Global Anti-Vice Activism, 1890–1950: Fighting Drinks, Drugs, and “Immorality” Jessica R

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10266-8 - Global Anti-Vice Activism, 1890–1950: Fighting Drinks, Drugs, and “Immorality” Jessica R. Pliley, Robert Kramm and Harald Fischer-Tiné Index More information

Index

abolition 9 , 193 , 251 , 255 – 56 , 318 alcoholism 6 , 10 – 12 , 124 – 27 , 129 – 30 , 133 – 34 , abolitionism 222 , 225 , 258 136 – 37 , 139 , 144 , 154 , 182 – 83 , 194 , absinthe 315 315 , 317 Acheson, Dean 293 Auguste Forel's views on 10 Adam, Th omas 112 degeneration through 133 , 142 Adams, Brooks 40 eugenicist views on 125 Adams, Samuel Hopkins 85 onanism, relation to 132 Addams, Jane 226 Aldred, Guy 58 , 319 Adventist Church 208 Alianza Libre de Humo Argentina 212 age of consent 33 Allen, Robert W. 303 – 4 Agreement for the Suppression of the White American Cancer Society 211 – 12 , 215 Slave Traffi c (1904) 223 American Heart Association 212 , 215 Ajasa, Kitoyi 117 American Lung Association 212 Akootai 247 – 49 , 253 , 265 American Medical Association 81 , 86 – 87 a l c o h o l 2 , 4 – 5 , 7 , 1 0 , 1 2 – 1 6 , 1 8 – 1 9 , 5 8 , 7 7 , 8 4 , American moral reformers 152 , 154 – 55 86 , 104 , 106 – 7 , 109 , 112 – 16 , 119 , 124 – 25 , American Native Races Deputation 157 129 – 31 , 133 – 34 , 136 , 139 , 141 , 144 , American Purity Alliance 154 , 230 157 – 59 , 180 – 81 , 188 , 320 , 322 American Vigilance Association 230 abstinence from 14 , 58 , 75 , 77 , 297 – 98 anarchism 62 abuse 1 , 5 , 11 , 111 – 15 , 117 – 18 , 125 Anderson, Herbert 249 – 51 , 253 – 57 , 265 addiction 183 , 192 Andreev, Iv. P. 130 advertisement 209 , 320 Andrew, Elizabeth Wheeler 3 , 156 Auguste Forel's views on 10 – 11 Andrews, C.F. 8 degeneration through 11 , 103 – 4 , 111 – 13 , Anglo-Boer War 83 133 – 34 , 136 – 37 , 139 – 42 anti-communism 302 discourse on 11 , 13 , 116 , 118 Anti-Nicotine League 58 imported 119 Anti-Saloon League 13 , 154 , 157 – 58 laws 117 , 157 anti-Semitism 184 , 190 local 114 anti-smoking 58 , 203 , 207 , 209 – 15 , 319 Mohandas K. Gandhi's views on 6 – 9 anti-statism 55 prohibition 6 , 9 , 117 , 188 , 313 , 318 , 321 – 22 anti-tobacco 208 , 211 , 213 , 215 regulation 112 , 120 , 191 anti-traffi cking organizations 275 Southern Nigeria 105 archives 19 , 166 , 246 – 48 , 253 , 255 , 259 – 60 , taxation 107 , 157 265 , 265n2 trade 104 , 108 – 9 Argentine Anti-Smoking Union 211 West Africa 18 , 103 Argentine League against Cancer 208

325

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10266-8 - Global Anti-Vice Activism, 1890–1950: Fighting Drinks, Drugs, and “Immorality” Jessica R. Pliley, Robert Kramm and Harald Fischer-Tiné Index More information

326 Index

Armor, Mary Harris 164 Brussels Agreement (1924) 165 Aronovich, Gedalii D. 187 – 88 , 193 Brussels Conference (1889–90) 157 art nouveau 55 Brussels Convention ashram 6 , 64 , 75 , 257 – 58 (1890) 104 , 158 Asociación Argentina de Tabacología 212 (1906) 157 Association for Moral and Social Hygiene Bulgarian Society for Eugenics 135 255 , 257 – 58 Bulgarian Society for Hygiene and Preventive Ayurveda 82 Medicine 135 Bulgarian Society for Racial Hygiene 135 Band of Hope 13 , 58 Bulgarian Temperance Federation 136 Banerjea, Surendranath 85 Bureau of Investigation 221 – 24 , 228 – 32 , 235 , Baptist Missionary Society 249 237 – 38 , 238n3 , 244n81 , 244n85 , see also Beiderlinden, W.A. 295 White Slave Division, Federal Bureau of Beijing Police Academy 274 Investigation Bengal Presidency Council of Women 257 Burgess, William 225 Bielaski, A. Bruce 229 , 236 Burilkov, Dimo 136 – 37 Bill for an Ordinance Relating to Venereal Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 87 , 89 Disease 166 Burroughs, Silas 87 biopolitics 19 B u s h n e l l , K a t e 1 , 4 – 5 , 1 2 – 1 3 , 1 5 , 1 8 – 1 9 Blackpool colony 56 anti-vice movement, relations with 4 Blaricum community 65 , see also Broederschap in China 3 – 4 Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco in India 3 , 156 Use 211 in Japan 3 Bloomberg Philanthropies 215 Mohandas K. Gandhi, relations Blue Cross 10 with 5 , 7 , 10 Blue Nude 4 5 slavery rhetoric 3 Boas, Franz 142 Wisconsin lumber camps, investigation of 2 Boise, Blanche 318 Butler, Josephine 222 Bomanji, Dhanjiboy 80 Bombay Presidency Women’s Council Calcutta Vigilance Association 255 – 56 Home 256 Calcutta Vigilance Committee 249 Bombay Vigilance Association 256 – 57 Cameron, Donald 161 Bombay’s Children Aid Society 257 Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids 212 Bonaparte, Charles J. 228 Cannon, James 158 Borba s Alkoolizma 124 – 25 , 129 – 30 , 136 – 37 , Carpenter, Edward 39 – 40 , 64 , 79 , 82 138f6.1 , 140 , 141f6.2 , 144n2 , 147n32 , Center for Disease Control 211 147n34 , 147n35 , 147n36 , 147n38 , 147n40 , Chalmers, Sir Mackenzie 108 , 160 147n42 , 147n43 , 150n78 , 150n85 , 151n86 , Chamberlin, Alton 290 – 91 , 298 , 306 151n92 , 151n93 , 151n94 , 317 Chant, Laura Ormiston 37 Borges, Jorge Luis 205 Chau Pucho Club 208 Brent, Charles Henry 318 Cherrington, Ernest H. 158 Brewster, Sidney 322 child marriage 261 , 275 British American Tobacco 206 Chinese Communist Party 285 British Medical Association 85 Church of England Purity Society 33 British navy 2 , 273 civil society 10 , 16 – 17 , 55 , 211 , 256 British West Africa 106 , 116 , 152 , 158 – 60 , 162 , activists 12 – 16 , 211 166 – 68 , 170t7.1 , 172 colonial 250 British Women’s Temperance Association 156 global 16 , 20 Broederschap 58 , see also Blaricum initiatives 207 community networks 257 Brotherhood Church colony 66 organizations 5 , 12 , 15 , 230

Index 327

Civil War dress reform 55 , 57 , 65 , 75 Russian 183 , 186 , 193 drug abuse 125 , 179 – 80 , 183 , 185 , 187 – 88 , 322 US 154 , 186 drug addiction 180 – 95 , 317 civilizing mission 55 , 105 , 153 , 156 causes of 185 – 89 , 194 , 322 Clarke, Allen 56 criminological constructions of 18 , 179 Coalition for the Ratifi cation of the World history of 180 – 81 Health Organization Framework as a Jewish problem 179 , 184 , 190 Convention on Tobacco Control 212 medical constructions of 18 , 179 Coca-Cola 86 origins of 184 – 85 cocaine 11 , 180 – 81 , 188 , 322 scientifi c perceptions of 181 abuse 184 , 190 as a social problem 179 – 81 , 183 – 85 addicts 187 , 190 – 91 Du Maurier, Daphne 62 and crime 189 , 322 as medication 181 Eighteenth Amendment 164 sniffi ng 187 , 193 Esperanto 65 , 143 coff ee 77 , 94n16 , 95n17 , 180 – 82 , 197n9 , 207 eugenics 10 – 11 , 13 , 35 , 38 , 75 , 83 , Cold War 292 – 93 , 298 , 302 , 306 , 321 111 , 117 , 126 , 129 , 132 – 34 , 136 , Cole-Hamilton, J. 168 139 , 143 – 44 Colonial Offi ce 104 , 106 , 111 , 116 , 160 , Bulgaria 18 , 124 – 26 , 135 , 142 165 , 169 Germany 132 comfort stations 284 Latin America 132 comfort women 295 Nazi Germany 132 , 143 communism 56 , 187 , 193 , 292 , 320 negative 126 , 135 , 143 – 44 Comstock laws 67 , see also obscenity Poland 132 Confucianism 276 , 283 positive 135 Congress of Berlin (1884) 157 socialist 191 Contagious Disease Acts 2 E v a n s , M i k e 9 2 Convention People’s Party 153 Exner, M.J. 166 Coote, William 33 Cortázar, Julio 205 Fabian Society 133 Cowan, A.A. 110 Fairhope settlement 61 Craft s, Wilbur 154 , 157 , 318 Fang, Duan 281 cranks 56 – 57 , 68n12 , 74 – 78 , 89 , 91 , 319 , 321 fascism 36 , 132 crime 80 , 96n30 , 107 , 115 , 118 – 19 , 125 – 26 , Fauvism 43 141 , 160 , 163 – 64 , 182 , 189 , 229 , 238 , 247 , Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 221 , 253 , 281 , 316 , 322 see also Bureau of Investigation Criminal Law Amendment Act 33 feminism 5 , 10 , 55 , 130 Crittenton, Charles 280 Finch, Stanley W. 228 – 33 , 235 – 38 Crowther, Archdeacon 114 Fiorani-Gallotta, Pier Luigi 137 Currie, John 113 Florence Crittenton Homes 280 Cutler, Jay 91 Food and Drug Act (1906) 86 Czolgosz, Leon 67 footbinding 275 Forel, Auguste 10 – 11 , 13 , 15 – 16 , 18 , 129 – 30 , Davis, Katharine 257 133 – 34 , 136 – 37 Defense of the Realm Regulation (1918) 166 Fortier, François-Edmond 42 , 44f2.2 Department of Justice 228 , 230 , 231t10.1 Foucault, Michel 14 Derain, André 43 , 48 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Desmond, Olga 36 210 , 212 , 214 , 216 , 319 dietary reform 58 Franco-Prussian War 184 , 186 domino theory of vice 7 , 11 Fränkel, Fritz 184 – 85 Door of Hope Mission 281 free love 55 , 62 , 71n57 , 318

328 Index

Fundación Inter Americana del Corazón Health and Strength League 38 Argentina 212 Health Canada 212 Futer, David S. 192 Healthy and Artistic Dress Union 61 Heart and Stroke Foundation of gambling 7 , 13 , 78 , 276 , 313 , 318 Canada 212 G a n d h i , M o h a n d a s K . 5 – 6 , 9 , 1 2 , 1 4 – 1 5 , 6 4 , Herbert, John Rogers 34 82 , 313 , 319 hereditary 132 , 134 – 36 , 139 – 40 , 143 – 44 , alcoholism, views on 6 151n87 , 267n22 , 316 anti-Westernism 7 – 8 heroin 181 ashrams 75 Herrera, Carlos Alvarez 211 domino theory of vice 7 Hesse, Erich 317 industrial civilization, critique of 6 – 7 Hind Swaraj 7 Kate Bushnell, relations with 5 , 7 Hindu Women’s Rescue Home 256 prostitution, views on 8 , 18 , 253 Hinduism 28n84 , 261 t e m p e r a n c e c a m p a i g n s 7 – 8 Hocking, Salome 61 women, views on 6 Hodge, John R. 292 , 304 gangster 163 – 64 Holocaust 143 Garrison, William Lloyd 156 Home Colony 67 Gastev, Aleksei K. 191 homosexuality 40 , 189 Gauguin, Paul 43 , 45 , 47 Hornaday, W.T. 156 geisha 295 Hornibrook, Fred 38 General Council of Health Education 169 Howard, Ebenezer 65 General Medical Council 89 Gernet, Mikhail N. 190 , 192 – 93 immigration 223 , 226 , 314 , 322 Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses , law 226 – 28 see Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Immigration Bureau 221 , 226 – 28 , 237 Diseased Off s p r i n g Immigration Commission 228 Gibbs, Philip 40 Independent Labour Party 57 gin 103 – 4 , 106 – 7 , 110 , 113 – 15 , I n d i a n N a t i o n a l C o n g r e s s 7 – 8 118 – 19 , 158 – 65 , 171 , 173 , 176n42 , Instituto de Medicina Experimental 208 176n48 , 177n70 , 178n99 , 314 Inter-American Heart Foundation 212 global community 12 , 15 – 16 International Abolitionist Federation 222 G o ff , Guy 236 International Agreement for the Suppression Golant, Raisa 179 , 185 – 86 , 189 of the White Slave Traffi c (1904) 275 Gold Coast 106t5.1 , 119 – 20 , 123n78 , 153 , International Association for Labor 158 – 62 , 164 – 65 , 167 – 69 , 170t7.1 , 170 – 73 , Legislation 315 176n46 , 176n47 , 176n48 , 176n49 , 176n50 , International Bureau for the Suppression of the 176n56 , 177n63 , 177n70 , 177n77 , Traffi c in Women 222 178n92 , 178n93 International Bureau for the Suppression of the gonorrhea 166 – 68 , 277 White Slave Traffi c 222 Gordon, James H. 300 International Congress against Gorovoi-Shaltan, Vladimir A. 188 Alcoholism 133 – 34 Graham, Sylvester 81 International Congress on Public Assistance Grotjahn, Alfred 128 , 133 and Private Charity 315 G u n b y , Th omas A. 304 International Congress on Social Guomindang 284 – 85 Insurance 315 Gupta, Charu 247 International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffi c in Women and Children Haeckel, Ernst 39 (1921) 223 Hallam, Wirt 224 International Convention for the Suppression Harriman, Job 319 of the Traffi c in Women of Full Age hashish 11 , 180 – 82 (1933) 256

Index 329

International Convention for the Suppression Les Demoiselles d’Avignon vii , 42f2.1 , of the White Slave Traffi c (1910) 223 , 275 41 – 43 , 45 , 47 International Council of Women 15 Liggett’s 206 International Establishment for the Healing Liquor Committee 108 , see also Native Races Art Without Drugs and Surgery 81 and Liquor Traffi c United Committee International Labour Offi ce 15 Liquor Licenses (Spirits) Amendment International Opium Conference 315 , 318 Ordinance 161 International Organization of Good Templars Liquor Trade inquiry (1909) 105 , 110 , 117 10 – 11 , 13 , 124 , 154 L i q u o r T r a ffi c Amendment Ordinance 161 International Reform Bureau 154 , 315 Liublinskii, Pavel I. 192 Iovchev, Nikolay 142 – 43 , 151n100 , 151n101 , Llano del Rio colony 60 – 61 , 66 – 67 , 70n36 151n98 , 151n99 local option 130 – 31 Iriye, Akira 15 lock hospital 2 – 3 , 233 , 273 – 74 , 279 Lockley, Philip 63 Jainism 6 Long, Walter 158 Japanese health system 300 – 2 Lorillard 206 jiliangsuo 271 , 278 – 82 , 288n45 , 289n49 Joël, Ernst 184 – 85 MacArthur, Douglas 292 Johnson, James 107 , 109 – 10 , 112 , 114 – 15 , 117 , Macaulay, Herbert 107 313 , 319 MacDonald, Ramsay 58 Jones, Melville 115 Macfadden, Bernarr 80 – 81 , 87 , 90 , 92n4 , 93n5 , 96n30 Kallenbach, Herman 6 , 9 madams 227 , 230 , 232 , 235 , 273 Kaweah colony 60 Magdalenes 280 Kellogg, J.H. 81 Maison du Bon Pasteur 280 Kingsley, Mary 112 Mani, M.S. 251 , 253 , 265 Konsulov, Stefan 125 – 26 , 135 , 139 , 142 – 44 , Mann Act (1910) xii , 21n6 , 223 , 229 – 31 , 145n6 236 – 38 , 238n1 , 239n11 , 239n7 , Kuhne, Louis 81 – 82 , 92n5 241n41 , 242n43 , 242n45 , 242n51 , 242n53 , 243n60 , see also White Slave La Cortesía de Elegir 213 Traffi c Act (1910) Ladies National Committee 222 marriage 4 , 62 , 71n55 , 133 , 135 , 155 , 169 , 191 , Lagos 107 – 8 , 114 , 117 , 159 – 60 257 , 260 – 63 , 275 , 278 , 280 – 81 , 316 brothels 166 masculinity 38 , 207 , 231 , 242n55 , 251 , 291 , racial segregation 117 297 , 303 , 306 Lagos Standard 103 , 116 , 119 , 120n1 , 120n2 , M a t a H a r i 3 6 121n17 , 122n61 , 123n77 Matisse, Henri vii , 45 , 45f2.3 land communes 18 , 53 – 54 , 56 , medical discourse 184 , 306 5 9 – 6 3 , 6 5 – 6 7 Mekhonoshin, Konstatin A. 191 Lane, William 59 Mendel, Gregor 134 Latin American Coordinating Coalition on mental illness 127 , 133 Tobacco Control 211 mesmerism 62 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Methodist Mission of Bangalore City 258 Diseased Off spring 126 Miles, Eustace 76 , 81 League of Mercy Shelter 256 military police 295 – 96 League of Nations 8 , 19 , 24n43 , 28n88 , 128 , Miner, Maude 226 223 , 247 , 255 , 258 , 261t11.1 , 265 , 266n4 , Ministry of Health 129 , 138 , 213 , 319 268n45 , 268n49 , 268n50 , 268n51 , 268n52 , Ministry of Police 275 268n54 , 287n28 , 321 Ministry of Public Health 208 Leavitt, Mary 157 Minor, Lazar 191 Lebensreform 6 , 18 , 36 , 49n8 , 54 , 68n8 , 93n6 Minton, William L. 304 – 5 , 312n60 Leistikow, Gertrud 36 modernism 7 , 41 , 43 , 46 – 47

330 Index

Monte Verità xv , 54 , 59 – 60 , 62 , 64 , 67 , 70n30 , obscenity 33 , 35 , 37 , 313 , 315 , 318 71n53 , 71n61 , 71n64 , 93n6 , 124 , 318 occultism 55 , 62 – 63 , 318 morals police 271 – 72 Oil Rivers Protectorate 159 morphine 11 , 181 – 82 , 185 – 86 , 188 – 90 opiates 82 , 180 – 81 , 322 Mukherji, Santosh Kumar 264 opium 3 – 5 , 7 – 8 , 11 , 15 , 19 , 24n43 , 111 , Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm 76 , see 156 , 181 – 82 , 188 , 194 , 197n11 , 276 , Eugen Sandow 314 – 15 , 318 dens 3 Nacktkultur 26n74 , 36 , 41 , 50n27 , 61 Mohandas K. Gandhi's views on 7 – 9 Naniwa, Kawashima 274 p r o d u c t i o n 8 National Missionary Council 249 trade 8 , 15 , 106 , 119 National Organization for the Reform of Orahovac, Peter 128 Marijuana Laws 322 Orwell, George 57 , 75 National Physical Recreation Society 38 National Program for Tobacco Control 213 pacifi sm 10 , 55 , 75 , 143 National Social Welfare League 236 Page Act (1875) 226 National Socialist Party 126 , 133 , 140 , 142 , see Pan American Health Organization 211 – 12 also Nazi Germany pan pan girls 295 National Vigilance Association 33 Pasteur Institute 128 nationalism 5 , 38 , 117 , 139 , 152 patent medicines 78 , 81 – 82 , 86f4.1 , 85 – 91 , Native Races and Liquor Traffi c United 98n69 , 99n94 Committee 104 , 157 , see also L i q u o r People’s Republic of China 270 , 285 Committee Perazzo, Diego 211 natural healing 18 , 68n11 , 74 , 80 – 82 , 84 , 91 – 92 Peronist era 205 Nazi Germany 132 , 142 – 44 , 148n50 , 207 , see Phillip Morris International 206 also National Socialist Party Phoenix settlement 64 Neichev, Haralampi 124 , 129 – 31 , 136 , 139 – 40 , physical culture 74 – 77 , 79 – 84 , 91 – 92 , 93n11 , 144 , 147n30 , 147n32 , 147n42 , 150n78 , 99n94 151n92 , 151n93 Physical Culture City 81 neurasthenia 83 – 84 , 97n50 , 136 Picasso, Pablo vii , 42f2.1 , 41 – 43 , 45 , 47 – 48 , new asceticism 75 51n42 , 51n43 , 51n46 New Australia 56 , 59 , 71n64 , 72n76 , 73n91 Pilheu, Jorge 211 New Man 191 Pillage, Mable 257 New Policies 273 – 74 pimps 169 , 225 – 27 , 229 , 231 , 251 , 259 – 60 , 262 , Newlands, H.S. 160 273 , 280 , 301 Nkrumah, Kwame 153 , 171 – 73 Ploetz, Alfred 133 noble savage 39 – 41 , 47 , 61 Podvoiskii, Nikolai I. 191 Nordau, Max 54 , 58 police 2 , 37 , 53 , 114 , 162 , 164 – 65 , 168 , 172 , n u d i s m 1 3 , 1 8 , 3 6 – 4 1 , 4 3 – 4 8 , 5 5 , 58 , 61 – 62 , 221 , 227 , 230 , 232 – 35 , 248 , 256 – 57 , 260 , 65 , 75 , 81 , 88f4.2 , 318 271 , 273 – 81 , 283 – 85 , 292 , 315 – 16 and bodybuilding 38 corruption 164 , 232 , 254 Caleb Saleeby 38 – 39 , 313 informers 66 criticism against 37 morals 271 – 72 among eugenicists 38 reform in China 274 – 75 G e r m a n 4 7 Tokyo 273 – 74 Hans Surén 40 p o s t c a r d s 4 2 – 4 3 health and beauty movement, ties to 38 Prevention of Prostitution Act Heinrich Pudor 46 (1923) 247 , 256 philosphy of 36 Prigradov-Kudrin, Aleksandr A. 192 Richard Ungewitter 39 , 46 pro kits 299 socialist 47 pro stations 299 – 300 theorists of 36 prohibition zone 155 , 158

Index 331

prophylaxis 167 , 184 – 85 , 192 , 239n16 , 297 , Rangoon Vigilance Society 253 299 , 301 , 303 , 306 , 319 – 20 Ranstead, William 59 prostitution 2 – 4 , 8 – 10 , 12 , 14 , 18 – 19 , 34 , 37 , 133 , realism 43 136 , 152 , 155 , 159 , 166 – 67 , 169 , 171 – 72 , Redfern, Percy 64 193 , 219 , 221 – 22 , 224 – 28 , 232 , 236 – 38 , 247 , red-light districts 229 , 232 – 33 , 295 , 299 , 316 249 , 251 – 52 , 255 – 56 , 259 , 261 – 65 , 271 , 274 , Reemtsma 206 277 , 280 , 284 – 85 , 291 , 294 – 96 , 313 – 16 Reimer, Nikolai K. 182 brothel-based 19 , 221 – 22 , 237 , 261 , 282 , Repeal Act (1895) 156 284 , 302 Reynolds, R.J. 206 child 251 , 255 , 263 – 64 , 277 , 314 , 321 Rhee, Syngman 305 China 19 , 270 , 274 , 276 , 278 Richet, Charles 182 colonial Africa 169 Rockefeller Foundation 128 colonial West Africa 152 Roe, Cliff ord G. 225 E a s t A s i a 1 9 R o ff o, Angel 207 – 8 forced 2 – 3 , 224 , 262 , 278 , 282 Roosevelt, Th eodore 155 , 228 globalization of 223 Rotary Club 208 indentured 275 , 278 , 282 Rousseau, Henri 43 India 246 R o u s s e l , Th eodore 33 Japan 273 , 282 , 292 Rout, Ettie 38 Korea 292 Royal Academy of Art 34 laws 2 , 33 , 222 , 228 , 258 , 316 Royal Air Force 168 legalized 285 Royal Commission on Opium in India licensed 294 – 95 , 300 (1895) 111 male 276 Rozen, Mariia 193 Mohandas K. Gandhi's views on 8 Rüdin, Ernst 133 movement against 225 Rusev, Marin 128 Philippines 224 Ruskin colony 59 , 62 , 65 , 67 , 68n12 , 70n34 , policy 3 , 223 , 235 , 237 73n91 public 225 , 233 Russo-Japanese war 315 registration 155 regulation 2 , 4 – 5 , 13 – 14 , 19 , 154 – 56 , sailors 165 , 167 , 169 , 273 , 315 172 , 224 , 233 – 35 , 237 , 247 , 270 – 84 , Saleeby, Caleb 38 – 40 , 50 , 313 306 – 7 , 317 Salisbury, Lord 157 suppression 156 , 306 Salvation Army 57 , 69n20 , 120n4 , taxation 278 – 79 , 284 256 – 57 , 280 United States 221 , 235 , 237 Sandow Craze 89 and venereal diseases 129 , 166 – 67 , 172 , 282 , Sandow Curative Institute 80 293 , 316 Sandow School of Physical Culture 77 West Africa 159 Sandow System of physical culture 75 – 76 , Public Health and Welfare Section 295 , 299 78 – 80 , 84 , 89 Public Health Bill (1929) 130 Sandow Treatment 80 , 87 Public Health Foundation 208 S a n d o w , E u g e n 6 , 1 8 , 3 8 , 5 6 , 74 – 85 , 86f4.1 , Pudor, Heinrich 36 , 46 88f4.2 , 86 – 92 , 313 , 319 puericultural education 129 attack on 89 Pullman settlement 65 campaign against drugs 84 Purleigh 66 disciples 38 eugenics 83 race 15 , 40 , 47 – 48 , 76 , 81 , 103 , 105 , 109 – 20 , temperance movement, relations with 77 130 , 139 – 43 , 167 , 226 , 250 , 301 – 2 , 304 , 314 US tour 79 – 80 hygiene 132 – 33 , 138 world tour 74 legislation 144 Sandow’s Magazine 76 – 77 , 79 , 84 – 85 theories 105 , 142 Sapara, Oguntula 114

332 Index

Sarda (Child Marriage Restraint) Act soldiers 19 , 154 – 55 , 165 – 67 , 169 , 186 , 234 , (1929) 261 237 , 252 , 283 , 291 , 295 , 297 – 302 , 304 – 7 , satyagraha 6 , 16 315 – 16 , 319 Schargrodsky, Herman 211 S o n t a g , S u s a n 4 1 schnapps 140 , 160 – 61 Souchy, Augustin 60 Schönenberger, Franz 81 Southern Nigeria 106t5.1 , 103 – 8 , 110 – 13 , Schwarzenegger, Arnold 91 115 – 16 , 118 , 120n1 , 120n9 , 122n72 , Scientifi c Conference on Drug Addiction 159 – 60 , 176n41 , 176n45 , 314 (1923) 184 St. Catherine’s Rescue Home 256 scientifi c racism 105 , 115 St. Francis of Assisi 59 Sedlack, Francis 64 , 66 St. Germain-en-Laye Selective Service 228 Convention of 158 Semashko, Nikolai 187 , 191 – 93 Treaty of 119 – 20 Serge, Victor 60 , 67 Stanchev, Nikola 137 sex education 127 , 299 Stanley, H.M. 87 sex traffi cking 1 , 3 , 12 , 14 – 15 , 18 – 20 , 219 , Stead, W.T. 319 222 – 24 , 226 , 229 – 33 , 237 – 38 , 310n31 Steer, Philip Wilson 33 sex workers 2 – 4 , 14 , 41 , 221 , 223 , 225 , 228 – 30 , sterilization 10 – 11 , 126 , 133 , 135 , 139 , 143 , 232 – 38 , 243n66 , 247 151n87 Shanti Sadana Ashram 258 Stockel colony 60 , 67 Shaw, Nellie 62 Stoler, Ann 17 , 236 , 294 Shephard, Meliscent 255 , 257 , 259 , 266n22 , Storyville 316 267n22 Student Volunteers 154 Shikai, Yuan 274 Suppression of Immoral Traffi c Act Sholomovich, Alexsandr 187 , 189 , 193 , 322 (1923) 249 Sickert, Walter 33 (1930) 256 Siegert, Wilhelm 81 Surén, Hans 39 – 40 Smith, Alison 33 , 35 , 48 , 52 surveillance 37 , 53 , 66 , 92n3 , 235 , 247 , 265 , smoking 9 , 58 , 78 , 84 , 203 – 16 , 316 295 , 299 – 302 , 306 Buenos Aires 18 , 203 – 4 , 207 syphilis 9 , 159 , 167 – 68 , 192 , 277 – 78 , 316 – 17 cancer, relation to 208 – 9 controversy 209 t a b l o i d 8 7 criminalization 215 T a ft , William H. 228 marijuana 323 Tambe, Ashwini 20 , 51 – 52 , 247 – 48 , 266 – 67 medicalization 215 tango 204 – 5 opium 276 Taoism 64 prohibition 204 tax 14 , 66 , 107 , 125 , 157 , 205 , 208 , 210 – 11 , regulation 208 – 11 , 214 – 15 , 319 270 , 276 – 79 , 283 – 84 , 286n10 , 288n40 , subculture 205 322 , 324n19 smuggling 15 , 60 , 118 , 163 , 188 , 202n106 temperance discourse 124 , 129 – 30 , 144 social democrats 61 , 129 , 132 – 33 temperance movement 6 , 13 , 18 , 77 , 125 , 129 , Bulgarian 126 , 144 142 – 44 , 149n62 , 157 G e r m a n 5 7 Th eosophy 6 , 64 , 71n66 , 72n69 , 75 , 319 social hygiene 4 , 10 , 14 , 21n18 , 24n54 , 125 – 29 , Th omas, Shenton 165 131 – 33 , 135 – 36 , 143 – 44 , 175n38 , 227 , Th ompson, Bonar 57 230 , 255 , 257 , 294 tobacco 18 , 180 – 81 , 203 – 4 , 206 , 208 , 211 – 12 , social purity 2 , 33 – 35 , 37 – 38 , 41 , 44 , 49n5 , 215 , 313 , 316 , 319 – 20 , 322 152 , 154 , 157 , 172 – 73 , 223 – 24 , 234 advertisement 204 , 209 , 214 Social Welfare Ministry 209 companies 58 , 206 , 208 socialism 10 , 57 , 68n13 , 68n7 , 69n22 , 70n28 , industry 204 , 206 – 7 , 209 , 211 , 213 71n59 , 71n60 , 71n65 , 72n76 , 73n90 , 73n91 , lobby 209 75 , 129 , 133 , 146n20 , 148n50 , 149n50 production 205 , 208 – 9 , 214 Society for the Suppression of Vice 314 products 204 , 209 , 314

Index 333

regulation 208 – 14 , 216 Volkskörper 14 smoking 208 , 316 Volstead Act (1919) 157 , 318 , 321 taxes 210 – 11 Tolstoy, Leo 58 Wagner, Richard 63 Tolstoyan movement 6 , 53 , 59 – 60 , Wandervogel 6 0 64 , 66 Webb, Beatrice and Sydney 133 Total Abstinence Movement 58 Weidenreich, Franz 142 transatlantic slave trade 109 Weissmann, August 134 tuberculosis 125 , 127 , 129 , 142 , 144 , Wellcome, Henry 87 , 98n73 , 98n74 , 98n75 , 175n38 , 192 98n76 Tugwell, Herbert 107 , 111 , 121n16 , Welsh, Th omas 117 121n33 , 122n55 West African War Council 166 Tuke, Henry 33 White Cross League 33 Tuner, George Kibbe 224 White Slave Division 19 , 221 – 24 , Twain, Mark 75 228 – 33 , 235 – 38 , see also B u r e a u o f Tyrrell, Ian 5 , 16 , 22 , 25 , 28n87 , 29n92 , 120 , Investigation 157 , 174 , 175n15 , 175n22 , 175n23 , White Slave Traffi c Act (1910) 222 – 23 , 225 , 175n24 , 175n25 , 175n26 , 175n30 , 228 – 30 , 236 – 37 , 238n1 , 239n9 , 240n22 , 175n33 , 177 , 177n67 244n79 , see also Mann Act (1910) white slavery 222 – 29 , 231 , 236 , 239n11 , 239n7 , US Army 154 – 55 , 292 , 298 , 307n3 , 311n51 , 240n22 , 241n31 , 314 311n53 crisis 223 – 24 , 228 US Army Military Government in Korea laws 223 (USAMGIK) 292 movement against 222 – 23 , 225 Ungewitter, Richard 36 – 37 , 39 – 40 , 46 , 46f2.4 , policy against 223 , 230 50 , 51n34 Whiteway colony 54 , 56 , 59 – 62 , 64 – 67 , 70n46 , United Society of Christian Endeavor 154 71n57 , 71n64 , 72n75 , 72n79 , 72n81 , United States Army Forces in Korea 72n82 (USAFIK) 292 Wilcox, R.R. 168 , 170t7.1 Willard, Frances 2 , 154 Vaishnava-Hinduism 6 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 2 , 77 , VD contact tracing 299 – 301 154 , 157 – 58 vegetarianism 6 , 55 , 57 – 58 , 64 , 69n25 , 75 , Women’s International League of Peace and 77 , 318 Freedom 15 venereal disease 2 , 10 – 11 , 14 , 18 , 62 , 125 , 127 , Women’s Mission Board of the Methodist 129 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 144 , 152 , 154 – 55 , Episcopal Church 1 , 4 159 , 165 – 68 , 170t7.1 , 227 , 233 – 35 , 237 , Workers’ Social Democratic Party 129 250 , 252 , 257 , 270 – 72 , 279 , 283 , 291 , World Conference on Tobacco or 293 – 307 , 316 Health 209 and alcoholism 130 , 134 World Health Organization 208 , 210 , 212 , 215 , British West Africa 152 217n15 , 319 campaign against 169 World League Against Alcoholism 154 education 298 – 99 World Purity Association 230 Japan 290 World Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Korea 290 1 , 3 – 4 , 13 , 15 – 16 , 77 , 154 , 156 prevention 295 and prostitution 166 – 67 , 172 , 270 , 272 – 73 , yoga 82 279 , 282 , 290 – 91 , 316 Young Men’s Christian Association 13 , 154 rehabilitation centers 303 , 307 Young Women’s Christian Association 154 among troops 165 – 68 , 290 Venereal Disease Museum 296 , 319 Zlatarov, Asen 140 – 42 , 151n95 , 151n96 , V i l l a n y , A d o r e é 3 6 151n97 violence 5 , 116 , 163 – 64 , 184 , 224 , 248 , 294 Zuyder Zee colony 59