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Reproductive Systems Reproductive Systems Slide 2.1 FemaleFemale ReproductiveReproductive SystemSystem • Ovaries • Duct System • Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) • Uterus • Vagina • External genitalia (Vulva) Slide 16.21a FemaleFemale ReproductiveReproductive SystemSystem Figure 16.8a Slide 16.21b OvariesOvaries • Homologous to testes • Contain ovarian follicles • Follicle structure • Oocyte • Follicular cells Figure 16.7 Slide 16.22 OvarianOvarian CycleCycle StagesStages • Primary follicle •contains an immature oocyte • Graafian (vesicular) follicle •contains a maturing oocyte Slide 16.23 OvariesOvaries Primary Oocyte Graafian Figure 16.7 follicle Slide 16.22 OvarianOvarian CycleCycle StagesStages • Ovulation • Releases oocyte from ovary • Occurs about every 28 days (on “day 14”) • Corpus luteum: • Remnants of ruptured follicle • Secretes progesterone and estrogen Slide 16.23 OvariesOvaries Corpus Luteum Figure 16.7 Slide 16.22 SupportSupport forfor OvariesOvaries • Suspensory ligaments – to lateral walls of the pelvis • Ovarian ligaments – to uterus • Broad ligament •A fold of peritoneum •Drapes over reproductive organs Slide 16.24a SupportSupport forfor OvariesOvaries Figure 16.8b Slide 16.24b UterineUterine (Fallopian)(Fallopian) TubesTubes • Homologous to vas deferens • Receive the ovulated oocyte • Provide a site for fertilization • Extensions of uterus • Do not physically attach to ovary • Suspended by broad ligament Slide 16.25 UterineUterine TubeTube • Fimbriae – finger-like projections at distal end • Infundibulum: flared end of tube • Ampulla: long, wide portion • Isthmus: narrow, attach to uterus • Intramural portion: through uterine wall Slide 16.26 SupportSupport forfor thethe UterusUterus Figure 16.8b Slide 16.28b UterineUterine TubeTube • Cilia: •Iine walls of tubes •move oocyte towards uterus (takes 3–4 days) • Functions: • Site of fertilization • Move ovum toward uterus Slide 16.26 UterusUterus • Between urinary bladder and rectum • Hollow, muscular organ • Homologous to prostate gland • Functions to: • Receive • Retain fertilized egg • Nourish Slide 16.27 SupportSupport forfor thethe UterusUterus • Broad ligament – attached to the pelvic wall • Round ligaments – anchor anteriorly to labia majora • Uterosacral ligaments – anchor posteriorly to sacrum Slide 16.28a SupportSupport forfor thethe UterusUterus Figure 16.8b Slide 16.28b RegionsRegions ofof thethe UterusUterus • Body – main portion • Fundus – area where uterine tubes enter • Cervix – narrow outlet •protrudes into the vagina Slide 16.29 WallsWalls ofof thethe UterusUterus • Endometrium • Inner layer • Allows for implantation of fertilized egg • Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs • During menses Slide 16.30 WallsWalls ofof thethe UterusUterus • Myometrium •Middle layer of smooth muscle •Thick •Oxytocin stimulates contraction • Perimetrium – outer layer •Visceral peritoneum Slide 16.30 StructuresStructures ofof thethe UterusUterus Figure 16.8b Slide 16.28b VaginaVagina • Extends from cervix to exterior of body • Posterior to urethra, anterior to rectum • Serves as the birth canal • Receives the penis during sexual intercourse • Hymen – mucous membrane over entry Slide 16.31 FemaleFemale ReproductiveReproductive SystemSystem Figure 16.8a Slide 16.21b ExternalExternal GenitaliaGenitalia (Vulva)(Vulva) • Mons pubis • Fatty area overlying pubic symphysis • Covered with pubic hair after puberty Figure 16.9 Slide 16.32a ExternalExternal GenitaliaGenitalia (Vulva)(Vulva) • Labia –skin folds • Labia majora • Homologous to scrotum • Labia minora Figure 16.9 Slide 16.32b ExternalExternal GenitaliaGenitalia • Vestibule: potential space between labia • Enclosed by labia majora • Contains openings • urethra • vagina • vestibular glands Slide 16.33 ExternalExternal GenitaliaGenitalia • Clitoris • Contains erectile tissue • Homologous to penis • One function: sexual pleasure ☺ Slide 16.33 Oogenesis:Oogenesis: FYIFYI • The total supply of eggs is present at birth (~400,000) • Ova mature, are released at puberty • Reproductive ability ends at menopause • Oocytes mature in developing follicles Slide 16.34 Oogenesis:Oogenesis: FYIFYI • Oogonia (stem cells) •undergo mitosis •produce primary oocytes •Surrounded by future follicle cells •In fetus only Slide 16.35 Oogenesis:Oogenesis: FYIFYI • Primary oocytes are inactive until puberty • FSH causes primary follicles to mature • Meiosis starts inside maturing follicle • Produces a secondary oocyte and first polar body • Meiosis is completed only if ovum is fertilized Slide 16.36 Oogenesis:Oogenesis: FYIFYI Figure 16.10 Slide 16.37.
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