Rome Capitol Theater, December 1928 J. Floyd Yewell, Central Terminal, Buffalo, Rome Capitol Theater New York, 1929, oil on canvas New York State and Albany Institute of History and Art Arthur Hind Hotel Utica Regional Events Oneida County History Center Statue of James Schoolcraft Sherman Oneida County History Center Virgil Thomson’s Four Saints in Three Acts Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art MWPI opens to public Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute

Maria Williams Proctor

Reginald Marsh, Texas Guinan and Her Gang, 1931, Walter D. Edmonds tempera on canvas, 57.196 Oneida County History Center Thomas R. Proctor funeral, Grace Episcopal Church Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Proctor Park Oneida County History Center Oneida County History Center James Penney, Unemployed, 1933-34, oil on canvas, 83.26 Savage Arms Company Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Maria Williams Proctor Oneida County History Center Empire State Building, First National Bank Building NYC Oneida County History Center Niagara Mohawk Power Building, 1932 • Arthur Hind, a Utica resident who co-owns a textile mill in Clark Mills, National Grid, Syracuse NY purchases the most valuable stamp in the world. The 1856 British Guiana • Prohibition prompts many to visit illegal speakeasies for access to alcoholic

105 12 pt Diego Rivera 105 18 pt 105 24 pt 105 36 pt 203 105 48 pt drinks. Dozens of speakeasies are open throughout the city of Utica. 60 pt one-cent magenta costs him $34,000. 105 • The Stanley Theater has its grand opening in Utica, showing the silent movie Ramona, starring Dolores del Río. Lewis Hine, Empire State Building, 1930’s, gelatin silver print • Opening in 1927, the successful Hurd Shoe Co. (known as Tallman and Metropolitan Museum of Art • The local textile industry suffers as women who had earned money working for • The Grid Leak Company obtains a license to operate a radio station from Hurd in 1872 and twenty years later as Hurd and Fitzgerald Shoe Co.) the defense industry during World War I begin to buy expensive cloth and fur within its building on Bank Place in downtown Utica. Its call letters are WIBX. • The 14-story First National Bank Building on the northeast corner of Genesee • The Capitol Theatre opens in Rome on December 10; it is the city’s first theater • With the stock market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression, factories • Utica celebrates its centennial as a city. In 1832, it became the sixth city in the • With the passing of the Cullen Act, Utica’s West End Brewery, operated by F.X. operates out of a 25,000 square foot, five-story building on the corner of coats for warmth instead of the heavy undergarments manufactured here. and Elizabeth streets becomes the tallest building in Utica when it opens on able to play the new movies with sound. The first program includes a newsreel, in Utica and the surrounding area begin to lay off their workers or to close. state – following New York City, Albany, Troy, Hudson, and Schenectady. Matt, begins to distribute beer one minute after midnight on April 7th. The company Main and First Streets. The building, listed on the National Register of Fenimore House/New York State Historical Association, ca. 1945, Only six of the nineteen knitting mills that were operating in 1910 are still open. • The New Yorker is first published on February 21st as a humor magazine for the December 3. • Gertrude D. Curran dies, leaving the bulk of her large estate to found the two Vitaphone shorts, and the First National feature Lilac Time, starring Colleen • Richard C. Gerstenberg, a native of Little Falls and a 1927 graduate of had completed all the necessary paperwork in advance of the legalization of beer Historic Places, is designed by Frederick Gouge, a prominent Utica architect Arthur J. Telfer, H: 5 x W: 7 in. Fenimore Art Museum, Cooperstown, New York, Gift of Arthur J. Telfer, 5-03,099. • A statue of Utica’s James Schoolcraft Sherman, 27th vice president of the sophisticated reader. The cover features Eustace Tilley, a dandy figure illustrated Curran Musical Scholarship Fund to benefit student musicians in the Utica Moore and Gary Cooper. • The federal government builds a new main post office in Utica at Broad and Chrysler Building, NYC Mohawk High, joins General Motors in Dayton, OH, as a timekeeper with the • The Niagara Hudson Building (known as the Niagara Mohawk Building) is sales taking effect. also responsible for the 1882-83 addition to Fountain Elms. by art editor Rea Irvin. Hotel Utica adds four stories, bringing it to fourteen floors. This expansion John Streets, as well as a National Guard armory on Culver Avenue. constructed in Syracuse, NY, as the headquarters of the largest electric utility The Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute opens to the public, following the death • Rochester newspaper publisher Frank Gannett purchases the Utica Herald- United States from 1909 to1912, is unveiled on Genesee Street and the • public schools. Frigidaire Division. He rises through the ranks to become the eighth chairman of • Utica’s population approaches 102,000. • Elihu Root Dispatch and the Utica Observer. He merges them to create the Observer- Parkway. makes it the second tallest building in Utica and increases its capacity to 350 • Famed aviator, Amelia Earhart, arrives in Utica to visit her sister Muriel, the board and chief executive officer in 1972. company in the nation. Its Art Deco design and the façade’s Spirit of Light remain • Maria Williams Proctor purchases the failing Bagg’s Hotel in Utica for $42,000. • Maria Williams Proctor dies on June 18th at age 82. of Maria Proctor, the last living member of the family. It had been chartered in • Hundreds of migrant workers from such places as Georgia and Florida arrive Dispatch, which continues to publish today. • Bass baritone Paul Robeson makes his debut at a critically acclaimed concert guest rooms. • Flautist Alberto Socarras arrives in New York, bringing Afro-Cuban musical a teacher at the Utica Country Day School in New Hartford. • The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) opens to the public. an iconic image for the city. To provide work for unemployed Utica men during the Great Depression, Proctor • Benny Goodman purchases the compositions and arrangements of Fletcher 1919 as “an artistic, musical and social center.” in Oneida County to pick peas and beans, an annual occurrence. • Onondaga Pottery Company (later known as Syracuse China) opens its • Time magazine, based in New York City, is first published on March 3rd. in Greenwich Village. His performance is the first to consist solely of elements to the American jazz scene. • The Empire State Building opens in Manhattan and surpasses the Chrysler directs that no mechanical equipment will be used to demolish the hotel but, rather, Henderson, a well-known black bandleader, and later uses them on the NBC • Congress authorizes the construction of the Fort Stanwix National Monument in Court Street factory, the first linear, one-story facility in the country’s china industry. • The Book of American Negro Poetry, a collection of poetry edited by James Negro spirituals. • The New York City council enacts restrictions on music performances in the hope • Amateur color movie making becomes possible with Kodak’s introduction of • Maria and Thomas Proctor publically announce plans to establish the Munson- • With thousands in Utica unemployed, an Emergency Employment Bureau is Building as the tallest building in the world. • MoMA opens an exhibition on International Style, displaying images of the all work will be done by manual labor. She also commissions the Bagg’s Square radio show Let’s Dance. Goodman becomes the first white bandleader to be Rome, NY. The Great Depression and World War II delay the project until the • Boonville novelist Walter D. Edmonds publishes Drums Along the Mohawk, • Municipal swimming pools are built in East and West Utica. Buckley Pool • A new museum, now known as The Fenimore Art Museum, moves to • The Savage Arms Company in Utica receives a $27 million order from the This plant produced hotel wares such as patterned dining sets. Weldon Johnson is published by the New York office of Harcourt, Brace and • The “Charleston” (music and lyrics by James P. Johnson and Cecil Mack) makes • The Utica Automobile Club and the Automobile Club of Central New York of cracking down on cabarets. These restrictions are not repealed until 1988. • Duke Ellington is hired by the Cotton Club, an all-white Harlem nightclub. He 16mm KODACOLOR film. The Rochester, NY-based company stays in the Williams-Proctor Institute, which had been chartered in 1919. established. It quickly raises $80,000 to pay workers to do odd jobs throughout contemporary modernist architecture of Europe. This exhibition is co-curated by Memorial and has the steeple of Grace Church dismantled and rebuilt. considered a jazz master. 1970s and a replica of the old fort is dedicated on May 22, 1976. a novel about the Upper Mohawk Valley’s involvement in the American and Addison Miller Pools are still in use today. Cooperstown through the efforts of Stephen C. Clark Sr. Clark was a Department of War to manufacture Thompson submachine guns for the

105 12 pt 105 18 pt 105 24 pt 105 36 pt 200 105 48 pt Bell Labs, based in New York, develops a moving armature lateral cutting the city. Revolutionary War. It quickly sells 500,000 copies. 60 pt • Thomas R. Proctor, Utica’s great benefactor, dies on July 4th. Company. This begins the New Negro Movement (later referred to as the its Broadway debut in Runnin’ Wild at the New Colonial Theater. 105 merge to form the Automobile Club of Utica and Central New York. • will go on to develop one of the most distinctive styles in early jazz, combining forefront of motion picture technological development. • William Grant Still’s Symphony No. 1 Afro-American has its premier with the Philip Johnson (the architect of the MWPAI Museum of Art). • Clinton resident Elihu Root (Hamilton College class of 1864) dies on founding trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City as well Army as it prepares for the possibility of entering World War II.

105 12 pt 105 18 pt 105 24 pt 105 36 pt system for electrical recording on discs. Concurrently, they introduce the Victor The Martha Graham Center for Contemporary Dance is established in Manhattan, 204 105 48 pt Buffalo Central Terminal opens on June 22nd with a gala attended by 2,200 Utica grows with the annexation of land from New Hartford, which reaches 60 pt Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Howard Hanson. This is the Virgil Thomson’s Four Saints in Three Acts opens as the first opera with a black as a key figure in the founding of the Fenimore Art Museum, The Farmers’ • Harlem Renaissance). • elements of “sweet” dance bands, ragtime, stride, and other genres. 105 • • Nelson Rockefeller commissions Mexican artist Diego Rivera to create a mural for • • George Gershwin’s folk opera Porgy and Bess premiers on Broadway, mixing February 7 at the age of 91. He served as Secretary of War under President • Thornton Wilder’s Our Town opens on Broadway, telling the story of life in • Maria Williams Proctor pays for the refurbishing of Utica’s City Hall to from Prospect Street south to Sauquoit Creek. This area includes the site of the • Maria Williams Proctor presents Frederick T. Proctor Park, located at Culver • George Gershwin’s “Rhapsody in Blue” debuts at Aeolian Hall in New York Orthophonic Victrola “Credenza” model, an all-acoustic phonograph NY. Graham debuts her first independent concert later that year at the • W.C. Handy stages a landmark all-African-American concert at Carnegie Hall, people, making it the largest event in Buffalo at the time. The first train is an • The Chrysler Building opens in Manhattan and is the tallest building in the world first time that a major orchestra performs a black composer’s symphony, as well • Radio City Music Hall is constructed as part of the art deco Rockefeller the RCA Building. Rivera creates Man at the Crossroads, which favorably depicts cast presented on Broadway. Opera critics consider it shocking for flouting African-American music with techniques from American musical theater and • Thomas R. Proctor High School, in East Utica, opens for the first time with an William McKinley, Secretary of State under President Theodore Roosevelt, small-town America. Wilder’s minimalist staging and his honest depictions of Museum, and the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, all • Utica’s Adrean Terrace housing project on Armory Drive opens as a part

105 12 pt 105 12 pt 105 18 pt 105 18 pt 24 pt 105 105 24 pt 36 pt 105 105 36 pt 201 48 pt 105 without electronics. 205 105 48 pt enrollment of around 1,900 students. prevent its demolition. She does so again in both 1927 and 1932. . City as part of Paul Whiteman’s Experiment in Modern Music. 60 pt 48th Street Theater. Eastbound Empire State Express, departing at 2 p.m. for eleven months. as the first symphony to incorporate blues and jazz styles. Center project. St. Elizabeth Medical Center. • ”Texas” Guinan starts her career as a celebrated hostess in city nightclubs. Avenue and Rutger Street, to the city of Utica 105 • The Federal Radio Commission is formed to regulate the radio industry. one of the first concerts of its kind. 105 60 pt communist leaders. Rockefeller scraps the project and destroys the mural. many of the conventions of the genre. popular music. and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912. the middle-class make the play a key moment in American theater. located in Cooperstown, NY. of a federal project to replace substandard housing in the city.

1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940

• The National Prohibition Act (a.k.a. the Volstead Act) takes effect to • Insulin is discovered. Canadian scientists Frederick G. Banting and • British archaeologist Howard Carter discovers King Tutankhamen’s tomb • George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th earl of Carnarvon, • J. Edgar Hoover is appointed as head of the Bureau of Investigation • The “Monkey Trial” of John Scopes for teaching Darwin’s theory of • NBC (National Broadcasting Company, Inc.) is founded; it is the first • After a seven-year trial, Italian anarchists and immigrants Nicola Sacco and • Penicillin is discovered. Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers • On October 24, Black Thursday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets • Pluto is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ, • Hattie Caraway (Dem. AK) finishes out her husband’s Senate term after his • Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected as the 32nd President of the United States. • Congress passes the Cullen-Harrison Act, essentially ending Prohibition • The Indian Reorganization Act is made law in the hope of ending the • The Works Progress Administration (WPA) is established. This New Deal agency • Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell’s romantic story, set in the Confederate • The German dirigible Hindenburg bursts into flames while landing in New • A minimum wage is established in the United States. • World War II begins when Nazi Germany invades Poland on September 1st, • Rationing begins in the United Kingdom. enforce the Eighteenth Amendment, over the veto of President Charles H. Best, as well as Romanian physiologist Nicolas C. Paulescu, in the Valley of the Kings. patron and associate of Howard Carter, dies due to complications from (predecessor to the FBI, which was established in 1935). evolution in Dayton, TN, begins as a publicity stunt to help the town. permanent radio network in the United States. Bartolomeo Vanzetti are sentenced to death for the murders of F.A. Parmenter, the bacteria-killing properties of penicillium notatum, from which the antibiotic as investors rush to sell stocks following a market drop. Though a group of though its existence had been theorized since the late 19th century. death and then becomes the first elected female Senator. He enacts his New Deal to bring economic relief and policy revisions through by allowing beer to be brewed again at 4% alcohol by volume; forced assimilation of Native Americans and to promote the traditional employs millions in public works projects throughout the country. During the eight South during the American Civil War, is published. The novel wins the Pulitzer Jersey at the culmination of its second transatlantic flight, killing 36 people. causing France, Britain, and Canada to declare war in response. World and Woodrow Wilson. who was working separately, identify the hormone insulin in pancreatic a mosquito bite. This is seen by believers as evidence that the “Pharaoh’s The trial is taken to new heights by the media, which latches on to the the paymaster of a shoe factory, and his guard Alessandro Berardelli. Despite penicillin is derived. Years later, Australian pathologist Howard Flory and major banks and investment companies buys up stock in an attempt to stabilize legislation. hard liquor is still banned. cultures of tribal peoples. years in which it operates, the WPA employs approximately 8.5 million people. Prize the next year and is adapted to film in 1939. Orson Welles performs the radio drama War of the Worlds, based on the Winston Churchill becomes the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The airship, designed to use helium to remain airborne, is filled with • • extracts. Banting and Best isolate the hormone and work with Scottish • Fu’a¯d I becomes the first King of Egypt following Britain’s declaration of Curse” is real. • Vladimir Ilich Lenin, founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union evangelical religious groups involved, bringing the trial to national • Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, future Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom public demonstrations and protests on behalf of the defendants, whom many British biochemist Ernst Boris Chain purify this mold and develop the the market, the effort fails and the stock market crashes, contributing to the start • The Star-Spangled Banner is officially adopted as the American hydrogen instead due to restrictions on exports from the United States to 1898 novel of the same name by H.G. Wells, announcing an extraterrestrial • The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, is published. The novel depicts the • The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified, giving American women the physiologist J.J.R. Macleod and Canadian chemist James B. Collip to the former protectorate’s independence. and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, dies of a stroke on January 21st. attention. of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is born on April 26. believe are being unfairly persecuted due to their political beliefs, the usable drug. of the Great Depression. national anthem. • Amelia Earhart completes a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. • The Twenty-First Amendment is ratified, repealing the Eighteenth • The Dust Bowl drought begins in the Great Plains. • Alcoholics Anonymous is founded by William Wilson, a New York stockbroker, • Charlie Chaplin stars in Modern Times, which satirizes modern development Nazi Germany. attack on New Jersey. impact of the Oklahoma Dust Bowl and the hardships suffered by migrant • The German Blitzkrieg overwhelms France, Belgium, and Holland. National Events right to vote. purify and extract it, paving the way for its use in medical treatments. • The Teapot Dome Scandal mars the administration of President Warren G. execution takes place on August 23rd. Amendment and officially ending Prohibition. This leads to a rise in clubs, and Dr. Robert Smith, an Akron, OH, surgeon. They strive to use their own through a worker’s struggle with the technology that he must operate in a agricultural workers. • Mahatma Ghandi is arrested and tried for sedition due to his nonviolent Harding. The scandal starts when the Secretary of the Interior is found to be • The Great Gatsby, often regarded as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s seminal work, • The German Weimar Republic is granted membership in the League of Nations. • Chiang Kai-shek becomes the head of the Nationalist government in China. • Ernest Hemingway’s semi-autobiographical novel, A Farewell to Arms, is • Dracula, the iconic American horror film starring Bela Lugosi, is released. juke joints, and honky tonks, many of which feature live music or jukeboxes. experience with alcoholism to help others undergoing the same challenge. factory. This is widely regarded as the last great silent film, though Chaplin • Pablo Picasso paints Guernica, which is displayed at the Paris International • Beginning on the night of November 9th, German Nazis commence • The U.K., France and Canada are among the first members of the • White Castle opens in Wichita, Kansas. The original fast food noncooperation movement in India. He will serve two of the six years to secretly leasing the Teapot Dome reserve in Wyoming and other reserves to is published in April, giving generations to come a window into the • Charles Lindbergh makes the first trans-Atlantic flight, taking off from Roosevelt published. His unromanticized and truthful description of war establishes had reluctantly added music and sound effects. Exhibition. It depicts the impact of Nazi bombings on the Basque town of Kristallnacht (named for the broken glass littering the streets after the pogroms), • The German transatlantic liner St. Louis leaves Hamburg, Germany, for Havana, League of Nations. restaurant sells its small hamburger with onions and a pickle, called a which he is sentenced. large oil companies in exchange for large sums of money. This causes deep opulent, vibrant, and dramatic world of New York socialites. Field, Long Island, NY, and landing at Le Bourget Field near Paris. The flight • Mickey Mouse makes his first appearance in Walt Disney’sSteamboat Willie. Hemingway as the voice of “The Lost Generation.” • King Kong (starring Fay Wray, Robert Armstrong, and Bruce Cabot) is Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, which many view as a precursor to during which more than 1,000 synagogues are burned or damaged. Nazis Cuba, carrying 937 passengers, almost all of whom are Jewish refugees from German Junkers Ju 87 “Stuka” dive-bomber, “Slider,” for 5¢. mistrust of Harding’s government and leads to Secretary Albert Fall takes 33.5 hours and spans more than 3,600 miles. released by RKO Radio Pictures. World War II. vandalize Jewish businesses, hospitals, schools, cemeteries, and homes and at Nazi Germany and other eastern European nations. Most are denied entry into used by the German Luftwaffe from 1937 to 1945 UPI/Bettmann Archive • Edith Wharton publishes The Age of Innocence, in which she examines • F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and the Damned is published. becoming the first former Congressman to be sent to prison. • Bessie Smith, accompanied by Louis Armstrong, records “St. Louis Blues,” • Fats Waller’s “Ain’t Misbehavin’” is a popular single and is recorded by Louis Bela Lugosi and Helen Chandler in Dracula Charlie Chaplin least 91 Jews are killed. Cuba and the rest are returned to Europe, where they are taken in by Great 105 12 pt 105 18 pt 105 24 pt 105 36 pt 48 pt © Roy Export Company Establishment; 202 105 60 pt AF Archive/Alamy Stock Photo the society of wealthy New Yorkers during the late 19th century. an iconic blues song composed by W.C. Handy. 105 • The Jazz Singer premiers at the Warner Theater and is the first motion picture Armstrong and His Orchestra with Okeh Records. Waller is the first jazz artist to • Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. WPA Posters • The Golden Gate Bridge is completed, spanning 4,200 feet, and connecting Britain (288 passengers), the Netherlands (181 passengers), Belgium (214 photograph, the Museum of Modern Art/Film Stills with recorded sound, setting a precedent for adding musical performers in films. become proficient at both the pipe organ and Hammond organ. Library of Congress San Francisco to Marin County. For 27 years after it is built, the suspension passengers), and France (224 passengers), though almost half of them die in Archive, New York City • After its revival in 1915, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) holds several public Penicillium culture bridge holds the world record for the longest main span in the world. War of the Worlds broadcast the Holocaust. Nigel Cattlin/Alamy Stock Photo events, including a public parade along Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington • The Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre occurs; it is the deadly breaking point in Howard Carter and George Herbert, 5th Earl of D.C. on August 18th. During the 1920s, the hate group’s national the rivalry between the Irish and Italian organized crime gangs in Chicago. • Japanese military forces invade China in the Sino-Japanese War, often Carnarvon, discovering Tutankhamen’s tomb. membership exceeds four million people. Members of Al Capone’s men, disguised as police officers, gun down members Prohibition is repealed December 5, 1933 considered the initial conflict of World War II in Asia. World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo 5¢ sliders Gandhi of George “Bugs” Moran’s operation. gandhiserve.org

Ku Klux Klan members parading along Pennsylvania The airship Hindenburg over the Olympic Ave. in Washington, D.C., Aug. 18, 1925 Pluto stadium in Berlin, Germany, August, 1936 MPI/Hulton Archive/Getty Images NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute Dorothea Lange, Abandoned Farm in the In the decades since his death, millions continue to visit Lenin’s tomb Dustbowl, Coldwater District, near Dalhart, Politics and Economics ITAR-TASS Photo Agency/Alamy Stock Photo Texas, 1938 World War II, German troops parade through Warsaw, Poland, September 1939 The Metropolitan Museum of Art U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

Arts and Culture Amelia Earhart Dive Bomber Junkers JU 87 in flight Library of Congress Opitz, German Federal Archives

Science The official opening of the League of Nations, Geneva, November 15, 1920 The National Library of Norway Original cover art by Cleonike Damianakes Arkansas State University Hemingway-Pfeiffer General Charles Lindbergh and the Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis in St. Louis, Missouri National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution Museum and Educational Center

The Genii of Intolerance – Dorothea Lange, Alabama Plow Girl, near Eutaw, Regional Timeline events provided by Frank Tomaino A Dangerous Ally for the Cause of Women Suffrage. Original cover art by Francis Coradal-Cugat Alabama, 1936 Original cover art by Elmer Hader Oscar Edward Cesare, Puck, 1915 The New York Times Chiang Kai-shek Music events provided by Monk Rowe Library of Congress Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo/Alamy Stock Photo The Metropolitan Museum of Art Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.

The Great Depression: 1929– (ends gradually as World War II necessitates increased production) The Great Depression: 1929– (ends gradually as World War II necessitates increased production) The Great Depression: 1929– (ends gradually as World War II necessitates increased production)

Multi-Year Events The Eighteenth Amendment is in effect, forbidding the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors, beginning the era known as Prohibition 1920–1933 The Eighteenth Amendment is in effect, forbidding the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors, beginning the era known as Prohibition 1920–1933 The Eighteenth Amendment is in effect, forbidding the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors, beginning the era known as Prohibition 1920–1933

The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939 The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939