Derecho Deportivo Del Trabajo (Masculino, Femenino Y Mixto)

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Derecho Deportivo Del Trabajo (Masculino, Femenino Y Mixto) Estudios comparatistas sobre Derecho deportivo del Trabajo (masculino, femenino y mixto) Coordinadores: Iván Vizcaíno Ramos Rosa María Rodríguez Martín-Retortillo Autores: Alberto Arufe Varela Profesor Titular de Derecho del Trabajo de la Universidad de A Coruña Jesús Martínez Girón Catedrático de Derecho del Trabajo de la Universidad de A Coruña Rosa María Rodríguez Martín-Retortillo Licenciada y Graduada en Derecho. Becaria FPU del Área de Derecho del Trabajo de la Unviersidad de A Coruña Iván Vizcaíno Ramos Doctor en Derecho. Profesor de Derecho Sindical de la Escuela Universitaria de Relaciones Laborales de A Coruña INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA ASOCIACIÓN CORUÑESA DE DERECHO COMPARADO DEL TRABAJO Y DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL ESTUdiOS COMParatiStaS SOBre DereCHO dePOrtivO deL TraBajO (maSCULINO, FemeNINO Y miXTO) Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra. No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su tratamiento informático, ni la transmisión de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, por fotocopia, por registro u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y por escrito de los titulares del Copyright. DerecHOS reserVadOS 2010, respecto a la primera edición en español, por © Netbiblo, S. L. NetbIblO, S. L. C/. Rafael Alberti, 6 bajo izq. Sta. Cristina 15172 Oleiros (La Coruña) – Spain Tlf: +34 981 91 55 00 • Fax: +34 981 91 55 11 www.netbiblo.com [email protected] Miembro del Foro Europeo de Editores ISBN: 978-84-9745-555-8 Depósito Legal: C-2451-2010 Directora Editorial: Cristina Seco López Editora: Lorena Bello Producción Editorial: Gesbiblo, S. L. La ilustración de la portada es obra de David Casado Bravo Impreso en España – Printed in Spain Publicación editada con la cobertura económica de las “Ayudas para la consolidación y estructuración de unidades de investigación competitivas del sistema gallego de I+D+I del año 2009” (Orden de la Consellería de Economía e Industria de la Xunta de Galicia, de 2 junio 2009 [Diario Oficial de Galicia de 12 junio 2009]), referencia INCITE09ENA101006ES. PRÓLOGO Desde los tiempos un poco distantes ya en que me doctoré en Derecho (con una tesis sobre las relaciones laborales en el deporte profesional), siempre me fascinó y to- davía continúa fascinándome el Derecho deportivo del Trabajo. Porque el hecho social a que se refiere moviliza espontáneamente masas, siendo incluso capaz de parar —sin protestas de nadie— el funcionamiento regular de todo un país. Porque los protagonis- tas de ese mismo hecho social tienden a ser considerados como paradigmas o modelos —quizá héroes, tomando esta palabra en su sentido griego más clásico—, que todos insensiblemente tendemos de algún modo a imitar (sobre todo como aficionados o amateurs, se tenga la edad que se tenga). Porque el hecho en cuestión aparenta estar en crisis (demostrando tener, eso sí, una mala salud de hierro), pero generando siempre a su alrededor sectores y más sectores económicos pujantes (y en consecuencia, yacimien- tos de empleo aparentemente inagotables). Porque, en cuanto hecho social que implica organización jerarquizada, la cúspide de dicha jerarquía (sin ostentar «soberanía» de ningún tipo) puede tratarse de tú a tú con sujetos verdaderamente «soberanos», en los planos estatal y supranacional. Y porque, mirando ya la concreta disciplina universita- ria que profeso, imagino el futuro del Derecho deportivo del Trabajo como una especie excitante de «Derecho del Trabajo al revés», en el que la competencia económica leal entre clubes —como saben bien los especialistas norteamericanos— necesariamente modulará las condiciones de empleo y de trabajo de los deportistas profesionales. Por todo ello, me complace mucho prologar esta obra de Iván VIZCAÍNO RAMOS y de Rosa Mª RODRÍGUEZ MARTÍN-RETORTILLO, pero también de los queridos colegas coruñeses Alberto ARUFE VARELA y Jesús MARTÍNEZ GIRÓN, titulada «Estudios comparatistas sobre Derecho deportivo del Trabajo». Estos «Estudios» son ocho, repartidos a partes iguales entre los cuatro autores de los mismos, recién citados (en consecuencia, si es que Rosa Mª me permite la expresión, dos estudios por barba). Llamo la atención del lector acerca del hecho de que los ocho trabajos (agrupados en tres partes, que matizan el título genérico de la obra, adje- tivando de «masculino, femenino y mixto» el Derecho deportivo del Trabajo) vayan precedidos de una «Presentación», que firman los Profesores MARTÍNEZ GIRÓN y ARUFE VARELA. Las reflexiones y afirmaciones contenidas en ella —excluidas, por iii iv PRÓLOGO supuesto, todas las relativas a mí— alimentan la fascinación que objetivamente cabe sentir ante el Derecho deportivo del Trabajo, y ante su tratamiento por Parlamentos, Gobiernos y Jueces de aquí y de allí. En ella, se desvelan «las cinco estructuras —cua- tro verticales y una horizontal— sobre las que el libro está montado» [las verticales, construidas siempre sobre materiales jurídicos extranjeros, se refieren a «la distinción entre deporte semiprofesional y deporte profesional», a «la distinción entre deporte profesional autónomo (o por cuenta propia) y deporte profesional por cuenta ajena», a «la negociación colectiva en el mundo del deporte profesional por cuenta ajena», y al «“trabajo negro” en el deporte profesional por cuenta ajena», teniendo en cuenta que «tiene el carácter de estructura basilar horizontal, que actúa como punto de co- nexión de las otras cuatro verticales recién aludidas, permitiendo ... dar un corte limpio transversal a todo cuanto se trata en el libro, el hilo conductor del género»]. Pero en la «Presentación» se desvelan, además, las razones por las cuales Iván VIZCAÍNO RAMOS y Rosa Mª RODRÍGUEZ MARTÍN-RETORTILLO —a quienes no conozco personalmente todavía— figuran, con todo merecimiento, como «coordinadores» de esta obra de centenar y medio de páginas, llamada a hacerse su hueco en el panorama de nuestra pujante literatura científica relativa a un sector del Derecho del Trabajo con perfil propio, y que con objetividad considero hiper-especializado (esto es, especiali- zado más al cubo que meramente al cuadrado). El esfuerzo comparatista realizado por los cuatro colegas coruñeses lo realza —para mí, una novedad muy destacable, aunque en la línea de los trabajos que última- mente publican, al amparo de su Instituto de Investigación de Derecho comparado del Trabajo— el hecho de que los cuatro firmantes de los trabajos creen documentación, a leer en castellano con toda comodidad, para que cada cual pueda luego extraer sus propias conclusiones sobre los temas que en dicha documentación jurídica aparecen tratados. En este sentido, ARUFE VARELA traduce la Sentencia clásica alemana sobre futbolistas con contrato de amateur, VIZCAÍNO RAMOS una muy interesante y muy reciente Sentencia de la Corte de Casación parisina sobre la naturaleza jurídica de la Carta del fútbol profesional francés, RODRÍGUEZ MARTÍN-RETORTILLO la Ley italiana reguladora del deporte profesional (tan contrastante con nuestro Real Decreto 1006/1985), y MARTÍNEZ GIRÓN una Sentencia yanqui sobre las interioridades (por no decir intimidades) del deporte semiprofesional femenino universitario. Creo que el conjunto —obediente a unas pautas formales claras, primorosamente conjuntadas por los dos «coordinadores» citados— se lee de un tirón. Aparte de agradecerles el honor que me hacen invitándome a prologarles, les felicito efusivamente no sólo por lo que ya han hecho, sino también por lo que piensan seguir haciendo en el futuro (anuncian una segunda entrega de «Estudios» de este mismo carácter), para explotar lo que califican como «filón inagotable de temas sugerentes, y sorprendentes, sobre Derecho deportivo comparado del Trabajo (y también, de la seguridad social)». Miguel Cardenal Carro Badajoz, junio de 2010 ÍNDICE GENERAL PRESENTACIÓN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 PARTE PRIMERA DERECHO DEPORTIVO DEL TRABAJO MASCULINO CAPÍTULO PRIMERO LA DISTINCIÓN ENTRE FUTBOLISTAS PROFESIONALES Y AFICIONADOS EN ALEMANIA. A PROPÓSITO DE LA SENTENCIA «CLÁSICA» DEL TRIBUNAL FEDERAL DE TRABAJO DE 10 DE MAYO DE 1990, SOBRE FUTBOLISTAS CON CONTRATO DE AMATEUR .................................................................................................................. 11 Sumario: I. Aproximación formal a la Sentencia del Tribunal Federal de Trabajo de 10 mayo 1990. II. La dependencia personal como factor distintivo clave entre futbolistas profesionales y futbolistas con contrato de amateur. III. Análisis comparado con la doctrina unificada por la Sentencia de la Sala de lo Social de nuestro Tribunal Supremo de 2 abril 2009. Apéndice documental. CAPÍTULO SEGUNDO ¿ES UN CONVENIO COLECTIVO LA «CARTA» DEL FÚTBOL PROFESIONAL FRANCÉS? A PROPÓSITO DE LA SENTENCIA DE LA SALA DE LO SOCIAL DE LA CORTE DE CASACIÓN DE 9 DE JULIO DE 2008 ............................................................... 37 Sumario: I. Liga Profesional y Federación, ¿quién negocia colectivamente por el lado patronal en el fútbol? II. La sorprendente «Carta» del Fútbol Profesional francés. III. La naturaleza de esta «Carta», según la Corte de Casación francesa. Apéndice documental. v vi Índice general CAPÍTULO
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