Oslo University College (2001) Southern Denmark Business School (University of Southern Denmark) (1996) University of Melbourne (1998) University of Oslo (1999, 2000, 2001) University of Tilburg (2005) University of Valencia (2004)

Business and governmental: Eksportfinans (2006) Federation of Norwegian Manufacturing Industries (2000) Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry (2001, 2008) Norwegian Research Council (2000, 2001)

Other teaching related activities, especially at doctoral level:

• National coordinator, 1999-2003, for Norway in the NORD-IB program, a inter- university cooperation in the Nordic countries providing doctoral courses in International Business. The program has been partly funded by NorFA, the Nordic Research Academy. • Co-supervisor, doctoral dissertation, Qunyong Xie, University of Agder. Completion expected end 2009. • Co-supervisor, doctoral dissertation, Mursali Milanzi, University of Agder. Completion expected end 2009. • Supervisor, doctoral dissertation, Sverre Tomassen, who defended his thesis in December 2004, BI Norwegian School of Management. • Supervisor, doctoral dissertation, Birgitte Grøgaard, who defended her thesis in May 2006, BI Norwegian School of Management. • Member of examination committee, Keson W. Loke’s PhD thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, September 2006. • Member of examination committee (betygsnänmd), Magnus Persson’s PhD thesis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, September 2006. • Examiner, European PhD certificate, Marta Ortiz de Urbina Criado, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain, May 2006. • Member of examination committee and "opponent", Brian Portelli’s PhD thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (defended February 2006). • Member of advisory and examination committees and “opponent”, Mons L. F. Svendsen’s PhD thesis, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen, Norway (defended November 2005). • Chairman of examination committee, Carmine Gioa’s PhD thesis, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark (defended November 2005). • Member of examination committee, Sara McGaughey’s PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (completed October 2003). • Member of examination committee, Mette Østerlund’s PhD thesis, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002. • Member of examination committee, Tahir Rizwan’s licenciate dissertation, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland (completed June 2001). • Member of examination committee and "opponent", Patrick Furu's doctoral dissertation, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Helsinki, Finland (defended April 2000). • Advisor and/or examiner for numerous Master theses, BI Norwegian School of Management (1992-), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (1994-), Agder University (1996-), Copenhagen Business School (2004-), and Bodø University College (2006-)

Grading committees:

Served as grader/examiner in a numerous subjects including International Strategy, Organizational Economics, International Management, Global Business, Marketing, International Marketing, Business Logistics and Distribution, International Organizations, Product Management, Market Research, Finance, Research Methods, at Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Østfold University College, Agder University, Copenhagen Business School, BI Norwegian School of Management, Oslo Business School, NKS College

External evaluation committees

• Professorship, International Business, Stockholm School of Economics (2008) • Chair in International Business, Uppsala University (2007) • Professorship, Marketing, University of Tromsø (2004) • Associate Professorships, International Business, Copenhagen Business School (2000)

Awards and Research Grants

Listed in Who's Who in the World, Marquis, 18th edition, 2001, onwards Listed in Who's Who in the Management Sciences, Edward Elgar, 2000 Best Reviewer Award 2008, Journal of International Business Studies The BI Research Award 2007, BI Norwegian School of Management The Johan Arndt Prize for Excellent Publication in Marketing, 2007 (w/ G. Gripsrud) Honorable mention (runner-up), 1994 Hans B. Thorelli Best Paper Award, Journal of International Marketing (w/L.S. Welch) NHD (Norwegian Ministry of Industry and Trade): Research grant, 2008 NFR (Norwegian Research Council): Conference grant, 2005, European International Business Academy Annual Conference 2005 NFR (Norwegian Research Council): Research grant, 2000-2004, "Globalization and Internationalization of the Norwegian Economy" Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of Melbourne: Visiting scholarship, 1998 UD (Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs): Research grant, 1993-94 (w/ G. Gripsrud) Høgskolestyret i Østfold (Council of Colleges in Østfold): Research stipend, 1993 NORAS (Norwegian Council for Applied Social Research): Research grant, 1990-91

Academic memberships and service

• President (2005), Member of Executive Committee (2004-2006), Member of the Board (1997-2007), European International Business Academy • Representative-at-large (2008-2010), Global Strategy Interest Group, Strategic Management Society • Member, Academy of International Business • Member, Academy of Management (BPS and IM divisions)

Editorial and reviewing activities

Consulting Editor, Journal of International Business Studies, 2008-

Member, Editorial Review Board, Journal of International Business Studies, 2003-2008

Guest editor (w/Henrich R. Greve), Progress in International Business Research, Vol. 1, 2007.

Guest editor, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol. 30, no.1, 2000, "Frontiers of Research on the Internationalization of the Firm: Nordic Contributions".

Ad-hoc reviewer:

• Academy of Management Journal • Academy of Management Review • Advances in International Marketing

• Asia Pacific Journal of Management • BETA – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research • The Economic Record • International Business Review • International Journal of the Economics of Business • International Marketing Review • Journal of Business Research • Journal of East-West Business • Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization • Journal of International Business Studies • Journal of International Management • Journal of World Business • Management International Review • Scandinavian Journal of Management • Thunderbird International Business Review

Reviewed book manuscripts for Edward Elgar, Routledge, and Wiley, and research project proposals for Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.

Conference Activities

• Session chair and panellist, 34th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Tallinn, December 2008 • Reviewer and session chair, Academy of International Business, Milan, July 2008 • Reviewer, European Academy of Management, Ljubljana, May 2008 • Reviewer, Strategic Management Society, Cologne, October 2008 • Keynote Lecture, 25th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-XXVI), Bergen, Norway, January, 2008 • Panel chair, “Is the death of the firm greatly exaggerated?”, Conference on Four Decades of International Business at Reading: Looking to the Future, University of Reading, UK, April, 2007 • Session chair, 32nd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Fribourg, December 2006 • Reviewer, Academy of International Business, Beijing, June 2006 • Conference Chair, 31st EIBA Annual Conference, Oslo, December 10-13, 2005 • Reviewer, Academy of Management, Hawaii, August 2005 • Reviewer, Academy of International Business, Quebec City, July 2005 • Reviewer, session chair, 30th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Ljubljana, December 2004 • Reviewer and panellist, Academy of International Business, Stockholm, July 2004 • Keynote Lecture, International Conference on Divestment: Corporate Strategies, The Regions and Policy Responses, Lisbon, September 2003 • Reviewer, session chair, and panellist, 29th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Copenhagen, December 2003 • Reviewer, Academy of International Business, Monterey, July 2003 • Reviewer, 28th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Athens, December 2002 • Reviewer, ANZAM/IFSAM 6th World Congress, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, July 2002 • Reviewer, 27th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Paris, December 2001 • Reviewer, Academy of International Business, Sydney, November 2001 • Session chair, 26th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Maastricht, December 2000 6

• Reviewer and session chair, 25th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Manchester, December 1999 • Doctoral Tutorial faculty and session chair, 5th Workshop in International Business, University of Vaasa, August 1999 • Reviewer and session chair, 24th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Jerusalem, December 1998 • I organized the 4th Nordic workshop in International Business, which was held at the Norwegian School of Management BI, May 1998. I also edited an issue of International Studies of Management and Organization based on a selection of papers presented at the workshop • Reviewer, session chair, and panellist, 23rd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stuttgart, December 1997 • Session chair, panellist, and Doctoral Tutorial faculty, 4th Workshop in International Business, University of Vaasa, August 1997 • Session chair, 6th Nordic Workshop on Interorganizational Research, Oslo, August 1996

Publications

Books

Welch, Lawrence S., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Petersen, Bent, Foreign Operation Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 2007.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Narula, Rajneesh (editors), Multinationals on the Periphery. London: Palgrave. 2007.

Articles in Journals and Serials

Petersen, Bent, Welch, Lawrence S. and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Managing the Internalisation Process", Management International Review, forthcoming.

Asmussen, Christian G., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Petersen, Bent, "Organizing Foreign Market Activities: From Entry Mode Choice to Configuration Decisions", International Business Review, forthcoming.

Coltman, Tim, Bru, Kathrine, Perm-Ajchariyawong, Nidthida, Devinney, Timothy M., and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Supply Chain Contract Evolution", European Management Journal, forthcoming.

Goldeng, Eskil, Grünfeld, Leo A. and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Performance Differential between Private and State Owned Enterprises: The Roles of Ownership, Management, and Market Structure", Journal of Management Studies, 45(7), 2008, 1244-1273.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Internationalization in Retailing: Modeling the Pattern of Foreign Market Entry", Journal of Business Research, 58(12), 2005, 1672-1680.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Tomassen, Sverre, Bonache-Pérez, Jaime and Pla-Barber, José "A Transaction Cost Analysis of Staffing Decisions in International Operations", Scandinavian Journal of Management, 21(1), 2005, 101-126.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Divestment and International Business Strategy", Journal of Economic Geography, 5(2), 2005, 235-251.

- Reprinted in M. Kotabe (ed.), International Marketing, Sage Publications, 2007, Volume 3: 119-137.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Pedersen, Torben and Petersen, Bent, "Export Channel Dynamics: An Empirical Examination", Managerial and Decision Economics, 26(3), 2005, 159-173.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Berger, Eivind, de la Forest, Morten and Shum, Jonas, "A Cluster Analysis of the Maritime Sector in Norway", International Journal of Transport Management, 1(4), 2003, 203-215.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Grøgaard, Birgitte and Narula, Rajneesh, "Environmental Influences on MNE Subsidiary Roles: Economic Integration and the Nordic Countries", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(5), 2003, 443-456.

Karlsen, Tore, Silseth, Pål.R., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "Knowledge, Internationalization of the Firm, and Inward-Outward Connections", Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5), 2003, 385-396.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Larimo, Jorma, Narula, Rajneesh and Pedersen, Torben, "Multinational Enterprises from Small Economies: Internationalization Patterns of Large Companies from Denmark, Finland and Norway", International Studies of Management and Organization, 32(1), 2002, 57-78.

- Reprinted in D. van den Bulcke, A. Verbeke and W. Yuan (eds.), Handbook on Small Nations in the Global Economy: The Contribution of Multinational Enterprises to National Economic Success, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, forthcoming.

Pedersen, Torben, Petersen, Bent, and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Foreign Operation Method Change: Impetus and Switching Costs", International Business Review, 11(3), 2002, 325-345.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Strøm, Øystein, "Chain Strategies and Modes of Foreign Market Penetration in Agribusiness", Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, 11(2), 2000, 1-21.

Petersen, Bent, Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Pedersen, Torben, "Replacing the Foreign Intermediary: Motivators and Deterrents", International Studies of Management and Organization, 30(1), 2000, 47-64.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "Promoting Efforts from Developing Countries: An Empirical Test of the Impact of Import Promotion Offices", International Trade Journal, 13(2), 1999, 187-209.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Pedersen, Torben and Petersen, Bent, "Foreign Operation Methods and Switching Costs: Conceptual Issues and Possible Effects", Scandinavian Journal of Management, 15(2), 1999, 213-229.

Tomassen, Sverre, Welch, Lawrence S. and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Norwegian Companies in India: Operation Mode Choice", Asian Journal of Business and Information Systems, 3(1), 1998, 1-19.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "De-Internationalization", Management International Review, 37(Special Issue 2), 1997, 7-25.

- Reprinted in R.B. McNaughton and J. Bell (eds.), Entrepreneurship and Globalization, London: Sage, forthcoming.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Divestment of Foreign Production Operations", Applied Economics, 29(10), 1997, 1365-1377.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Ownership Structures of Norwegian Foreign Subsidiaries in Manufacturing", International Trade Journal, 10(2), 1996, 157-198.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Konsekvenser av nasjonalt og utenlandsk eierskap i norsk industri" (Consequences of National versus Foreign Ownership in Norwegian Industry), Økonomi & Politik, 69(1), 1996, 33-45.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Promoting Imports from Developing Countries: A Marketing Perspective", Journal of Business Research, 32(2), 1995, 141- 48.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "Foreign Market Servicing: Beyond Choice of Entry Mode", Journal of International Marketing, 2(2), 1994, 7-27.

- Reprinted in H. Vernon-Wortzel and L.H. Wortzel (eds.), Strategic Management in a Global Economy (3rd edition), New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999, 339- 352.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Solberg, Carl-Arthur and Welch, Lawrence S., "An Exploration of the Information Behaviour of Norwegian Exporters", International Journal of Information Management, 13(4), 1993, 274-286.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "The Expansion of Foreign Direct Investments: Discrete Rational Location Choices or a Cultural Learning Process?", Journal of International Business Studies, 23(3), 1992, 461-476.

- Reprinted in P.J. Buckley and P. Ghauri (eds.), The Internationalization of the Firm (2nd edition), London: International Thomson Business Press, 1999, 136- 148.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Biong, Harald, "Handel med Øst-Europa: Norske bedrifters erfaringer" (Trade with Eastern Europe: The Norwegian Experience), Praktisk Økonomi & Ledelse, 7(1), 1991, 109-117.

Articles in Books and Printed Proceedings

Petersen, Bent, Benito, Gabriel R.G., Welch, Lawrence S. and Asmussen, Christian G., "Mode Configuration Diversity: A New Perspective on Foreign Operation Mode Choice", in A.Y. Lewin, D. Griffith, S.T. Cavusgil and G.T.M. Hult (eds.), Thought Leadership in Advancing International Business, London: Palgrave, 2008, 57-78.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Narula, Rajneesh, "States and Firms on the Periphery: The Challenges of a Globalizing World", in G.R.G. Benito and R. Narula (eds.), Multinationals on the Periphery, London: Palgrave, 2007, 1-24.

Grøgaard, Birgitte and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Internationalization Patterns of Norwegian Firms: Does Industry Matter?", in G.R.G. Benito and R. Narula (eds.), Multinationals on the Periphery, London: Palgrave, 2007, 74-97.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Tomassen, Sverre, "The Micro-Mechanics of Foreign Operations’ Performance: An Analysis Based on the OLI Framework", in J. Cantwell and R. Narula (eds.), International Business and the Eclectic Paradigm: Developing the OLI Framework, New York and London: Routledge, 2003, 174-199.

Welch, Lawrence S., Benito, Gabriel R. G., Silseth, Pål R. and Karlsen, Tore, "Exploring Inward-Outward Linkages in Firms’ Internationalisation: A Knowledge and Network Perspective" in S. Lundan (ed.), Network Knowledge in International Business, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2002, 216-231.

Gripsrud, G. and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Promotion of Products from Developing Countries: An Overview and Assessment of Import Promotion Efforts", in R. Narula (ed.), Trade and Investment in a Globalizing World, Kidlington: Pergamon, 2001, 199- 216.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Industrial Clusters and Foreign Companies' Centres of Excellence in Norway", in U. Holm and T. Pedersen (eds.), The Emergence and Impact of MNC Centres of Excellence: A Subsidiary Perspective, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000, 97-112.

Petersen, Bent, Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Pedersen, Torben, "Replacing the Foreign Intermediary: Motivators and Deterrents", in S.J. Gray and S. Nicholas (eds.), The Challenges of Globalization, Melbourne: Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference of the Australia-New Zealand International Business Academy, 1998, 330-344.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Utviklingen av norske direkte utenlandske investeringer (The Development of Norwegian Foreign Direct Investment)", in E. Lange and H. Glimstedt (eds.), Globalisering: Drivkrefter og konsekvenser (Globalization: Driving Factors and Consequences), Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 1998, 122-135.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Strøm, Øystein, "Chain Strategies and Modes of Foreign Market Penetration in the Food Sector", in G. W. Ziggers, J. H. Trienekens, P. J. P. Zuurbier (eds.), Proceedings, Wageningen Agricultural University: 3rd International Conference on Chain Management in Agribusiness and the Food Industry, 1998, 91- 101.

Pedersen, Torben, Petersen, Bent and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Change of Foreign Operation Method: Impetus to Change and Switching Costs", in J. Larimo (ed.), Internationalization and Foreign Direct Investment Behavior in OECD and Asian Countries, Vaasa: Proceedings of the University of Vaasa (Report 24), 1997, 32-58.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "Promoting Exports from Developing Countries: An Empirical Test of the Impact of Import Promotion Offices", in D.-N. Lascu, I. Catoiu, N. Dholakia and S. Grossbart (eds.), Marketing Challenge in Transition Economies, Black Sea University, Romania: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Marketing and Development, 1997, 272-279.

Benito, Gabriel R. G.,"Why are Foreign Subsidiaries Divested? A Conceptual Framework", I. Björkman and M. Forsgren (eds.), The Nature of the International Firm, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, 1997, 309-344.

Hennart, Jean-Francois, Barkema, Harry, Bell, John, Benito, Gabriel R. G., Larimo, Jorma, Pedersen, Torben and Ming Zeng, "The Impact of National Origin on the

Survival of Foreign Affiliates: A Comparative Study of North European and Japanese Investors in the United States", in G. Hedlund and Ö. Sölvell (eds.), Innovation and International Business, Stockholm: Proceedings of the 22nd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, 1996, 341-364.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Utenlandsk eierskap i norsk næringsliv" (Foreign Ownership in the Norwegian Economy) in T. Reve (ed.), Eierskap og kapital som konkurransefaktor (Ownership and Capital as Factors of Competitiveness), Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 1996, 103-122.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "The Internationalization Process Approach to the Location of Foreign Direct Investments: An Empirical Analysis" in R. B. McNaughton and M. B. Green (eds.), The Location of Foreign Direct Investment: Geographic and Business Approaches, Aldershot: Avebury Press, 1995, 43-58.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Import Promotion of Products from Developing Countries: An Overview and Assessment" in K. Basu, A. Joy and Z. Hangsheng (eds.), Marketing and Development, Beijing: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Marketing and Development, 1995, 123-128.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "Norwegian Companies in Eastern Europe: Past Involvement and Reaction to Recent Changes" in P. J. Buckley and P. N. Ghauri (eds.), The Economics of Change in East and Central Europe: Its Impact on International Business, London: Academic Press, 1994, 221-234.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Evaluating Government Sponsored Import Promotion from Developing Countries: A Marketing Perspective" in L. V. Dominguez (ed.), Marketing and Economic Restructuring in the Developing World, San José: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Marketing and Development, 1993, 95-102.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "The Process of Foreign Market Penetration: Choice of Entry Mode." in O. H. M. Yau and W. F. Shepherd (eds.), Problems and Prospects in International Business: Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific, Brisbane: Proceedings of the Academy of International Business Southeast Asia Conference, 1992, 582-585.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Markedsteori, foretaksteori og priser: Ulike syn på prissetting og prisatferd" (Market Theory, Theory of the Firm, and Prices: An Assessment of Different Views on Price Formation and Price Behavior) in Aspects of Competition, Oslo: Norwegian Fund for Market and Distribution Research, 1987, 32-62.

Book Reviews

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Nygaard, Arne, Foretakets organisasjonslogikk (The Organizational Logic of the Firm) by D. McDonald, BETA - Tidsskrift for bedriftsøkonomi, Vol. 4, no. 2, 1990, 62-64.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., The Economic Nature of the Firm by L. Putterman, BETA - Tidsskrift for bedriftsøkonomi, Vol. 3, no. 2, 1989, 90-94.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., The Economic Institutions of Capitalism by O.E. Williamson, BETA - Tidsskrift for bedriftsøkonomi, Vol. 1, no. 2, 1987, 54-59.

Presented at conferences and workshops

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Lunnan, Randi and Tomassen, Sverre, "Leaving the Periphery: The Location of Division Headquarters among Large Norwegian Companies, 2000- 2006", presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Tallinn, December 11-13, 2008, at Strategic Management Society Annual Meeting, Cologne, October 12-15, 2008, and at Nordic Workshop in International Business, Uppsala, May 29-30, 2008.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Petersen, Bent and Welch, Lawrence S. "Towards more Realistic Conceptualisations of Foreign Operation Methods: Challenges to Existing Treatments", presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Tallinn, December 11-13, 2008.

Petersen, Bent, Welch, Lawrence S. and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Managing the Internalisation Process – A Theoretical Perspective", presented at Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Milan, Italy, June 30 – July 3, 2008, and at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Catania, Italy, December 13-15, 2007.

Tomassen, Sverre and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Governance Costs in Foreign Direct Investments: Acquisitions versus Greenfields", presented at Strategic Management Society 27th Annual Conference, San Diego, USA, October 14-17, 2007.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Tomassen, Sverre, "The Headquarter-Subsidiary Relationship: An Exploration of the Costs of Governance in Mmultinational Companies", presented at Symposium on HQs’ Role in the Contemporary MNC, Uppsala University, Sweden, 14-15 September, 2007.

Hashai, Niron, Asmussen, Christian G., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Petersen, Bent, "Mode Configuration Ownership and Diversity - The Impact of Size and Knowledge Intensity", presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Fribourg, Switzerland, December 7-9, 2006, at Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Beijing, PRC, June 23-26, 2006, and at Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Atlanta, USA, August 11-16, 2006.

Tomassen, Sverre and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Costs of Governance in International Companies: A Study of their Effects on the Performance of Foreign Operations", presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Oslo Norway, December 10-13, 2005. Also presented at Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Quebec City, Canada, July 9-12, 2005. An earlier version entitled "Transaction Costs in Multinational Companies: A Study of their Effects on the Performance of Foreign Operations" was presented at the Conference in honor of O.E. Williamson, University of Valencia, Spain, October 21, 2004.

Petersen, Bent, Pedersen, Torben and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Termination Dilemma of Foreign Intermediaries: Performance, Anti-Shirking Measures and Hold-Up Safeguards", presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia, December 5-7, 2004. Also presented at Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Quebec City, Canada, July 9-12, 2005.

Petersen, Bent, Benito, Gabriel R.G., Welch, Lawrence S. and Asmussen, Christian G., "Mode Configuration Diversity: A New Perspective on Foreign Entry Mode Choice", presented at the 2nd Annual JIBS/AIB/CIBER Conference on Emerging Research Frontiers in International Business Studies, MSU, East Lansing (Michigan), USA, September 16-19, 2004.

Grøgaard, Birgitte and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Internationalization Patterns of Norwegian Firms: Does Industry Matter?", presented at Academy of International

Business Annual Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, July 10-13, 2004. Also presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia, December 5-7, 2004.

Asmussen, Christian G., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Petersen, Bent, "From Entry Modes to Configuration of Foreign Market Activities", presented at the 10th Nordic Workshop in International Business, Fontainebleau, France, May 26-28, 2004. Also presented at European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia, December 5-7, 2004.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Divestment Seen through the Lens of International Business Strategy", International Conference on Divestment: Corporate Strategies, The Regions and Public Policy, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-23, 2003.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Tomassen, Sverre, Bonache-Pérez, Jaime, Pla-Barber, José, "A Transaction Cost Analysis of Staffing Decisions in International Operations", 29th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, December 8-10, 2003. Also presented at Nordic Workshop on Transaction Cost Economics in Business Administration, Bergen, Norway, June 20-21, 2003, and at ACEDE annual conference, Salamanca, Spain, September 21-23, 2003.

Goldeng, Eskil, Grünfeld, Leo A. and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Diverging Performance of Private and State Owned Enterprises: Is it Due to Ownership or Market Structure?", European Network on Industrial Policy Annual Conference, Åbo, Finland, December 5- 7, 2002.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Internationalization in Retailing: Explaining the Pattern of Foreign Market Entry", European Marketing Academy Annual Conference, Braga, Portugal, May 28-31, 2002, and 28th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Athens, Greece, December 8-10, 2002.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., Grøgaard, Birgitte and Narula, Rajneesh, "The Effect of Regional Integration on Subsidiary Roles: The Heterogeneity of Subsidiaries in the Nordic Countries", the 27th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Paris, France, December 13-15, 2001, and Academy of International Business, Sydney, Australia, November 2001.

Welch, Lawrence S., Benito, Gabriel R. G., Silseth, Pål R. and Karlsen, Tore, "Exploring Inward-Outward Linkages in Firms’ Internationalisation: A Knowledge and Network Perspective”, the 17th IMP Conference, Oslo, Norway, September 9-11, 2001.

Karlsen, Tore, Silseth, Pål.R., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "Knowledge Creation in the Internationalization of a Firm through Inward-Outward Connections", the 26th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Maastricht, The Netherlands, December 10-12, 2000.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Larimo, Jorma, Narula, Rajneesh and Pedersen, Torben, "Multinational Enterprises from Small Economies: The Internationalization Patterns of Large Companies from the Nordic Countries, 1990-1999", Academy of International Business Annual Meeting, Phoenix (Arizona), USA, November 17-20, 2000.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "R&D and Innovation in the Maritime Sector in Norway: Some Preliminary Findings", Workshop on Multinationals and Innovation Systems, MESIAS European Network, Oslo, June 5, 2000.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Competitive Advantage for Norwegian Shipping: Does it still Exist?", Ship Finance Solutions - Norway, Oslo, April 13, 2000.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Norwegian Maritime Sector in a Global World: Opportunities and Challenges in the New Millennium", A Value Creating Norway, Kongsberg, April 5, 2000.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., Pedersen, Torben and Petersen, Bent, "Export Channel Dynamics: An Empirical Analysis of Changes in the Organization of Foreign Distribution", Academy of International Business Annual Meeting, Phoenix (Arizona), USA, November 17-20, 2000, the 25th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Manchester, United Kingdom, December 12-14, 1999. Also presented at the 5th Workshop in International Business, University of Vaasa, August 22-24, 1999.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Strøm, Øystein, "Chain Strategies and Modes of Foreign Market Penetration in the Food Sector", the 3rd International Conference on Chain Management in Agri Business and Food Industry, Ede, The Netherlands, May 28-29, 1998.

Petersen, Bent, Pedersen, Torben and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Replacing the Foreign Intermediary: Motivators and Deterrents", the 24rd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, December 15-17, 1998. Also presented at the Inaugural Conference of the Australia-New Zealand International Business Academy, Melbourne, 13-14 November 1998, and at the 4th Nordic Workshop in International Business, Oslo, May 15-16, 1998.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., "Industrial Clusters and Foreign Companies’ Centers of Excellence in Norway: Some Preliminary Findings", the 23rd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, December 14-16, 1997.

Tomassen, Sverre, Welch, Lawrence S. and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Norwegian Companies in India: Operation Mode Choice", the 23rd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, December 14-16, 1997.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "Promoting Exports from Developing Countries: An Empirical Test of the Impact of Import Promotion Offices", the 6th International Conference on Marketing and Development, Romania, July 1-4, 1997.

Pedersen, Torben, Petersen, Bent and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Change of Foreign Operation Method: Impetus to Change and Switching Costs", Academy of Management Annual Meeting, San Diego, USA, August 7-12, 1998. Also presented at the 15th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-XVI), Bergen, Norway, January 7-8, 1998, the 23rd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, December 14-16, 1997, the 4th Workshop in International Business, University of Vaasa, Finland, August 25-27, 1997, and at the Nordic Workshop in International Business, Helsinki, Finland, May 15-16, 1997.

Hennart, Jean-Francois, Barkema, Harry, Bell, John, Benito, Gabriel R. G., Larimo, Jorma, Pedersen, Torben and Zeng, Ming, "The Impact of National Origin on the Survival of Foreign Affiliates: A Comparative Study of North European and Japanese Investors in the United States", Academy of International Business Annual Meeting, Monterrey, Mexico, October 8-12, 1997. Also presented at the 4th Workshop in International Business, University of Vaasa, Finland, August 25-27, 1997, and at the 22nd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, December 14-17, 1996.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., Pedersen, Torben and Petersen, Bent, "Foreign Operation Methods and Switching Costs: Conceptual Issues and some Propositions", the 22nd European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Stockholm, Sweden,

December 14-17, 1996. Earlier version presented at Nordic Workshop in International Business, University of Uppsala, Sweden, May 2-3, 1996.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "De-Internationalization", Academy of International Business Annual Meeting, Banff, Canada, September 26-29, 1996.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Larimo, Jorma, "Divestment of Foreign Production Operations: The Case of Foreign Direct Investments from Two Nordic Countries", International Conference on Longitudinal Research on Foreign Market Entry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, April 18-20, 1996. Also presented at the 21st European International Business Academy Annual Conference, Urbino, Italy, December 10-12, 1995.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Konsekvenser av nasjonalt og utenlandsk eierskap i norsk industri" (Consequences of National versus Foreign Ownership in Norwegian Industry), Workshop on the Internationalization of SMEs, Southern Denmark Business School, Kolding, Denmark, November 9, 1995.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Import Promotion of Products from Developing Countries: An Overview and Assessment", the 5th International Conference on Marketing and Development, Beijing, PRC, 22-25 June 1995.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Divestment of Foreign Production Operations", the 2nd Workshop in International Business at the University of Vaasa, Finland, May 23-24, 1995. Also presented at Workshop on Nordic Research in International Business, Copenhagen, June 8-9, 1995, and at the 12th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-XII), Bergen, Norway, January 5-6, 1995.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Ownership Structures of Foreign Subsidiaries in Manufacturing: Some Norwegian Evidence", 11th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-XI), Bergen, Norway, January 5-6, 1994.

Gripsrud, Geir and Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Evaluating Government Sponsored Import Promotion from Developing Countries: A Marketing Perspective", the 4th International Conference on Marketing and Development, San José, Costa Rica, January 7-10, 1993.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "Dynamic Factors and the Foreign Market Servicing Decision", the 18th Annual Conference of the European International Business Association, University of Reading, UK, December 13-15, 1992.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Welch, Lawrence S., "The Process of Foreign Market Penetration: Choice of Entry Mode", the Academy of International Business Southeast Asia Conference, Brisbane, Australia, June 21-24, 1992.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., Solberg, Carl A. and Welch, Lawrence S., "An Exploration of the Information Behaviour of Norwegian Exporters", the 17th Annual Conference of the European International Business Association, Copenhagen, Denmark, December 15- 17, 1991.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Gripsrud, Geir, "The Expansion of Foreign Direct Investments by Manufacturing Companies: Discrete Rational Location Choices or a Cultural Learning Process", the 16th Annual Conference of the European International Business Association, Madrid, Spain, December 12-15, 1990. Also presented at 8th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-VII), Bergen, Norway, January 9-10, 1991.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Eastern Europe and Modes of Entry: An Analysis", the 19th Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy, Innsbrück, Austria, May 22- 25, 1990. Abstract published in proceedings.

Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Dholakia, Nikilesh, "Towards a Multidisciplinary Theory of Marketing Relationships", the 19th Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy, Innsbrück, Austria, May 22-25, 1990. Abstract published in proceedings.

Benito, Gabriel R. G., "Om valg av internasjonaliseringsform" (On the Choice of Internationalization Form), the 6th Annual National Conference of Business Economics (FIBE-VI), Bergen, Norway, January 10-12, 1989.

Miscellaneous

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Christensen, Sverre A., Lunnan, Randi and Tomassen, Sverre, Fra operativ til strategisk internasjonalisering: En studie av store norske selskapers utflytting av divisjonshovedkontorer (From Operative to Strategic Internationalization: A Study of Large Norwegian Companies’ Relocation of Division Headquarters), Research Report 2/2008, Oslo: BI Norwegian School of Management.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Norge og utenlandske investeringer (Noway and Foreign Investments), in ‘Globale Norge – Hva nå? Økonomiske interesser og utfordringer’ (Global Norway – What Now? Economic Interests and Challenges). Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2007.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Berger, Eivind, de la Forest, Morten and Shum, Jonas, Den maritime sector i Norge sett i et klyngeperspektiv (A Cluster Perspective on the Maritime Sector in Norway), Research Report 8/2000, Oslo: BI Norwegian School of Management.

Hennart, Jean-Francois, Barkema, Harry, Bell, John, Benito, Gabriel R. G., Larimo, Jorma, Pedersen, Torben and Zeng, Ming, The Impact of National Origin on the Survival. of Foreign Affiliates: A Comparative Study of North European and Japanese Investors In the United States, Working Paper 97-0103, 1997, Center for International Business Education and Research, Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Studies in the Foreign Direct Investment and Divestment Behavior of Norwegian Manufacturing Companies, Doctoral Dissertation, 1995, Bergen: Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Foretaks eksistens, utforming og atferd: Et essay om noen viktige temaer i økonomisk teori [The Nature, Design and Behavior of Firms: An Essay on some Important Themes in Economic Theory], Working Report 7:1994, Halden: Østfold University College.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Betydningen av erfaring, ressurser og avstand for lokalisering av produksjonsvirksomhet utenlands: En empirisk analyse av norske industrietableringer i utlandet (Effects of Experience, Resources and Distance on the Location of Production Activities Abroad: An Empirical Analysis of Norwegian Industry Establishments Abroad), Master Thesis, 1992, Bergen: Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Biong, Harald, Dingstad Berg, Ingvild and Thorenfeldt, Per John, Norske bedrifters erfaringer fra handel med Øst-Europa (Norwegian Companies’ experiences from Trade with East Europe), Research Report, 1991, Sandvika: Norwegian Institute for Research in Marketing.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., En gjennomgang av transaksjonskostnadsteorien basert på enkelte sentrale kriterier for teorievalusering (An Evaluation of Transaction Cost Theory Based on Some Central Criteria for Theory Evaluation), in Sigurd W. Troye, Theory Criteria and Theory Evaluation, mimeo, 1988, Bergen: The Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Avansement i offentlige etater: En undersøkelse av karrieremulighetene for høyere utdannede og etatsutdannede i enkelte offentlige etater (Promotions in Public Institutions: An Investigation of Career Paths in some Public Service Organizations), Master Thesis, 1984, Bekkestua: BI Norwegian School of Management.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Hernæs, Erik and Larsen, Knut Arild, Utdanningsbakgrunnen til enkelte grupper universitetsstudenter (The Educational Background of Some Groups of University Students), Note 1/1982, Oslo: The Research Institute of the Norwegian Research Council for the Sciences and the Humanities.

Work-in-review

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Petersen, Bent and Welch, Lawrence S. "Towards more Realistic Conceptualisations of Foreign Operation Methods: Challenges to Existing Treatments", revised version in review (2nd review), Journal of International Business Studies.

Tomassen, Sverre and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "The Costs of Governance in International Companies", revised version in review (2nd review), International Business Review.

Grøgaard, Birgitte, Gioia, Carmine and Benito, Gabriel R.G., "An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Industry Factors in the Internationalization Patterns of Firms", revised version in review (2nd review), International Studies of Management and Organization.

Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Tomassen, Sverre, "Governance Costs in Headquarter- Subsidiary Relationships", revised version in review for book to be published by Edward Elgar.

Hashai, Niron, Asmussen, Christian G., Benito, Gabriel R.G. and Petersen, Bent, "The Diversity of Entry Mode Configuration", revise and re-submit, Management International Review.

Benito, Gabriel R.G., Lunnan, Randi and Tomassen, Sverre, " Leaving the Periphery: The Location of Division Headquarters among Large Norwegian Companies, 2000- 2006", in review, Journal of Management Studies.